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Effects of Supplementation of Oregano Essential Oil on the Growth Efficiency and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Broiler Chickens
Get PDFOregano essential oil (OEO) has emerged as a safe, effective, and bioactive additive, increasingly incorporated into feed formulations to enhance the growth performance and overall well-being of broiler chickens. This experiment aimed to investigate the consequences of the dietary supplementation of OEO regarding the growth efficiency, carcass characteristics, and blood biochemical profiles of broiler chickens. The 35-day feeding trial involved 200 unsexed Hubbard Classic broiler chickens with an average initial body weight of 42.79 g. The broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, each comprising five replicates of ten birds. The treatment groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 300 mg/kg (OEO-1), 400 mg/kg (OEO-2), and 500 mg/kg (OEO-3) of OEO, while the untreated group (OEO-0) was fed a basal diet without any additives. Weekly assessments of growth performance metrics were conducted for 5 weeks, and blood parameters were examined once on day 35. The results revealed that OEO-3 treatment had a significant impact on the body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. A considerably increased dressing percentage was observed in the OEO-3 group. The findings indicated that OEO-supplemented groups significantly influenced both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, especially OEO-3, which showed higher HDL and lower LDL levels compared to other treatment and control groups. However, no significant effect was observed on total blood cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the experimental broilers. Incorporating OEO into the diet suggested that the higher doses (500 mg/kg) enhanced growth efficiency, increased HDL cholesterol, and decreased LDL and triglycerides in the blood of broiler chickens
Effects of Fermented Sargassum binderi Meal on Productivity and Egg Quality of Laying Hens
Get PDFBrown algae, such as Sargassum binderi (S. binderi), are abundantly present in marine ecosystems and constitute a valuable natural resource. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of fermented S. binderi meal on the performance of laying hens and egg quality, as well as to establish the safe limits of its usage in the diet of laying hens. The 200 Isa Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to five different treatment groups based on fermented S. binderi levels, including the control group, which received 0% fermented S. binderi, while the other treatment groups received 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% fermented S. binderi, respectively, over six weeks. At the end of the experiment, 80 eggs were assessed for quality. The variables included feed intake, hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio, as well as external egg quality measures such as eggshell weight, percentage of eggshell, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg length, egg width, and egg shape index and internal egg quality parameters including yolk weight, percentage of yolk, albumin weight, percentage of albumin, yolk color index, and haugh unit (HU). The current results indicated that the inclusion of fermented S. binderi at levels of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16% in laying hens’ diets had no significant effect on performance or external and internal egg quality. The utilization of fermented S. binderi is considered safe when incorporated at levels up to 16% within diets for laying hens
NUTRIENT PROFILE, PROTEASE AND CELLULASE ACTIVITIES OF PROTEIN EXTRACTED FROM BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) LARVAE REARED ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES
No full textThe Black Soldier Fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae are recognized for their ability to convert diverse organic materials into protein-rich biomass, depending on the substrate they consume. The composition of these substrates can significantly impact the nutrient profile and enzyme activities of the resulting maggot protein extract (MPE). Therefore, this exploratory research aimed to assess the nutrient content, protease, and cellulase activity of MPE obtained from BSF maggots reared on different substrates, with a specific focus on substrates A (comprising restaurant waste and rejected milk), B (layer manure), and C (kitchen waste). The results showed that maggot meal from layer manure had the highest protein content (45.36) and the lowest fat content (18.44). Amino acids in maggot meal contained high levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Lauric acids were found in maggot meal from kitchen waste (33.79), layer manure (32.18), and restaurant waste and rejected milk (22.94). Maggot meal from layer manure had the highest oleic acid content (15.13). The protein concentration of MPE from various substrates ranged from 0.56 to 0.601 mg/ml (at 60 w/v ammonium sulfate saturation) and 0.555 to 0.609 mg/ml (at 70 ammonium sulfate saturation). The protease activity of MPE from layer manure substrates exhibited optimum activity and stability in neutral to alkaline pH, with activity levels of 0.748 U/mg at pH 7.0 and pH 11.0 (at 60 w/v ammonium sulfate saturation) and 0.774 units/mg at 70 w/v ammonium sulfate saturation. The highest cellulase activity was found in MPE from kitchen waste, which remained stable at pH 5.0–11.0. In general, maggots from different substrate sources exhibited distinct nutrient profiles and enzyme activities. Protein extract from maggots grown in layer manure showed the most suitable nutrient profile for use as an alternative source of protein feed and protease enzymes. © (2024), (Scienceline Publication). All rights reserved
