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Biyo-esaslı ve Çevre Duyarlı Aşı Hidrojellerin Hazırlanması, Karakterizasyonu ve Uranil İyonları ile Etkileşimleri
No full textTürkiye’de Nocardia İnfeksiyonları: 10 Yıllık Çok Merkezli Klinik ve Mikrobiyolojik Analiz
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Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterizations of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) genotypes naturally grown in the Eastern Central Anatolia region of Türkiye
No full textWild rosehip (Rosa canina L.) is a valuable genetic resource due to its broad geographic distribution, high adaptability, and economic and medicinal significance. Despite its importance, comprehensive analyses of its morphological, pomological, and biochemical diversity remain limited. Understanding this variation is crucial for breeding programs focused on improving fruit quality and stress resilience. Additionally, molecular characterization provides insights into genetic relationships, supporting conservation efforts and the selection of superior genotypes. Twenty-nine wild R. canina genotypes were evaluated based on morphological, pomological, and biochemical traits. Fruit weight varied from 0.81 to 2.39 g, fruit width from 9.02 to 14.75 mm, and fruit length from 15.23 to 28.93 mm. The fruit-flesh ratio ranged between 64.22 and 90.93 %, while soluble solid content varied from 13.8 to 17.1 % Brix. Among the phenolic compounds, catechin (91.37 mg/100 g), aminobenzoic acid (71.95 mg/100 g), and epicatechin (67.76 mg/100 g) exhibited the highest variation. Total phenolic content ranged from 2507.14 to 3736.55 mg GAE/100 g, while vitamin C content varied between 424.62 and 616.36 mg AsAE/100 g. Molecular characterization using ISSR markers revealed high genetic diversity, with a polymorphism rate of 85.51 %. Genetic similarity among genotypes ranged from 0.55 to 0.84, and UPGMA clustering analysis grouped them into two major clusters. Among the studied genotypes, ‘K7’, ‘K9’, ‘K15’, ‘K25’, and ‘K29’ emerged as superior selections due to their outstanding biochemical composition, fruit quality, and genetic distinctiveness. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the first three principal components accounted for 46.62 % of the total variation. PC1 (19.59 %) was primarily associated with total phenolic content (0.35), vitamin C (0.35), and total flavonoids (0.34), underscoring their role in antioxidant capacity. PC2 (15.74 %) was influenced by seed weight (0.42), fruit weight (0.39), and seed number (0.32), emphasizing the trade-off between seed load and edible fruit content. PC3 (11.28 %) was linked to leaf area (0.41) and leaf length (0.40), reflecting their impact on plant vigor. Multiple regression analysis further confirmed that total phenolic content was significantly correlated with vitamin C (β = 1.00, p ≤ 0.00), suggesting their potential as selection criteria in breeding programs. This study demonstrates the significant genetic and phenotypic diversity in wild R. canina genotypes, highlighting their potential for breeding and conservation. The observed morphological and biochemical variations provide essential insights for selecting genotypes with desirable agronomic and nutritional attributes. High heterozygosity suggests strong adaptability to environmental conditions, vital for sustaining genetic diversity in natural populations. Clustering and molecular analyses further support the selection of promising genotypes for targeted breeding strategies
Sınıf öğretmenlerinin çevre bilincine sahip olma durumları ile sürdürülebilir çevre tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
No full textComparisons of the Bonding Strength of Heat-Treated Composite Resins to Different CAD/CAM Ceramics
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength of pre-heated composite resins used in the repair of CAD/CAM ceramic materials.Material and Method: Samples prepared from Feldspathic ceramic (VITABlocs Mark II, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), Hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Vita Suprinity, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany) CAD/CAM materials were fixed in autopolymerised acrylic. The samples were separated into two groups (n=10) according to the temperature of the composite resin. As the surface procedure, 9% hydrofluoric porcelain acid (Ultradent Products Inc., Cologne, Germany) was applied to the ceramic surface for 20 seconds. In accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, Monobond was applied for 20 seconds and Heliobond for 10 seconds. The composite resins at different temperatures (23±2°C, 65°C) were placed in silicone moulds (4mm diameter, 2mm height) and polymerised. The bonding strength of the samples was measured in a Universal test device and the data were analyzed using the Two-way ANOVA and Tukey test in SPSS vn. 23.00 software.Results: The highest bonding strength value (60.58 MPa) was obtained in Group VS-RT and the lowest (4.36 MPa) in Group VB-PHT. No significant difference was observed between Group VB and Group VE (p&gt;0.05). A significant difference was determined in Group VS. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the results showed that heat-treated composite resin reduced the bonding strength of Vita Suprinity material and increased the bonding strength of Feldspathic and Vita Enamic ceramics.</jats:p
Small non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets with delivery strategies in cancer treatment and their clinical applications
No full textRecent advances in RNA biology have revealed unexpected diversity and complexity in RNA molecules and in cellular RNA metabolism. While protein-coding genes have taken center stage for decades, attention has significantly shifted toward the silent majority of the human genome, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Aberrant ncRNA expression is closely linked to critical processes involved in cancer, including cell growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. As such, ncRNAs represent promising targets for cancer therapy and are critical molecular markers for cancer prediction and prognosis, providing guidance for clinical decision-making. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), tRNA-derived small RNAs (tRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), arerdysregulatedarious cancers. These molecules can influence cancer progression through various mechanisms, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications, epigenetics, and signal transduction pathways. Therefore, these small molecules hold significant promise as cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. RNA technology offers promise as a therapeutic intervention for targeted gene silencing in cancer, and several RNA-based formulations are being evaluated in clinical trials for this purpose. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of cancer development, identifying specific therapeutic targets, and developing effective drug delivery systems are essential. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is also significant for the future development of RNA-targeted therapies. Carrier systems that facilitate the effective and safe delivery of small noncoding RNA-based therapeutics are crucial for successful clinical applications. RNA therapeutics must be delivered to the relevant organ and cell type and efficiently across the cell membrane to perform their intracellular functions. However, achieving therapeutic success requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving cancer, precise identification of therapeutic targets, and development of efficient and safe delivery systems for these agents. This review examines the biogenesis of sncRNAs, their mechanisms of action, nanoformulation strategies, and studies focusing on sncRNA delivery systems. In addition, we present the cancer-fighting potential of RNA and RNA-related therapies and examine the current status of sncRNA therapeutics in the clinical trials
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical performance of hydraulic breaker alloys
No full textHydraulic breaker is a frequently used piece of equipment in construction and industrial fields. With the advancement of modern industrial technology, users have come to demand higher standards. Therefore, construction equipment has to offer high structural stability, performance, and efficiency. In this study, the effects of austenitizing and tempering processes on the mechanical strength of AISI 4140-4340 steels for rock breaking applications were investigated. Microstructural alterations were examined using optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical characteristics of the steels were assessed through tensile, hardness, and impact tests. At 250 C, isothermal retention formed bainite and tempered martensite. At 300 and 350 C, isothermal retention produced bainite and untempered martensite. Austempering produced lower hardness but higher impact toughness than quenching and tempering