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TEXTURE PROFILE, WATER HOLDING CAPACITY, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND LIPID OXIDATION OF BEEF DURING RETAIL DISPLAY FROM CATTLE FED TOTAL MIXED RATION SUPPLEMENTED WITH Capsicum frutescens L. AND Curcuma longa L. POWDERS
No full textThis study aimed to elucidate the effects of supplementation of Capsicum frutescens L. or chili pepper (ChP) and Curcuma longa L. or turmeric (T) powders combination in total mixed ration (TMR) on texture profile, water holding capacity (WHC) and oxidative stability of beef during days 0, 5 and 10 of retail display. The experiment was carried out on 16 crossbred bulls (Brahman and Charolais) of about 2 years in age. The bulls were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatment groups as follows: 1) TMR as control, 2) TMR + 1ChP powder, 3) TMR + 1T powder, and 4) TMR supplemented with a mixed powder of 1ChP + 1T, over a 6 months feeding period. The results revealed that the hardness and gumminess of control beef were higher than other groups, and the cohesiveness of beef from cattle fed a mixed powder of 1ChP + 1T was lower than other groups (P<0.05). Regarding WHC, the results showed that, on days 0 and 5 of storage, the control group meat had higher cooking losses than either the 1T or a mixture of 1ChP + 1T groups (P<0.05). Also, on 0 and 5 days of retail display, the 1ChP + 1T group showed the highest antioxidant activity when compared to other groups (P<0.05). As for the lipid oxidation in beef, on day 5 of storage MDA level in control beef was higher than the 1T or a mixture of 1ChP + 1T groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the combination of chili pepper and turmeric powder in TMR can improve texture, water holding capacity, and oxidative stability of beef during refrigerated storage. © The Author(s) 202
Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 from Egyptian Mallard Ducks with Nervous Manifestations
No full textIn Egypt, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains of genotype VII are known to be mild in domestic waterfowl and considered reservoirs. This is the first report for the detection of NDV GVII.1.1 from ducks showing severe clinical signs with high mortalities and nervous manifestations, additionally, isolation of NDV and molecular characterization for full HN and F genes were performed. In the current study, 16 backyard mallard duck flocks showing severe nervous signs with high mortalities were investigated by real-time RT-PCR using primers specific for the Fusion gene of NDV and matrix gene for avian influenza virus (AIV). Fourteen duck flocks tested positive for AIV and only two flocks tested positive for NDV infection. NDV was isolated from the trachea and brain of the same duck from each flock then full HN and F genes were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the F and HN genes indicated that these strains were clustered with NDV genotype VII 1.1. The F gene had a specific mutation that cluster them in a new branch with with A11T in the signal peptide, N30S, T324A, and 480K in the hydrophobic heptad repeat (HRc) compared to the Lasota strain. The duck strains of NDV isolated from the brain had N294K in the hydrophobic heptad repeat-b (HRb) of F protein compared to the strains isolated from the trachea of the same duck, which may have a role in crossing the blood-brain barrier. The HN protein had a specific mutation that clustered them in a new branch with mutations of A4V, R15K in the cytoplasmic region, A28T in the transmembrane domain, and S76L in the HRa. In addition, HN protein had A50T, S54R T232N, P392S, and T443V, and multiple mutations were detected in the neutralizing epitopes specific to strains in the present study (N120G, K284R, S521T) that can alter virus antigenicity. The current study indicated the continuous evolution of NDV strains from genotype VII circulating in Egypt with increasing pathogenicity in ducks. The present findings demonstrated the urgent need for the vaccination of ducks and geese with killed NDV vaccines to reduce economic losses due to virus infection and prevent transmission to chickens helping in ND control in Egypt. © The Author(s) 202
The Pharmacokinetics of Ceftazidime Following its Intravenous Administration in Dogs
No full textCeftazidime is a beta-lactam that is used in the treatment of bacterial infections in humans and companion animals, such as dogs and cats. It is prescribed to treat gram-negative infections, especially those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime using a microbiological assay to evaluate the adequacy of the proposed dosage regimens for susceptible gram-negative bacteria. For this purpose, five healthy mongrel male dogs, with a mean age of four years and an average weight of 19.1 kg, were administered a single intravenous bolus dose of ceftazidime (20 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations were measured using a microbiological assay, and dosage regimens were established by integrating pharmacokinetics data with pharmacodynamics parameters. The results showed that ceftazidime was rapidly distributed to the peripheral tissues (0.189 L/kg), with a half-life of 1.15 hours and a clearance rate of 0.166 L/hr./kg. The results obtained from the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic integration suggested 20 mg/kg q8 hours of ceftazidime for susceptible gram-negative bacteria with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ≤ 8 µg/ml, and 20 mg/kg q12 hours of ceftazidime for susceptible gram-negative bacteria with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of ≤ 4 µg/ml. In conclusion, a mild correlation was observed between the dogs’ weight and the ceftazidime half-life, which led to an adjustment of the proposed dosage regimen to 20 mg/kg q8 hours. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 202
