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Biochemical properties, organic acid composition, and mineral content of black (Morus nigra L.), white (M. alba L.), and red (M. rubra L.) mulberry genotypes
No full textMulberries (Morus spp.) represent a fruit crop of considerable agricultural, economic, and medicinal importance. In the present study, 22 genotypes belonging to M. nigra (black mulberry), M. alba (white mulberry), and M. rubra (red mulberry) were evaluated for their pomological traits, biochemical composition, and mineral content. Among the investigated genotypes, ‘Çınar-4’ exhibited the highest soluble solids concentration (43.9%), whereas ‘Çüngüş−5’ produced the largest fruits (5.00 g, 27.18 mm in length). The genotype ‘Sur-3’ displayed the maximum total phenolic content (98.02 mg GAE 100 g−1 FW) and antioxidant capacity (17.3 µmol Trolox g−1 FW). Multiple regression analysis (MRA) identified total phenolic content (β = 0.56, p ≤ 0.001) and chlorogenic acid (β = 0.35, p ≤ 0.05) as the major determinants of antioxidant potential. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the first three principal components accounted for 54.73% of the overall variance. Heat map analysis (HMA) further separated the genotypes into distinct clusters, with ‘Silvan-1’ emerging as the most mineral-dense genotype, particularly rich in potassium and calcium. Collectively, these findings provide an in-depth characterization of the biochemical and nutritional diversity within mulberry germplasm, underscoring their value for functional food development and genetic improvement strategies. In particular, ‘Sur-3’ is highlighted as a superior candidate for its elevated phenolic and antioxidant profile, while ‘Silvan-1’ is distinguished by its exceptional mineral composition
Coupled effects of magnetic fields and hydrogenic impurities on the absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in multilayer-quantum dot systems
No full textThis study investigates the optical characteristics of multilayered spherical quantum dots (MSQDs) through the application of the finite element method (FEM). We systematically examine the effects of varying layer dimensions, the presence of a shallow hydrogenic donor impurity, and the application of an external magnetic field on the linear, third-order nonlinear, and total optical absorption coefficients (OACs), as well as refractive index variations. The results reveal strong correlations between structural parameters, magnetic field and shallow donor impurity. In particular, small adjustments in layer thicknesses lead to significant changes in both linear and third-order nonlinear absorption, underscoring the critical influence of quantum confinement. Moreover, the magnetic field is shown to play a pivotal role in tuning the optical properties of the system, markedly affecting both absorption behavior and refractive index modulation. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of how geometrical parameters, impurity presence, and magnetic fields collectively influence the optoelectronic properties of MSQDs. These findings not only deepen fundamental insight but also offer strategic guidance for the design of advanced nanophotonic devices with tailored optical functionalities
Properties of the Set of L∞ Trajectories of the Control Systems With Limited Control Resources
No full textIn this paper, the set of trajectories of the control system described by Urysohn type integral equation is considered. It is assumed that the system is nonlinear with respect to the state vector and affine with respect to the control vector. The closed ball of the space (Formula presented.), is chosen as the set of admissible control functions. The trajectory of the system is defined as multivariable Lebesgue measurable function from the space (Formula presented.) that satisfies the system's equation almost everywhere. Boundedness of the set of trajectories is shown, and it is proved that every sequence of trajectories has a subsequence that converges almost everywhere to a system's trajectory. Existence of the optimal process in the optimal control problem with linear quality functional is presented. It is shown that every trajectory is robust with respect to the fast consumption of the remaining control resource and the set of trajectories as a set valued map depending on (Formula presented.) is continuous with respect to (Formula presented.) in the Hausdorff pseudometric generated by the norm of the space (Formula presented.)
