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SOSYAL BİLGİLER EĞİTİMİNDE ÜST DÜZEY DÜŞÜNME BECERİLERİ İÇİN ALGORİTMA KULLANIMI
No full textÖNSÖZGünümüz sosyal ve bilişsel dünyasıinsan davranışlarını görünmez bir düzen içinde yapılandıran sistematikörüntüler tarafından şekillendirilmektedir. Bu örüntüler farklı disiplinlerdefarklı adlarla anılsa da özünde birer karar akışı, işlem mantığı ve veri-tepkiilişkisi taşır. Matematikte işlev, sosyolojide alışkanlık, psikolojide bilişselşema, bilgisayar biliminde algoritma olarak karşımıza çıkan bu yapılar insanınçevresiyle kurduğu ilişkinin ardındaki düzenleyici mantığı temsil eder.Algoritma kavramı insanın bilişsel becerileri açısından değerlendirildiğindedüşüncenin akışını belirli aşamalara ayırma, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyiaçık seçik tanımlama ve sonuç üretme becerisini ifade eder. Bireylerinrutinleri planlarken izlediği adımlar, sosyal etkileşimde tekrarlardan oluşandavranış örüntüleri, bir kararın gerekçelendirilmesi sırasında kullanılanmantıksal silsileler hep aynı zihinsel mekanizmanın uzantısıdır.Toplumsal yaşam giderek daha fazlaveriye dayalı süreçlerle çevrilirken bireylerin bu yapıları fark etme,çözümleme ve dönüştürme kapasitesi temel bir yetkinlik haline gelmiştir. Moderntoplumun hızla değişen bağlamlarında karar alma süreçlerinin başarıya ulaşması,karmaşık durumları parçalara ayırarak yorumlayabilme ve çözüm üretme becerisinebağlıdır. Bu beceri insanların karşılaştığı problemleri yapılandırılmış düşünmebiçimleriyle işleme zorunluluğunu beraberinde getirir. Bu zihinsel çerçeveteknolojik alanlara ait bir gereklilik ve ekonomik tercihlerden günlük zamanyönetimine, sosyal ilişkilerden bireysel öğrenme stratejilerine kadar geniş biralanda işleyen temel bir bilişsel pratiktir.Eğitim ortamlarında algoritmikdüşünmenin sistematik olarak yer alması öğrencilerin dijital çağın gerektirdiğibilişsel esnekliği kazanmasına ve yaşamın farklı alanlarında karşılaştıklarıbelirsizlikleri daha tutarlı biçimde yönetmesine katkı sağlar. Öğretimsüreçleri teknik olarak başarılı hazırlanmış içeriklerin yanı sıra problemçözme, akıl yürütme ve karar süreçlerini düzenleyen bilişsel yapıların doğasınıtanıtan kuramsal yaklaşımlarla da zenginleştiğinde anlam kazanır. Öğrencileringündelik yaşamda zaten karşılaştığı algoritmik örüntüleri fark etmeyi öğrenmesieğitimi soyut bir bilgi aktarımı olmaktan çıkararak yaşamla doğrudan temas edenbir öğrenme deneyimine dönüştürür. Böyle bir yaklaşım eleştirel düşünmeningelişmesine katkı verir. Birey kendi düşünme süreçlerini, alışkanlıklarını veeylem kalıplarını analiz edebildiğinde hem dijital teknolojilerle daha bilinçlietkileşime girer hem de öğrenme yolculuğunu daha etkili biçimde yönetir. Eğitimsistemlerinin bu bütüncül bakışı merkeze alması, algoritmik düşünmenin yaşamındoğal bir bileşeni olarak görülmesini kolaylaştırır ve öğrencilerin çağınzihinsel gereksinimleriyle uyumlu bir öğrenme kültürü geliştirmesini sağlar.Bu bakış açısına sosyal bilgilereğitimi penceresinden katkı sağlamak adına yazdığımız, büyük ölçüde doktoraöğrencim Dr. Nagihan Evci’nin emek ve özverileriyle şekillenmiş kitabımızınakademisyenlere ve öğretmenlere umduğumuz katkıyı sağlamasını dilerim.Prof. Dr. Erkan YEŞİLTAŞPREFACEThe modern social and cognitive world is shaped by systematic patterns that structure human behavior within an invisible order. Although these patterns are known by different names in different disciplines, they essentially carry a decision flow, a logic of operation, and a data-response relationship. These structures, which appear as functions in mathematics, habits in sociology, cognitive schemas in psychology, and algorithms in computer science, represent the regulatory logic behind the relationship between humans and their environment. When the concept of an algorithm is evaluated in terms of human cognitive abilities, it refers to the ability to divide the flow of thought into specific stages, clearly define the relationship between variables, and produce results. The steps individuals follow when planning their routines, the behavioral patterns consisting of repetitions in social interaction, and the logical sequences used when justifying a decision are all extensions of the same mental mechanism.As social life is increasingly surrounded by data-driven processes, the capacity of individuals to recognize, analyze, and transform these structures has become a fundamental competency. In the rapidly changing contexts of modern society, the success of decision-making processes depends on the ability to break down complex situations into parts, interpret them, and produce solutions. This skill necessitates processing the problems people encounter using structured ways of thinking. This mental framework is a requirement of technological fields and a fundamental cognitive practice that operates in a wide range of areas, from economic choices to daily time management, from social relationships to individual learning strategies.The systematic inclusion of algorithmic thinking in educational settings contributes to students gaining the cognitive flexibility required by the digital age and managing uncertainties they encounter in different areas of life more consistently. Teaching processes gain meaning when they are enriched not only with technically well-prepared content but also with theoretical approaches that introduce the nature of cognitive structures that regulate problem-solving, reasoning, and decision-making processes. Learning to recognize algorithmic patterns that students already encounter in daily life transforms education from an