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Effect Of Information Communication Technology On Financial Performance Of Hospitality Firms In Kenya
No full textCompetition among the hospitality firms has intensified and the players in this industry are
struggling to attract customers. As a result, they have been forced to initiate innovative ways
of surviving. One of the strategies they have adopted is information technology. Investment
in technology can help improve the performance of the hospitality industry. This study aimed
to establish the effect of information communication technology on the financial performance
of hospitality firms in Kenya. The specific focus was to establish the effect of e-marketing, etransactions
platforms, customer relationship management systems and financial management
systems on the financial performance of hospitality firms in Kenya. The study adopted the
Technology Acceptance Model, Transaction Cost Theory and the Resource-Based Theory in
providing a theoretical anchor to the study. An explanatory research design was adopted and
the target population of the study was 79 hotels classified as level 4- and 5-star hotels in
Kenya. A census was conducted on the 79 hotels. The target respondents were finance and
Information Technology managers from the hotels. A questionnaire containing closed ended
questions was adopted for this study. The quantitative data collected was analyzed through
descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that adoption of information
communication technology, that is Financial Management Systems, E-Customer Relationship
Management, E-transactions and E-marketing has a positive and significant effect on
financial performance of level 4- and 5-star hotels in Kenya. This led to the recommendations
that the management of hotels in Kenya, both level 4, 5 and others to aggressively invest in emarketing
practices such as Facebook, Instagram, twitter, LinkedIn, mobile apps and
websites if they intend to significantly improve their financial performance ; aggressively
invest in adoption of e-transactions practices such as credit cards, debit cards, pay pal, mobile
payment services and master cards in order to significantly boost their financial performance
; invest in adoption of e-customer relationship management practices such as online call
centers to handle complains, social platforms to handle complains, online room bookings,
online book confirmation in order to realize a significant improvement in their financial
performance and also invest in adoption of financial management systems such as electronic
forensic analysis, accounting packages to manage accounts, internal control systems so as to
have a significant improvement in their financial performance
Effect Of Seasonal Market Anomalies On Stock Market Return Among Companies Listed At The Nairobi Securities Exchange Kenya
No full textMany researchers both globally and locally have demonstrated that stock markets are inefficient as investors can rely on the calendar/seasonal market anomalies to gain abnormal returns. These studies have continued to contradict the Efficient Market hypothesis theory which exhibits that stock market is efficient. The inefficiency of the stock market is believed to be as a result of the volatility of the stock returns. This study therefore investigated the effect of seasonal stock market anomalies on the stock market returns among companies listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The main objective of the study was to determine the weekend effect, turn of the month effect and holiday effect anomalies on the stock market return among Companies listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. The study sampled NSE - 20 share index closing prices from September 2000 to December 2019. Data was obtained from the Nairobi Securities Exchange database. All the data collected were first input into an excel sheet and then analysed using Stata version 12 software. Characteristics of the data for each seasonality; weekend effect, turn of the month effect and holiday effect was analysed using descriptive statistics then EGARCH (1,1) model and results obtained for both the mean and variance equation. The mean analysis results showed the presence of the weekend effect and turn of the month effect on the stock market returns of the NSE 20 Share Index at the Nairobi Securities Exchange while the results failed to confirm existence of holiday effect at the NSE. The variance analysis for the three independent variables showed a positive asymmetric term, implying that positive shocks have greater impact on volatility more than negative shocks of the same magnitude. Positive information in the stock market generates less variance or volatility in the market since positive return translates to high equity prices. This implies that volatility tends to decrease when the stock market returns at the NSE increases than when the stock market decreases with the same amount
Determinants Of Revenue Collection In County Governments In Kenya