Yazma Eğitiminin İki Yüzü: Sınıf Öğretmenlerine Metin Yazmayı Öğretme Öz-Yeterlik İnancı İle 3 ve 4. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Hikaye Yazma Tutumu
No full textDuygusal Zekâ Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun Normal Ve Üstün Yetenekli Çocuklarda Psikometrik Özellikleri
No full textSynthesis, Biological Evaluation, Antiproliferative Activity, and Computational Insights of Carboxamide Derivatives: A Computational and Experimental Approach
No full textThe discovery of therapeutic agents is important for cancer treatment. Although dozens of agents have been used in cancer treatments, cancer continues to be a serious disease with a high mortality rate. There is an urgent need for the discovery of new anticancer agents, especially for the long-term treatment of prostate cancer. Thanks to the expansion of cancer-related data, we now can synthesize new therapeutic agents using biological methods. Carboxamide derivatives (5a–r compounds) were synthesized as a potential anticancer agent. Cell proliferation assays showed that they had antiproliferative activity against the human prostate cancer cell line PC3, particularly at the 25 μM dose. In summary, our findings revealed that 5g–l and 5m–r groups are effective agents against the prostate cancer cell line. In conclusion, Gaussian calculations were carried out in order to investigate carboxamide derivatives (5a–r compounds) at the B3LYP, HF, and M062X levels, using the 6–31++g(d,p) basis set. Molecular docking calculations were carried out on a variety of proteins, including the protein that is associated with prostate cancer (PDB ID: 3RUK and 3A99). Calculations using the ADME/T method are carried out in order to investigate the potential effects and reactions of these medicines on human metabolism
Synthesis, spectroscopic, DNA/BSA, Molecular Docking, and DFT studies of pyridine bis-benzimidazole compounds containing cinnamyl groups
No full textThis study analyzed the structures of novel pyridine bis-benzimidazole compounds containing mono- (ASM) and di-cinnamyl (DSM) groups using analytical and spectroscopic methods. The binding properties of the molecules to DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied using UV-Vis absorption under physiological conditions. Compound ASM, which has an asymmetric structure, showed the highest DNA binding constant. The interactions of ASM and DSM with fish sperm DNA (FSds-DNA) were investigated through UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy using competitive DNA binding assays with rhodamine B (RB), ethidium bromide (EB), and methylene blue (MB). Binding studies with BSA revealed that compound ASM displayed the highest Ksv value. Molecular docking results showed that compound ASM exhibited a higher binding affinity with DNA, at -12.00 kcal/mol. Docking studies indicated that DSM demonstrated a higher activity affinity with BSA at -10.77 kcal/mol. These docking studies indicated that both compounds bind to DNA through a groove binding mechanism, with their binding sites on BSA located near Trp213. Computational analyses of the compounds were performed at the B3LYP-D3/6-31+G(d) level in a vacuum
Defect-engineered BiO1-xBr/BiOI1-x-CdS dual S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic cefixime degradation
No full textBackground The persistence of pharmaceutical contaminants such as cefixime (CFX) in aquatic systems poses serious environmental and health risks. Developing defect-engineered photocatalysts with efficient charge separation and enhanced visible-light activity is a critical strategy for wastewater remediation. Methods Hierarchical BiO1-xBr/BiOI1-x-CdS multicomponent heterostructure was rationally constructed via hydrothermal synthesis by integrating BiO1-xBr/BiOI1-x microflakes with CdS nanoflowers. The introduction of oxygen and iodine vacancies tailored the electronic configuration and strengthened interfacial coupling. Structural, spectroscopic, and photoelectrochemical analyses were performed to evaluate charge separation and transfer pathways. Photocatalytic activity was tested through CFX degradation under visible light. Reactive species trapping, electron spin resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have employed to identify active species and degradation intermediates. Findings The defect-engineered heterojunction exhibited a dual S-scheme charge transfer pathway that promoted efficient electron-hole separation and accelerated carrier migration due to the phenomenon of internal electric field and band bending, hence improving the CFX photodegradation efficiency. The BiO1-xBr/BiOI1-x-CdS photocatalytic system demonstrated a remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CFX, reaching approximately 95.8 % within 120 min under visible light at pH 6.0–6.5. In comparison to ternary, the CdS, BiO1-xBr, BiOI1-x, and BiO1-xBr/BiOI1-x reported photocatalytic reductions of only ∼46 %, ∼53 %, ∼62 %, and ∼79.4 % within same time period. Reactive species trapping and electron spin resonance analysis revealed that hydroxyl (.OH) and superoxide (-O2.) radicals were the dominant oxidative agents driving the degradation process. The catalyst maintained high structural integrity and stable photocatalytic activity over five consecutive cycles
Green synthesis of CuO adsorbent using Polygonum sivasicum for efficient adsorptive removal of Tetracycline hydrochloride
No full textGreen synthesis offers an environmentally sound and efficient route to producing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs (G)), which demonstrate significant potential for removing antibiotics from wastewater. This research details the production of CuO nanoparticles using an extract from the Polygonum sivasicum plant through a green synthesis approach. The resulting nanoparticles underwent comprehensive characterization using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. Optimal conditions for tetracycline removal were identified as pH 5.0, a 24-h contact period, an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L with 328 K temperature. Under these conditions, an initial pollutant concentration of 250 mg/L resulted in an 89% removal efficiency. The Langmuir isotherm model estimated a maximum adsorption capacity of 217.39 mg/g, and kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process aligns with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic analysis of tetracycline removal using CuO NPs (G) revealed its endothermic nature. The findings of this study underscore the advantages of employing a green synthesis method for producing CuO NPs (G) for tetracycline removal, particularly its economic viability and environmental compatibility. Furthermore, this work establishes the feasibility of synthesizing CuO NPs (G) from organic waste via green synthesis for the effective elimination of tetracycline