abstract transfer of information into a learning experience directly connected to life. Such an approach contributes to the development of critical thinking. When individuals can analyze their own thought processes, habits, and action patterns, they both interact more consciously with digital technologies and manage their learning journey more effectively. Education systems that prioritize this holistic perspective facilitate the view of algorithmic thinking as a natural component of life and enable students to develop a learning culture aligned with the intellectual needs of the age.I hope that this book, which we have written to contribute to this perspective from the standpoint of social studies education and which has been largely shaped by the efforts and dedication of my doctoral student, Dr. Nagihan Evci, will provide the expected contribution to academics and teachers.Prof. Dr. Erkan YEŞİLTAŞ</p
The Effect of Pulsed UV Light on Biochemical Changes: Quail Egg Model for Salmonella Typhimurium Inactivation
No full textFoodborne Salmonella infections pose a critical threat to public health and the disinfection potential of non-thermal technologies such as pulsed UV light is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical changes in quail eggs at varying process parameters in the model application of pulsed UV light for Salmonella Typhimurium inactivation. In this context, pulsed UV light was applied to quail eggs at distances of 5, 8, and 13 cm and durations of 20, 40, and 60 s. Salmonella Typhimurium inactivation was observed in all quail eggs depending on the treatment distance and duration and biochemical changes in quail eggs were evaluated in terms of thiobarbituric acid, phenolic and antioxidant content, fatty acid composition and color change. Salmonella inactivation was observed in all treatments. However, phenolic and antioxidant contents decreased for the longest time and at the closest distance in the application processes, while thiobarbituric acid and linoleic acid content (control:13.35%→5D60S:25.51%) increased. The increase in the amount of linoleic acid in 5D60S and 5D40S was higher than that in other samples. Although pulsed UV light is effective in Salmonella inactivation, long duration/close distance applications may adversely affect product quality. These findings emphasize the importance of parameter optimization in the food industry and reveal the need to develop protocols that are safe but minimize quality loss
2024 SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI’NDA YER ALAN VATANSEVERLİK DEĞERİNİN 5.SINIF SOSYAL BİLGİLER DERS KİTABI’NA YANSIMASI
No full textMagnetic deep eutectic solvents for vortex-assisted liquid phase microextraction method for selective and green extraction of patulin from fruits and fruit juices
No full textIn this study, a vortex assisted magnetic deep eutectic solvent based liquid phase microextraction (VA-MDES-LPME) technique was developed for the extraction of patulin prior to its determination by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis). For this purpose, the use of a magnetic deep eutectic solvent (MDES) consisting of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride, MnCl2, and octanoic acid (molar ratio 1:2:2) was tested to perform an efficient extraction. Important experimental parameters (MDES-3 vol, pH, vortex time, and ethanol volume) were optimized using Box-Behnken Design. Under optimum conditions (MDES-3 vol 560 µL, pH 3.5, vortex time 300 s, and ethanol volume 300 µL), the limits of detection for the model solution and matrix-matched solution were 0.06 ng mL−1 and 0.37 ng mL−1, and the calibration ranges were 0.2–400 ng mL−1 and 1.2–300 ng mL−1, respectively. Furthermore, the extraction recovery was calculated to be 96.3–97.4 % with a low relative standard deviation (2.1–2.5 %). The VA-MDES-LPME technique was successfully applied for the determination of patulin from fruit and juice samples with an enrichment factor between169 and 185
Theoretical prediction of corrosion inhibition by ionic liquid derivatives: a DFT and molecular dynamics approach
No full textIonic liquids (ILs) have recently attracted significant attention in many domains, particularly as potential corrosion inhibitors owing to their outstanding properties, including low vapor pressure, high thermal and chemical stability, and the ability to be tailored for specific applications. Their effectiveness results mainly from their ability to strongly interact with metal surfaces, often via electrostatic and chemical interactions, thereby forming a protective barrier against corrosion. This study investigated three ionic liquids (ILs), namely, 3-(5-ethoxy-5-oxopentyl)-1-phenethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide ([5E5O-Imid] Br), 3-(6-ethoxy-6-oxohexyl)-1-phenethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide ([6E6O-Imid] Br), and 3-(4-acetoxybutyl)-1-phenethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide ([4AB-Imid] Br). This study aimed to assess the ILs' ability and efficiency to prevent mineral corrosion to understand the underlying mechanisms, as well as to identify the appropriate materials and timing prior to their experimental application. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to predict the electronic properties and reactivity of the molecules under investigation. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to model the atomic-scale interactions between the ILs and metallic surfaces, offering in-depth insights into the adsorption mechanisms and interactions responsible for corrosion inhibitions