No full textThe purposive of this study was to examine the determinants of revenue collection in county governments in Kenya. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of internal controls on the revenue collection, establish the effect of staff skills and competence on the revenue collection and to assess the effect of technology on revenue collection in county governments in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population was 3,891 finance managers and revenue officers from the 47 counties in Kenya. The study sampled 350 respondents using stratified and simple random sampling methods. The data was collected using questionnaires. The researcher administered questionnaires to the respondents and drop and pick later method was used because the respondents needed time to fill the questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The study used correlation and regression analysis to test the relationship between the variables. The study performed diagnostic tests to determine the appropriateness of the data before running the regression analysis. The findings were presented in tables and figures. The study established that the internal control system had a positive significant effect on the revenue collection. The study furthers established that revenue staff skills and competence have significant effect on the revenue collection in the county governments. Finally, the study established that there was a significant effect of technology on the revenue collection. The study therefore concludes that internal control, revenue staff skills and competence and technology have positive and significant effect on the county governments’ revenue collection. The researcher made the following recommendations: the management of the county government should tighten the internal control systems to enhance revenue collection process with the view of increasing revenue collection in the county governments in Kenya; the organization should emphasis employee competence and skills by hiring qualities personnel with relevant revenue collection knowledge and constant training with view of sharpening their skills and competence to maximize revenue collection in the county governments; the county governments should legislate more revenue policies and strengthen enforcement of the policies with the view of enhancing the revenue collection in the county government, and the county governments should adopt more revenue collection systems to enhance the revenue collection in the county government
Analysis Of Some Selected Factors On The Adoption Of GDP-indexed Bond As A Budget Financing Option In Kenya
No full textThis study analyses some selected factors that could influence the adoption of GDP-indexed bonds as a budget financing option in Kenya. Its specific objectives are to: examine how the openness of the economy could influence the use of GDP-Indexed Bonds as a budget financing option in Kenya; assess how capital market development could influence the use of GDP-Indexed Bonds as a budget financing option in Kenya; explore how government credibility could influence the use of GDP-Indexed Bonds as a budget financing option in Kenya and; determine how the volatility of returns could influence the use of GDP-Indexed Bonds as a budget financing option in Kenya. The study is founded on two theoretical foundations namely: Theory of Policy Credibility, and Keynesian Theory. It adopted the explanatory research design with data being obtained from secondary data sources. The data were checked for completeness, accuracy, and uniformity and cleaned. The data obtained was coded and analyzed. The researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 24) to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics (weighted means, percentages, and frequencies) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and regression analysis) were used to analyze the data. The findings from multiple regression show that openness of the economy, government credibility, capital markets development and volatility of returns had significant relationships with the feasibility of GDP-Indexed Bonds to finance budget deficits. Findings from the multivariate regression model showed that the combined influence of independent variables could explain use of GDP-indexed bonds to finance budget deficits in Kenya though the model was strong. F-test also showed that all the independent variables combined could statistically and significantly predict the feasibility of the use of GDP-Indexed Bonds in Kenya. Regression coefficients for all the independent variables were also significant. In this regard, the level to which the independent variables could statistically predict the feasibility of the use of GDP-Indexed bonds to finance economic growth in Kenya were ascertained by the regression model. It could thus be concluded that ensuring openness of the economy, development of capital markets, credibility of the government as well as the predictability and steadiness of stocks returns could enhance the adoption of GDP-Indexed bonds as a financing option in Kenya. Based on the findings of the study, the following policy recommendation is made. The government needs to put in place policies for checking corruption and for enhancing its credibility among local and foreign investors. There should also be efforts to ensure that fiscal rules and the associated legislation are stable and do not change erratically so as to maintain investor confidence. The openness of the economy should also be enhanced to make it able to absorb different financial tools without problems. Limitations posed by taxes and any inflexible trade laws should be dealt with. The government should also constantly revise its legal and policy frameworks to ensure that capital markets adapt to emergent capital market demands to make the country competitive in the international arena. Mechanisms for reducing volatility of stocks should also be put in place
Effect Of Supplier Relationship Management On Supply Chain Performance Of The Alcoholic Beverage Companies In Kenya