Efficacy of Avocado Oil Cream in Wound Repair: Macroscopic Analysis, Inflammatory Cells Count, and Collagen Density
No full textThe wound healing process goes through a series of complex stages that are mutually continuous, namely inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Following wound formation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors, inflammation occurs immediately after the hemostasis phase. Proliferation occurs when products processed by the growth factors are present. The final stage, maturation, is portrayed by the plan of the extracellular network. This study utilized oil from avocado fruit (Persea americana), which contains linoleic and oleic acid content that supports skin tissue repair. The study aimed to explore the effects of using avocado oil cream on the area of wound healing, the number of inflammatory cells, and the collagen density. Twenty-four female mice, aged eight weeks, were used as experimental animals by making excision wounds using a 4 mm biopsy punch on the dorsal skin on the left and right sides. The mice were divided into four groups based on the percentage of avocado oil in the topical cream included Group K (control, topical cream without avocado oil), Group P1 (5 topical avocado oil cream), Group P2 (10 topical avocado oil cream), and Group P3 (15 topical avocado oil cream). Macroscopic examination of the wounds was conducted daily on days 3, 6, and 9 after topical cream treatment using a digital caliper. A total of 48 skin tissue samples were collected from days 3, 6, and 9 after cream application, which were then processed for histopathology evaluations using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson's Trichrome staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to count the inflammatory cells, and Masson's Trichrome staining was employed to assess collagen density. The results revealed that avocado oil had a great impact on wound closure after 9 days of 15 avocado oil cream treatment, reducing the inflammatory cells after 3-6 days of 10 avocado oil cream therapy, and increasing collagen density after 9 days of 15 avocado oil cream application, as compared to the control, non-avocado oil cream group. Avocado oil can help close wounds, reduced the number of inflammatory cells, and increased collagen density when used in topical pharmaceutical formulations. Avocado oil cream may, therefore, be considered a viable option for wound repair treatment. © The Author(s) 2024
Evaluation of Stored Whole Blood and Monitoring the Health of Dogs After Transfusion Using Fresh Whole Blood, Stored Whole Blood, and Packed Red Blood Cells
No full textBlood products have been widely used in emergencies and treatment, necessitating optimal storage conditions to maintain quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the blood quality during storage, transfusion effectiveness, and reactions during and after transfusion in dogs. Five Greyhounds, including three males and two females aged 2.5 years old, and with 25-30 kg bodyweight, were selected and randomly labeled N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5. Fresh whole blood, stored whole blood, and packed red blood cells from the samples dogs were used for transfusion in the study. The investigated parameters were total protein (TP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total carbon dioxide (tCO2), creatine kinase (CK), creatinine (CREA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (GLU), white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), plaletes (PLT), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), manganese (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). The results indicated that all parameters of stored blood samples were in the normal range during 28 days of storage in a refrigerator at 2-4°C. However, some parameters (TP, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, MCV, tCO2, and K) increased, while others (CK, CREA, BUN, GLU, WBC, RBC, HCT, PLT, Ca, P, Cl, Mg, and Na) decreased during the storage period, especially Ca, P, and Na were below the normal range. All dogs indicated no reactions during and 5 hours after transfusion. However, dogs had symptoms of inappetence and mild diarrhea in 1-2 days after transfusion. Dogs received fresh whole blood recovered on day 3, while dogs of the stored blood recipient group recovered on day 4. By day 5, all dogs were healthy with no abnormal signs. The findings indicated the presence of hematological and biochemical alterations in stored blood, highlighting the importance of considering transfusion of stored blood for patients with critical medical conditions. © Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gastrointestinal Helminths in Local (Black Bengal) and Jamunapari Goats of Barishal Sadar, Southern Bangladesh