EFFICIENCY OF VACUUM DRIED METHOD ON PHYSICAL, ORGANOLEPTIC AND VIABILITY PROPERTIES OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA SYNBIOTICS
No full textVacuum drying storage is a more efficient storage method for synbiotic feeds, compared to fresh storage. The current study aimed to examine the effect of vacuum drying on the physical, organoleptic, and microbiological qualities of synbiotics made from cabbage and Chinese cabbage greens. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 5x3 factorial pattern with two replications consisting of two factors, namely five levels of drying time (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours) and three levels of storage time (4, 8 and 16 weeks). The variables observed were physical-organoleptic quality in water content, color, odor, and texture, and microbiological quality in the form of total lactic acid bacteria. The results showed no interaction between the two treatments in terms of vacuum drying method, drying time, and storage time. The recommended treatment is drying for 48 hours, as evidenced by the moisture content factor supporting the viability of the lactic acid bacteria and maintaining the sensory properties. This study suggests a more efficient storage method of synbiotics for food applications. © The Author(s) 2024. All Rights Reserved
URACHUS ANOMALY IN SHEEP: INCIDENCE AND CONSIDERATIONS PRESENTED IN NEONATAL LAMBS IN THE PERU
No full textABSTRACT: Over the years, an anomaly has been observed in newborn lambs, manifesting itself as a curvature in their posture and a slight dampness in the navel, known by the locals as “pupote". For this reason, the present study was carried out to document and present for the first time to the scientific community an anomaly of the urachus in sheep and its incidence. In the sampling process, five lambs who died of starvation were selected. The specimens were transported to the Animal Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Zootechnics of the National University of Central Peru. Radiographic analyses were carried out there. Then the incidence was found in the collected records. The incidence of the anomaly is an average of 0.825±0.09. This case highlights the persistence of urachus in newborn lambs, evidenced by the identification of a ligament that establishes a connection between the umbilicus and the liver. Specifically, the ligament identified in the described anomalies corresponds to the ligamentum teres. © The Author(s) 202
EFFECT OF REPLACING CORN WITH THREE FIBRE SOURCES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKEN
No full textThe experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing corn with three dietary fibre sources on the growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chicken. One hundred and forty four one-day old broiler chickens were used for the experiment. The birds were brooded for two weeks on commercial starter diet after which they were subjected to four experimental diets or treatments. The birds were randomly distributed into four treatments with three replicates, each replicate consisting of 12 birds. All birds in each treatment were fed with different diet and weighed at the end of every week. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were designated as treatment T1, T2, T3, T4 while T1 was tagged as a control diet without any source of dietary fibre, T2 as a diet with wheat bran as a source of dietary fibre, T3 as a diet with rice bran as a source of dietary fibre, T4 as a diet with brewers dried grain (BDG) as a source of dietary fibre. There was no significant (p›0.05) difference in the initial weight of the birds across the treatments, but there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the final weight and body weight gain of the birds where T2 had the highest body weight gain and T3 has the lowest body weight gain. This trend was also observed in the carcass. Based on the result of this experiment wheat bran can be used as a source of dietary fibre for better growth performance of broiler chicken at a low inclusion level. © (2024) Scienceline Publication
Effects of Salvia officinalis on Production Characteristics of Laying Hens
No full textDue to the extreme importance of the poultry industry in securing animal proteins for humans, it is necessary to expand the research related to increasing egg production without resorting to antibiotics, which pose significant drawbacks. This study explored the impact of sage plant extracts, known for their bioactive compounds, on the production indicators of laying hens. Thirty chickens were randomly assigned to three groups, including a control group and two experimental groups (T1 and T2) receiving sage plant aqueous extract at 0.1 and 0.2 in their diets, respectively. The egg production percentage, egg weight percentage, percentage of daily feed consumption, feed conversion coefficient, and blood calcium concentrations were measured. The results indicated that supplementation of sage extract in the diet of the laying hens under study increased daily egg production percentage and daily egg yield significantly in group T2 (87.63, 59.7 eggs/day) and improved average egg weight (68.23 grams) in group T1. Moreover, there was no significant difference in daily feed consumption among the tested hens. A notable reduction was also observed in the feed conversion ratio to 2.09 in group T2. © The Author(s) 202
Effects of Natural Guard Liquid (an Essential Oil-Based Product) on Growth Performance, Hematological Profile, and Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens
No full textNatural guard liquid (NGL) is an immunomodulator consisting of an essential oil blend (lavender oil, eucalyptus oil, and pine oil) that can improve the immunity (IgG) of animals. The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of a mixture of NGL comprising of essential oil (eucalyptus, lavender, and pine oil) on growth performance, hematological profile, and antibody titer response to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Lohman strain broiler chickens. A total of 400-day-old unsexed broiler chickens with an average weight of 42.48 ± 2.08 g were randomly distributed into four groups, each comprising two replications with 50 chicks. The control group, T0, received no essential oil, while other treatment groups, T1, T2, and T3, were administered NGL at 80, 100, and 200 ppm, respectively. The mixture was administered in drinking water for 30 days. The animals had received vaccinations at the Hatchery, including active NDV, inactive NDV, and Gumboro. Regular recordings were made for feed consumption, water intake, mortality, and body weight. Blood samples for routine hematological examination (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, packed cell volume, erythrocyte index, leucocytes, and differential leucocytes) and immune parameter (NDV antibody titer) assessment were collected at the onset as well as after 15 and 30 days of treatment. The hemoglobin levels, erythrocytes, total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and Heterophil-lymphocyte index showed significant differences in groups T1 and T2 compared to T0. While the NDV antibody titer showed a significant difference at T2 compared to T0, it was not significantly different at T1 and T3. The best results and performance was indicated in T2 (100 ppm), characterized by body weight (1,839 g), and feed conversion ratio (1.573). The hematological profile in the T2 group included hemoglobin (11.78 g/dL), total erythrocytes (2.82 ×106 u/L), total leukocytes (52.67 ×103 u/L), and the NDV antibody titer (48 ± 10.20) in the fifth week. In conclusion, the optimum dose of NGL is 100 ppm, which significantly influences growth performance, hematological profile, and antibody titer against NDV. © The Author(s) 202
The effect of neurotropic supplements on lactogenesis in female pigs and the development of their offspring
No full textThe aim of study was to evaluate the influence of biologically active additives on the hormonal status of lactating sows and the absolute growth of suckling piglets. Glutam 1M, nanoaquachelates of germanium (NPs-Ge) and Quatronan-Se (Cu-NPs, Se-NPs, Cr-NPs, Ge-NPs, Mn-NPs) have been administered orally (lat. per os) for animals in different percentage doses and schemes. Five animals groups have been formed by the method of analogues: control (20 ml physiological solution) and four experimental (group M: 18 mg/kg Glutam 1M; group G18: 5 μg/kg Ge-NP + 18 mg/kg Glutam 1M; group G9: 5 μg/kg Ge-NP + 9 mg/kg Glutam 1M; and group Q: Quatronan-Se (0.02 ml/kg) administered for 14 days). Results showed positive effects of the use of supplements on prolactin secretion. Administration of 5 mg/kg live weight NPs-Ge for sows G18 and G9 for 4 days before the farrowing increased the level of prolactin in the blood serum. On farrowing day, the hormone level in these groups was 14.6 ng/ml (G18) and 13.42 ng/ml (G9), while in K and M groups it was 12.02 and 9.94 ng/ml, respectively. On the day of weaning, the highest prolactin content has been observed in the G18 group as 14.9 ng/ml. Also, suckling piglets from this group have had the highest growth during the studied period. During the entire suckling period, the growth of piglets in the G18 group was 3.65 kg and was higher compared to the K (2.94 kg), M (3.58 kg), G9 (3.31 kg) and Q (3.44 kg) groups. It's suggested that the scheme introduction of Germanium (5 mg/kg) additives, 4 days before and 10 days after farrowing + Glutam 1M (18 mg/kg) 3 days after farrowing is the most effective (group G18) in means of growth performance
Value of horse manure for renewable energy production: anaerobic digestion, biogas generation, and contributions to sustainable development
No full textThere are various methods like composting, combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion to convert animal wastes that harm the environment into various bio-products. Horse manure containing lower ash and higher rate of lignin compositions can be potentially reuse as a valuable feedstock in anaerobic digestion method to produce nutrient-rich digestate (bio-fertilizer) clean and cheap biofuels, and bio-energy to replace the cost effective fossil fuels which not only make climate change but harms our health by generating toxic emissions and contamination of soil and water. Therefore, converting bio wastes into useful green resources especially using anaerobic co-digestion is necessary to reduce their adverse environmental impact and can contributes towards the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13 and 15. As can be seen today, various animal manure types have begun to be used in different situations for their green benefits. This review aimed to provide an overview of the transformation of horse manure into compost, biogas in terms of its preferability as a renewable energy source or a value-added product that mitigate the environmental problems and contribute to the SDGs specially 7, 9, 12, and 13. The potential of animal manure to produce biomaterials, organic acids, biofuels and bioenergy is clear. Therefore, bioprocesses or biorefineries using this biomass as raw material may be promising in the near future in the context of bioeconomy, may help increase renewable energy production and may become capable of promoting innovation that boosts the value of livestock-derived organic fertilizers. There are still needs to extend the development of technologies for converting on-site bio waste resources to useful forms, exploring new and safe biological conversion pathways and bio waste processing methods