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Comparison of Concrete Strengthened with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Carbon Textile-Reinforced Mortar (CTRM)
No full textApplying new composite material for strengthening and repairing existing structures is an important research topic. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Plastics (CFRP) and Carbon Textile Reinforced Mortar (CTRM) are two common structural external reinforcement materials. 18 concrete specimens strengthened with CFRP and CTRM are prepared in this study. The quasi-static single-sided shear tests combined with the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method is applied. The results show that the interface bonding strength of CFRP strengthening (0.76-0.96 MPa) is 65.0% to 74.8% higher than the CTRM-concrete interface (0.43-0.63 MPa). The ductility and energy dissipation capacity of CTRM strengthening is better than that of CFRP strengthening, and the effective bonding length is 125 to 300 mm. In practical work, CFRP is preferred for improving the strength of concrete components, while CTRM is preferred for improving ductility and seismic resistance
Macroscopic Differences of Pig Eye after Death: A Veterinary Forensic Study
No full textThe study of veterinary forensics is a field of science that is developing rapidly in the world of veterinary medicine. Veterinary forensics plays a crucial role in investigating and resolving cases involving animals, either as subjects or objects in incidents and ensuring the collection of all possible biological and physical evidence. Given the close relationship between humans and animals, numerous significant cases arise that are pertinent to veterinary forensics. The current research aimed to determine early post-mortem changes in pigs, providing insights into animal mortality in real-world scenarios. Observations were made on seven male Yorkshire pigs, aged 3 months old, with an average weight of 30.1 kg. Pigs were observed at four different post-mortem intervals, including 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after death, with initial observations at the time of death serving as the control. Observations of changes in the eye sclera, eye lens, eyeball temperature, and eyeball pressure were carried out at each time interval. Results at the 2nd and 4th hours post-mortem showed no macroscopic changes in the eye sclera and eye lens, but there were changes in eye pressure. By the 6th and 8th hours, changes in the sclera and eye lens showed desiccation in the area of the sclera and the eye lens, which became increasingly cloudy. The eyeball temperature measurement values from the 2nd to 8th hour of the study revealed a significant decrease in eyeball pressure. The results of this study indicated observable changes in the eyes can be used as a basic alternative method for calculating the introductory postmortem interval in animals in the future. There was a significant decrease in eyeball temperature, and eyeball compactness, as significant differences in the eye sclera, and eye lens at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-mortem, compared to the time of death. These variables offer crucial insights into early post-mortem changes in pigs, using the eyes as the primary focus of observation. © (2024), (Scienceline Publication). All rights reserved
Impact of Fixation of Camel Lymph Node Cells on Marker Expression Stability in Flow Cytometry
No full textSingle cell immunophenotyping by flow cytometry has proven a useful and high sensitive method for the analysis of immune cell composition and phenotype in different lymphatic and non-lymphatic tissues. Fixation of stained cells is usually recommended when the cells need to be preserved for later analysis by flow cytometry to avoid changes in cell morphology and expression of the level of cellular antigens. In the present study, a stain-fix approach was used in combination with flow cytometry to investigate the impact of fixation of camel lymph node cell suspension (n = 5 camels) after labeling with monoclonal antibodies to some leukocyte antigens on their cellular composition and expression density of immune cell markers. The obtained results indicated that camel lymph node cell suspension stained with fluorochrome-conjugated mAbs to leukocyte antigens and fixed with paraformaldehyde (PFA) will keep stable values for their immune cell composition for at least six days when analyzed by flow cytometry. However, if cell subsets were to be identified, fixation may result in different values that were obtained when analyzing fresh stained unfixed cells. Especially the instability in the fluorescence intensity of CD14, CD172a, and MHCII will lead to significant changes in the frequency of monocyte subsets (classical versus intermediate or non-classical) and the identification of macrophage functional subtype (M1 versus M2). Similarly, the instability in CD44 expression may affect the identified phenotype of T cells with significantly lower frequency of activated T cells. In conclusion, flow cytometric data collected from stained and PFA-fixed cell suspension prepared from camel lymph nodes should be interpreted with care if the functional subtype of cells is to be identified based on surface molecule expression. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 202
Comparative Effects of Meloxicam and Phenylbutazone on Clinical Outcomes and Acute Phase Response in Sheep with Acute Respiratory Disease
No full textThe ovine respiratory complex (ORC) is one of the most common respiratory diseases observed in sheep. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of two non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (meloxicam and phenylbutazone) for the treatment of the ORC. For this purpose, 33 Ossimi sheep were randomly assigned into three treatment groups (11 each). Group 1 was treated with amoxicillin long-acting (LA) and meloxicam, group 2 received amoxicillin LA and phenylbutazone, and group 3 was treated with amoxicillin LA alone. Sheep were examined clinically and clinical index scores were recorded before and after treatment. Additionally, blood samples were collected from each sheep. After 14 days of treatment, sheep of group 1 indicated significant improvements in their clinical index scores and a reduction in total leukocyte count. However, there was a significant increase in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and MCHC. There was a significant decrease in the serum globulin, copper, and haptoglobin in group 1, compared to sheep of groups 2 and 3. Based on the results of this study, administering meloxicam to sheep with an ovine respiratory complex resulted in significant improvements in clinical outcomes and significant corrections in above mentioned hematological and biochemical parameters. Although phenylbutazone proved to be less effective, it still demonstrated some degree of efficacy in treating this condition. This study suggests that meloxicam may be a more effective treatment option for ORC with phenylbutazone. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved
Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Infected Layer Chickens in West Java, Indonesia
No full textBacterial infections, such as those caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype A, pose significant threats to poultry farming. The use of antibiotics to treat these infections can lead to antibiotic resistance. The present study aimed to identify Pasteurella multocida from 14 Hisex Brown layer chicken hen farms, with chikens aged 25-55 weeks, in West Java, Indonesia, and to evaluate their resistance to various antibiotics. Three samples from each farm were collected from dead chickens having symptoms of fowl cholera. Initially, the study involved isolating and identifying isolates from liver, heart, and lung organs via polymerase chain reaction. The colony was then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that 13 samples were Pasteurella multocida and nine were serotype A. The test results also indicated that all isolates were resistant to colistin (10 µg) and sensitive to tetracycline (30 µg), amoxicillin (25 µg), enrofloxacin (5 µg), sulfamethoxazole (25 µg), lincomycin (109 µg), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg). The study concluded that none of the Pasteurella multocida type A isolates were any longer sensitive to colistin, with some isolates still sensitive to tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, and ciprofloxacin, and two isolates showing multidrug resistance patterns
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Cardiovascular Diseases in Dogs and Cats
No full textThe term biomarker encompasses various biological indicators that objectively reflect a patient's medical status with precision and reproducibility. These indicators range from basic measurements like pulse and blood pressure to more intricate laboratory tests. Cardiac markers are crucial for accurate and prompt diagnosis of heart diseases in animals. Given the challenge of diagnosing cardiac diseases in small animals due to nonspecific clinical signs, cardiac markers provide quantitative indicators of biological processes. These markers include cardiac troponins for myocardial injury, natriuretic peptides for myocardial function, lipoproteins for serum homeostasis, and markers for inflammation of the cardiovascular system. Among natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has emerged as a significant tool in diagnosing and monitoring cardiac diseases. ANP, primarily synthesized in cardiac atria, regulates salt and fluid excretion, counteracts vasoconstriction, and inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, contributing to the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Additionally, it functions as a biomarker for ventricular hypertrophy and congestive heart failure (CHF) in animals. Furthermore, it protects against hypertension and cardiac remodeling by demonstrating antagonism to the same system. This review addresses the definition of biomarkers within the context of molecular biology, elucidates their multifaceted functions in the animal organism in light of integrative physiology, and explores the pathologies correlated with ANP, with an emphasis on its etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations
Growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical indices of weaner pigs fed Carica papaya seed and leaf meal as dietary supplement
No full textA 28-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the performance characteristics and hemato-biochemical parameters of weaner pigs fed graded levels of Carica papaya seed and leaf meal supplementation. A total of 36 cross-bred (Large white x Landrace) strains of weaner pigs of average initial weight of 8.86+0.10 kg were used for the study. Four treatment diets designated T1, T2, T3 and T4 replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design (CRD) were formulated to include the Carica papaya leaf and seed meal at 0, 1, 2 and 3 levels, respectively. Data were collected on daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), cost benefit analysis, hematological indices and serum biochemistry. The body weight gain of the weaner pigs was highest in T4 (3) Carica papaya seed and leaf meal mix (CSLM) supplementation with the value of 353 g while the least value of 228 g was recorded by T2 which significantly differed (P<0.05) from the control group. Hemato-biochemical parameters showed significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments, indicating positive influence of CSLM on the investigated parameters. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase concentration increased as the dietary levels of CLSM increased in the diets. Based on the above findings, it is recommended that CLSM can be included at a level of 3 for optimum performance, hemato-biochemical stability and profit maximization
Bio-Grouting: Advancing Soil Stabilization for Eco-Friendly Infrastructure
No full textThe burgeoning demand for sustainable infrastructure necessitates the adoption of innovative soil stabilization techniques that are both effective and environmentally benign. This study introduces bio-grouting, a novel approach utilizing biologically induced calcite precipitation (BICP) mediated by Bacillus pasteurii, to enhance soil strength and durability. By incorporating naturally occurring soil bacteria, bio-grouting not only improves soil mechanical properties but also significantly reduces permeability, thereby extending the longevity of infrastructure and minimizing environmental impacts. Extensive laboratory tests and field trials demonstrate that bio-grouting provides substantial improvements in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and decreases soil permeability by up to 90% across various soil types, including sandy loam, clay, and silty sand. Moreover, durability tests under environmental stresses confirm the treated soil’s resilience, underscoring bio-grouting’s potential as a sustainable and scalable solution for geotechnical engineering applications
Investigation of the Engineering Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) Cured with Internal Resistance
No full textIn this study, it was aimed to produce glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) samples cured with internal resistance by placing resistance wires at different distances within the concrete molds and applying electric current at various voltages, while the mold surfaces were covered with stretch film. The engineering properties of these samples were then investigated. Previous studies have shown that the mechanical properties of conventional concrete, which were subjected to different curing methods, improved compared to samples that did not undergo any curing process. This study aimed to enhance both the engineering properties of the concrete samples and to accelerate the curing process. Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with dimensions of 50×50×4 cm was produced, and 25, 35, and 45V resistances were applied to three different molds with wire spacing of 5cm, 6cm, and 7cm. With this application, the GRC samples were subjected to internal resistance curing for the first 24 hours. By applying three different voltages to molds with three different wire spacings, 9 concrete samples were produced, along with 1 reference sample that did not contain any resistance wires and was not subjected to any curing process, making a total of 10 different concrete samples. After curing, the concrete samples were cut into 16cm×4cm×4cm GRC mechanical test specimens. The obtained specimens were tested for 7, 14, and 28 day compressive strength, flexural strength, unit weight, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. To examine the microstructure of the GRC samples, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses were conducted. These analyses investigated the physical and chemical development processes of the samples, mass losses, products formed after hydration, and structural behaviors. As a result, it was observed that the early-age strength properties of GRC samples cured with internal resistance showed a partial increase compared to the reference sample that was not internally cured, especially in the 7-day samples. In the 14 and 28-day strength comparisons, it was observed that the cured samples showed improvement in flexural strength. According to the data obtained, the samples subjected to 35 volts of electric current yielded better results, especially in the early ages, compared to the reference sample
Meeting the Sustainability Emergency in Built Environment Curricula through Tripartite Pedagogy Quasi-Experimentation
No full textThis study evaluates the effectiveness of a tripartite pedagogy framework integrating specialized tracks, optional minors, and experiential learning to enhance sustainability education in built environment curricula. Employing a mixed-methods quasi-experimental design, the research assessed 239 industrial training students in Enugu, Nigeria. Results from the t-test demonstrate significant improvements in sustainability knowledge post-intervention and high interest in optional sustainability courses. Repeated measures of ANOVA revealed substantial enhancements in students' ability to apply sustainability concepts over time. Qualitative data highlighted practical challenges in experiential learning, including resource constraints. The findings provide empirical support for the tripartite approach, extending previous research by quantifying impacts on practical skills development. This study contributes to the limited body of evidence on integrated sustainability education interventions in the Global South, demonstrating significant improvements in students' sustainability knowledge and application skills through a tripartite pedagogy framework. The findings highlight the potential of specialized tracks, optional minors, and experiential learning to bridge the gap between academic preparation and industry needs. It is recommended that educational institutions prioritize these integrative approaches and address resource constraints to enhance the effectiveness and scalability of sustainability education in built environment curricula