No full textSupplier Relationship Management (SRM) aims to ensure that there is collaborative interaction between the entity and its suppliers for the success of the enterprise. When evaluating performance of the supply chain, emphasis is placed on activities like delivery and product availability and the capacity of the inventory to yield greater performance. Manufacturing firms deal in products that are of similar attributes with a high degree of competition. Thus, to survive, entities in the manufacturing sector are force d to undertake strategic options so as to remain competitive. The essence of the inquiry was to bring out the link between SRM and the ability of supply chains to perform with focus on Kenyan alcoholic beverage entities. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of supply chain collaboration, supplier development and supply selection and evaluation on supply chain performance of the alcoholic beverage companies in Kenya. The relationship marketing theory and the agency theory were used to sup[port the inquiry. With adoption of descriptive design, 48 beverage alcoholic manufacturing entities in Kenya were targeted and the respondents were the supply chain managers. Census was used and thus 48 respondents were included in the study. The views of the respondents were gathered with aid of the questionnaire that were clos ended. There was piloting of the questionnaire prior to actual data to ensure that it as valid and reliable. It was SPSS tool that helped in processing the gathered views from the respondents with aid of means, standard deviation, and correlation and regression analysis. Both figures and tables helped in presentation of the findings. The study noted that while supply chain collaboration and supply selection and evaluation had significant effect on supply chain performance of the alcoholic beverage companies in Kenya, supplier development was not significant. The study concluded that supply chain collaboration and supply selection and evaluation had significant effect on supply chain performance of the alcoholic beverage companies in Kenya. The study recommended that supply chain managers of the alcoholic beverage companies in Kenya should improve on their supply selection and evaluation criteria and the supply chain collaboration practices so as to enhance supply chain performance of their firms. The study was limited with a relatively small sample size of 48 supply chain managers. The study recommended further research to be conducted in other nonalcoholic beverage companies in Kenya
An Artificial Neural Network Model For Predicting Attainment Of The 50:50 Gender Ratio In Stem Courses In Kenya
No full textIn spite of the existing educational policies on gender and several other interventions that are aimed at empowering the girl child, education is not globally available and gender inequality is still a major problem world wide. Many nations are now concerned that fewer girls are going to school in comparison to their male counterparts, and also that males have higher participation and learning achievements than girls ,more particularly in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects and courses. STEM education is one of the pillars behind Kenya’s Vision 2030, which aims to turn the country into a newly industrializing, middle-income country providing a high quality life to all its citizens by the year 2030, in a clean and secure environment. STEM education is expected to provide learners with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior required for inclusive and sustainable societies. Graduation trends from the Commission for University Education (CUE) show that more than 30 % of graduating students each year are awarded commerce degrees or one of its other hybrids in business studies, 20 % graduate in education arts and another 20 % in other non-STEM courses. In a study conducted by Dr. Eusebius Juma Mukhwana, (Mukhwana et al., 2016) a former deputy commission secretary in charge of planning and research development at CUE, 74 % of all university students are enrolled in business, education arts and humanities. This leaves only 26% of the students in STEM.To make a bad situation worse, gender disparity within STEM fields is in favor of males. Female students represent only 35% of all the students enrolled in STEM- related fields of study at higher learning levels according to a study conducted by UNESCO through the ‘STEM and Gender advancement’ project in 2015. This disparity in gender is startling, moreso since careers in the STEM fields are now being commonly cited as jobs of the future that are being used, and shall continue to be used to drive innovation, inclusive growth and sustainable development. The female gender is held back by societal norms, biases and prejudice, and expectations that influence the quality of education they receive and even the subjects they choose to study at higher learning levels.
Following the above findings, the Kenyan government and stakeholders in the education sector have put measures in place in a bid to bridge this gap in gender. The main aim of this study therefore was to develop a model that would predict when the ratio of males to females in STEM will be 50:50 and further determine what measures can be put in place by government or society, to promote the interest and engagement of girls in STEM.
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was applied as the predictive data mining method to come up with the model. Exploratory data analysis was performed on the data and a regression model was built inorder to achieve the main objective of the study.