No full textGastrointestinal helminths are important causes of hindering global goat production. To find the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of Black Bengal and Jamunapari breeds of goats, the current investigation was carried out at Barishal Sadar Upazilla of Barishal district, Bangladesh. The gastrointestinal helminths were identified through coprological examination. A total of 112 fecal samples were collected from household goats across different seasons, breeds, sexes, and ages. During the study period, four types of gastrointestinal helminths were identified based on the presence of helminth eggs in fecal samples. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in goats was found to be 82.1, while the prevalence rates of Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica), Paramphistomum spp., Bunostomum spp., and Hemonchus spp. were 34.8 (95 CI: 1.4–2.5), 22.3 (95 CI: 0.7–1.8), 14.3 (95 CI: 0.1–1.5), and 10.7 (95 CI: 0.2–1.0), respectively. A significantly different prevalence was observed among different gastrointestinal helminths in goats. A significantly lower prevalence of F. gigantica and Paramphistomum spp. was observed in male goats, compared to females. A higher prevalence of F. gigantica was significantly observed during the winter, compared to the summer. The current study elucidates that F. gigantica was more prevalent in female goats. The current study indicated that F. gigantica was more prevalent in female goats. These findings underscore the importance of further research and control measures to manage gastrointestinal helminth infections in goats across southern Bangladesh and other regions with similar environmental conditions. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 202
Effects of Different Methods of Ovulation Induction on Sex Hormones in Serum, and Meat of Rabbit Does
No full textHigh indicators of reproductive function in rabbits can be achieved using hormonal inducers of ovulation, in particular analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, serum, and chorionic gonadotropins. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of sex hormones in the blood serum and meat of rabbit does during ovulation stimulation over 5 consecutive pregnancies. For this purpose, 60 Hyla rabbit does were randomly divided into five groups of 12, ensuring four animals per group with three replicates. Animals of the first and second experimental groups, animals received intramuscular injections of serum gonadotropin, 40 IU and 25 IU respectively, three days prior to artificial insemination. Females of the third and fourth groups were administered combined doses of serum and chorionic gonadotropins (40 IU and 24 IU, respectively) during the same period. Rabbits of the control group were stimulated to ovulate by subcutaneous injection of 0.2 ml analog of gonadotropinreleasing hormone after artificial insemination. Long-term administration of gonadotropins revealed dose-dependent effects. Hyperprogesteronemia was detected in rabbit does (40 IU), while hyperandrogenia was noted in females (24 IU) during the combined administration of gonadotropins. The use of serum gonadotropin at a dose of 25 IU contributed to an increase in the level of follicle-stimulating, luteinizing hormone and progesterone while decreasing 17β-estradiol. A high dose (40 IU) in rabbit does did not cause significant fluctuations of hormones in blood serum, but decreased luteinizing hormone and progesterone. Long-term use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog was accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the level of luteinizing hormone, as well as 17β-estradiol. However, the meat of all experimental animals did not increase the content of steroid hormones (testosterone and 17β-estradiol). It can be concluded that ovulation stimulation in rabbit does using a serum gonadotropin dose of 25 IU and the recommended dose of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog does not negatively impact the hormonal balance. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved
Development of Rapid Detection Kit for Necrotic Enteritis Disease in Poultry using Protein A Agglutination