The study utilized the data in the repositories of the Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Services (KUCCPS) for the years 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. The method of data collection was ‘Use of existing data as a data collection method for machine learning’ (Yuji et al., 2019). After the model was built, it was evaluated to determine its accuracy
Influence of Knowledge Mapping On Employee Performance in Public Universities in Kenya
No full textKnowledge workers are important and key strategic resources in all types of organizations; they are value
creators and value adders whose major contributions come from their abilities to process and apply knowledge
and information to completing tasks, making decisions, and solving problems. Through descriptive research
design the study examined the influence of knowledge mapping on employee performance in public universities
in Kenya. Simple regression analysis revealed positive and significant influence of knowledge mapping on
employee performance in public universities in Keny
A Multiple Regression Model To Predict Tourists’ Satisfaction Index
No full textoai:repository.kcau.ac.ke:123456789/568The tourism industry appears to be one of the fastest growing industry all over the world. This growth can boost a nation’s economy. Nonetheless, much effort is needed for a nation to harness the socioeconomic benefits attributed to the growth of its tourism sector. One of the ways though which a country can capitalize in the growth of tourism is by use of mining Big Data for insight to improve its strategic approach to boosting tourism. In this regard, this paper reviewed several yet relevant past studies about tourism and its socioeconomic implications. Based on the findings in these reviewed literature, this paper acquired specific socioeconomic data and developed a multiple regression model to predict tourists’ satisfaction. As hypothesized, GDP per capita, social support, health life expectancy, freedom, generosity, and corruption perception, part of a nation’s socioeconomic indicators, can be used to predict a tourist’s satisfaction. The paper concluded that it is possible to predict tourists’ satisfaction with the developed model. Moreover, Big Data can be mined and its insight used to advise tourists, an approach that can boost a nation’s tourism industry
e-Learning Challenges Faced by Universities in Kenya: A Literature Review
No full textSome institutions of higher education in Kenya have adopted e-Learning with the aim of coping with the
increased demand for university education and to widen access to university training and education. Though there are
advantages that accrue from adopting e-Learning; its implementation and provision has not been smooth sailing. It has had
to contend with certain national, organisational, technical and social challenges that undermine its successful
implementation. This paper therefore aims to present a literature review of the challenges faced in the implementation
and provision of e-Learning in universities in Kenya. The scoping review method was used to identify and analyze the
literature of the e-Learning challenges. Some of the challenges revealed include: lack of adequate e-Learning policies,
inadequate Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, the ever evolving technologies, lack of
technical and pedagogical competencies and training for e-tutors and e-learners, lack of an e-Learning theory to underpin
the e-Learning practice, budgetary constraints and sustainability issues, negative perceptions towards e-Learning, quality
issues, domination of e-Learning aims by technology and market forces and lack of collaboration among the e-Learning
participants. These challenges need to be addressed to minimise their impact on implementation and delivery of e-
Learning initiatives in institutions of higher education in Kenya. This analysis of the e-Learning challenges forms the basis
for the ongoing research that seeks to explore and establish possible strategies to address some of these challenges
Factors Affecting Financial Performance Of Pension Schemes In Kenya
No full textThe major “function of pension funds is to provide ways for individuals to build up financial savings during their effective or working life in preparation for the funding of the consumption requires when they retire from active employment. Pension funds are the major sources of retirement income for many individuals worldwide.Despite the pension sub-sector growing, the faster growth in pension liabilities relative to assets as well as increasing life expectancy has elevated funding risks. In the defined contribution schemes, unremitted contributions have increased due to poor economic performance and the insufficient funding of quasi government schemes. This study sought to analyze the factors affecting financial performance of pension schemes in Kenya. The study specific objectives included risk management, membership age, member contribution and firm size to determine their effect on the financial performance of the pension schemes.The Capital Asset Pricing Model, Agency Theory and Financial Intermediation Theory was used to inform the study. The literature review is categorized on risk management, membership age, member contribution and firm size on financial performance of pension schemes. This study used the use the 34 individual retirement benefits schemes registered with the Retirement Benefit Authority. The study used data for the period 2010-2019. The study conducted Normality test, Multicollinearity, Test for Fixed or Random Effects, Wooldridge Test for Serial Correlation and Heteroscedasticity. Descriptive statistics was presented in mean, median, standard deviation while the inferential statistics included diagnostics tests and multiple linear regression model. The hypotheses was tested at 5% significance level. The results revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between risk management and financial performance of pension schemes in Kenya (β= 0.987, p=0.000). There was a negative and insignificant relationship between age of scheme members and financial performance of pension schemes in Kenya (β= -0.00058, p=0.912). Member contribution had a positive and significant relationship with financial performance of pension schemes in Kenya (β= 0.0209, p=0.000). Lastly, firm size revealed a positive and significant relationship with financial performance of pension schemes in Kenya (β= 0.018, p=0.003). The null hypothesis on risk management, Member contribution and firm size were rejected while that of age of the scheme members was not rejected. Based on the study findings the study concluded that there is a strong correlation between risk management, age of scheme members, member contributions and firm size on financial performance of pension funds. The study recommended that pension funds should use the increasing value of their funds to generate returns for the pensioners. In addition, there is need to utilize assets to generate income for the pension funds and include the needs of the different age brackets in the management of the pension schemes.