No full textNecrotic enteritis causes significant losses in the global poultry industry, necessitating accurate diagnosis for effective intervention. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic tool for detecting necrotic enteritis in poultry based on the presence of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) Alpha-toxin in poultry feces. The reagent of the detection kit was developed by conjugation of IgG against C. perfringens toxin and Staphylococcus cells containing protein A. The IgG antibody was derived from an 8-month-old thin-tailed male sheep immunized with purified 2 ml of C. perfringens Alpha-toxin. Sensitivity assays were carried out to determine the detection limit, while Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) were used to identify specificity. A purified Alpha-toxin with a protein concentration of 2.8 mg/ml and a specific molecular weight of 43 kDa was successfully obtained. A strong reaction of the hyperimmune antibody (IgG) was also detected in the thin-tailed male sheep serum. The developed rapid detection kit in this study indicated C. perfringens Alpha-toxin with a lower concentration (12 ng/ml). Agglutination reactions could differentiate positive control from negative without significant cross-reactivity towards other bacteria (S. enteritidis and E. coli). © The Author(s) 202
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli Isolated from Goats in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
No full textEscherichia coli is one of the severe pathogens causing severe diarrhea and resistance to antibiotics in domestic animals, including goats. From April to June 2023, 122 fresh feces of hybrid Boer goats of different ages and genders were collected randomly in the small-scale farms in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, to clarify the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolated from those feces. By the traditional culture method, of 122 samples, 87 fecal samples were positive for E. coli (71.31). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of E. coli among male or female goats and ages ( 6 months). E. coli was detected in goats over 6 months and under 6 months at 76.56 and 65.52, respectively, while 88.20 and 85.42 in male and female goats. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli strains to 7 examined antibiotics was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results indicated that E. coli was sensitive 100 to colistin (10 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20/10 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), doxycycline (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), and 87.50 to ampicillin (10 µg) and bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 1.25/23.75 µg), respectively. However, those E. coli strains were highly resistant to streptomycin (93.75), and 93.67 of E. coli strains were resistant to one to three antibiotics. Among them, the resistant pattern of Ge+Sm (gentamycin + streptomycin) was the most frequent detection (43.75). The prevalence rate of antibiotic resistance genes (blaampC, tetA, qnrA, strA, and sulII) in E. coli strains isolated from goat feces was detected by PCR. Among them, gene blaampC was the most predominant (96.88), followed by qnrA (68.75). Furthermore, 81.25 of E. coli strains harbored two to five antibioticresistance genes, and the gene pattern of blaampC + tetA + qnrA was the most popular (21.88 ). The antibiotic resistance and harbored antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli strains isolated from goat feces increase animal and public health concerns. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved
Effects of Suture Implantation Using Different Suture Materials on the Skin Histopathology, Immune Expression of Interleukin-6, and Hematological Parameters in Rat
No full textSuture implantation is a procedure to promote rearrangement of the extracellular matrix. Various cellular responses of post-suture implantation affect the outcome of this procedure. The current study aimed to analyze the effects of suture implantation using polycaprolactone/polylactic acid/hyaluronic acid (PCL/PLA/HA) on skin histopathology, expression of IL-6, and hematological parameters in rat models. To conduct the study, 25 male Sprague Dawley rats, three months old were randomly divided into five groups, including G1 (control), G2 (sham, group injected using skin cannula), and G3-G5 (suture implanted groups). For the suture-implanted groups, a cannula was used using suture materials. Specifically, G3 received truglyde implants, G4 received PCL/PLA/HA implants, and G5 received polydioxanone (PDO) implants. The back skin and blood samples were collected on day 3. Histopathological analysis was conducted on the samples using H and E, Congo red, immunohistochemistry against IL-6, and hematology. The analysis of the data revealed that the group with suture implantation using PCL/PLA/HA had the smallest wound area, compared to the other implanted groups. Further, the PCL/PLA/HA group showed a significant decrease in eosinophils infiltration and IL-6 level on the skin samples after suture implantation. Moreover, there were no significant differences across the groups in most of the hematological parameters after suture implantation, including total erythrocytes, hemoglobin, eosinophil, basophil, and monocyte levels. The total neutrophils increased after suture implantation in all groups, while the total lymphocytes decreased. It can be concluded that the best material according to parameters evaluated in the current study for suture implantation was PCL/PLA/HA. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved