International Journal of Care Scholars (IJCS)
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Nurse-Led Interventions for Diabetes Education: A Literature Review
Full text linkBackground: The incidence of blindness is escalating to 439 billion patients by 2030. This study aims to review studies of health education related to diabetic retinopathy that have been implemented to inform nurse-led intervention to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: A comprehensive search of the database was performed from October 2021 until March 2022. The databases include CINAHL, EMERALD insight, SAGE, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct. The Medical Subject Headings database was used to derive the following keywords: ‘T2DM' OR ‘Diabetes Mellitus type 2’, Diabetic Retinopathy’ OR ‘Diabetic eye’ OR ‘retinopathies') AND ‘education’, self-care’, ‘visual quality of life’, ‘mHealth’. All studies in English pertaining to the type of teaching and the effects of education on the visual quality of life among T2DM patients were included. Type 1 diabetes mellitus studies were excluded. Analysis of the themes arising from the results was performed.
Results: The search yielded 868 articles, of which 27 met our criteria. The studies ranged from cross-sectional, controlled studies, quasi-experimental studies, and qualitative studies. Overall, there was three types of health education interventions: personalised, group-based, and technology-based.
Conclusion: There is paucity in nurse-led health education about diabetic retinopathy in East Asia. It appears that conventional health education helpful, but the mobile application might be an option to provide better health education, with an emphasis on diabetic retinopathy components
A Critical Reflection on Integrating Gardening Activities into Psychiatric Patient Care from The Nurses' Perspectives
Full text linkBackground: Gardening has multiple physical and mental health tangible benefits. However, gardening has never been fully implemented in healthcare settings where patient care is prioritized. Objective: This study aimed to explore how mental health nurses in Brunei perceive gardening activities as part of their patient care. Methods: In this descriptive qualitative study, thematic analysis of four focus group discussions (n= 22 nurses) in one psychiatric department in Brunei Darussalam was identified through purposive sampling. Findings: Three overarching themes arose from the analysis (1) Safety during gardening, (2) Maintaining the interest, (3) Coordinating the activity. Conclusion: The nurses in this study highlighted the significant benefits of gardening for patients, but they still consider that consultation and medication are the most critical aspects of patient care. However, gardening can still be interwoven into patient care as a complementary therapy offered to patients as part of their discharge plan and recovery process
Nurses' Understanding of Ethical Dimension of Using Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
Full text linkBackground: Electronic Health Records (EHRs) undoubtedly offer various advantages over the paperwork system. However, the utilisation of EHRs has been questioned, particularly among nurses, who are the leading users of EHRs among other healthcare professions. Objective: This study aimed to explore the nurses' understanding of ethical concerns with using EHRs. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study design was applied in this study. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit ten nurses, which proved sufficient to achieve data saturation. Semi-structured individual via phone interviews and face to face was conducted in August 2021 and audio recorded. A qualitative thematic analysis approach was utilised. Findings: Three overarching themes arose from the analysis: (1) Access to patient information, (2) Disclosure of patient information, (3) Maintaining ethical integrity. Conclusions: The research showed that nurses knew the ethical considerations surrounding patient information access and disclosure. However, concerns were raised about inappropriate access and sharing of personal EHR accounts and passwords. Additionally, the nurses felt that an ethical code alone would not discourage nurses from inappropriately using EHRs. Consequently, it highlights the need to revise the current ethical codes to include measures to maintain health data integrity
The Relationship between Gadget Usage and the Mental Emotional State of Schoolchildren during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkIntroduction: The COVID?19 pandemic and associated public health measures have disrupted the mental health or well-being of children in some way. It is already evident that the increased use of gadgets and excessive screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents has a significant influence on mental and emotional well-being among children. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between device usage and the mental-emotional state of schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. A questionnaire survey was employed using the Malay Parent-Report Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, conducted among 232 parents of schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to draw insights from the data. Results: The findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between gadget usage (including the duration of playing a gadget per day, the frequency of playing a gadget per week, the type of gadget, ownership of the gadget, and the use of a gadget) and mental emotional state among schoolchildren (p value ? 0.05).Conclusion: The outcomes of the study indicate that the pattern of electronic gadget usage has significantly impacted schoolchildren's mental and emotional states
The Impact of Tracheostomy Timing (Early and Late) on Severe Head Injury Patients Toward Clinical Outcomes
Full text linkIntroduction: Severe head injury patients require a specific treatment plan and nursing care to achieve an optimal clinical outcome. Mild head injury patients may need a few days of hospitalisation for close monitoring and conservative medical administrations. However, in severe head injury cases, the patients may require a more extended period of hospitalisation for a series of complex neuro-medical and neurosurgical management. Tracheostomy may be performed on head injury patients with protracted breathing problems. Early tracheostomy (ET) may improve clinical outcomes late tracheostomy. ET is defined as the tracheostomy done seven days after the initiation of endotracheal intubation. Objective : The objective of this study is to determine the impact of ET on a patient's clinical outcome before being discharged. Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort study involving 45 severe head injury patients with tracheostomy done in two Neuro-Centre hospitals in Klang Valley. The clinical outcome was observed before the participants are discharged including the participant's GCS upon discharge, length of stay (LOS) in the ICU and hospital, the incidence of VAP, duration of mechanical ventilation dependency, and decannulation rate. Findings: There are 45 participants in this study as the sample. Crude analysis performed in this study showed that there is a significant association between tracheostomy classification (early and late) toward participant length of stay in the ICU with a p-value of <0.001, LOS in the hospital (p=0.002), and duration on the mechanical ventilation use (p<0.001) with no association with the GCS upon discharge (p=0.057), the incidence of VAP (p=0.374), and decannulation rate (p=0.081).Potential confounding factors in this study were determined statistically. It was done by comparing the model without an additional factor and the model with an additional factor. Multivariate analysis showed that the association between these variables remained significant for the LOS in the hospital (p=0.035) and duration of mechanical ventilation used (p=0.005). Conclusion: The initiation of ET contributes to a favourable clinical outcome in terms of the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay for patients with a severe head injury. However, the association between tracheostomy categorisation and ICU LOS, incidence of pneumonia, decannulation rate, and GCS at discharge was not statistically significant
Effectiveness Management of Radiation Protection Program: A Short Review
No full textAn effective radiation protection program requires an effective oversight and feedback mechanism to management. A main objective of the radiation protection program is to decrease radiation doses wherever and whenever reasonably possible, hence lowering the health risk that is thought to be proportionate to the radiation dosage. Justification of operations requiring radiation exposure, as well as the use of minimal radiation exposure simply adequate for diagnostic and interventional procedures, should all be part of a radiation protection policy. National authorities must support the development and implementation of radiological safety and security in organisations that employ radiation sources. Maintaining a high level of competence is critical for the development of future safe ionizing radiation applications. Patients, physicians, and employees across many departments, including radiology, interventional cardiology, and surgery, are concerned about radiation safety. Radiation released during fluoroscopic operations is the source of the highest radiation dosage for healthcare workers. Radiation from diagnostic imaging modalities such as computed tomography, mammography, and nuclear imaging are minimal factors to healthcare personnel's cumulative dose exposures. Radiation exposure, on the other hand, poses a risk to both patients and healthcare professionals. The medical use of ionizing radiation is a huge and growing global activity. While the use of ionizing radiation in medicine provides enormous advantages to the worldwide population, the inherent hazards owing to stochastic and deterministic effects necessitate the need to safeguard patients from potential injury. Current issues in radiation protection of patients include not only the rapidly increasing collective dose to the global population from medical exposure, but also the fact that a significant percentage of diagnostic imaging examinations are unnecessary, and the cumulative dose to individuals from medical exposure is increasing
Process of Accepting the Disease: A Self-management of Patient with Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Full text linkBackground: To understand and explore in-depth the self-management experience of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer when accepting the cancer diagnosis as part of their cancer trajectory.
Methods: An exploratory qualitative case study design was conducted based on the study objective. One-on-one in-depth semi-structured interviews were held among patients diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer (N=16) of two primary hospitals in Malaysia by using purposive sampling. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis approach (data management, descriptive account, explanatory account).
Results: This article presents patients’ experiences during diagnosis and how they managed this situation. A theme called the Process of accepting the disease emerged to portray this experience with a subtheme - emotional changes and management when they receive their nasopharyngeal cancer diagnosis. Feelings and situations were described by emotional discouragement and embracing fate, which had been self-managed by avoidance and trying to comprehend.
Conclusion: Patients experienced grief like other types of cancer patients, although nasopharyngeal cancer was reported to have a good prognosis with effective treatment provision. They were burdened by the cancer diagnosis and avoided having thought about it while struggling to comprehend their own health. It was evidenced that patients critically need and profound for health infacceptormation related to various aspects of cancer and treatment during this phase. Therefore, these findings strongly recommend that healthcare professionals to address this need particularly among those who are newly diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer to help them accepting their cancer diagnosis
Evaluating Parental Knowledge and Awareness of Oral Care for Preschool Children in Kuantan, Pahang
Full text linkBackground: Good oral health is an essential component of general health. Children's dental health, in general, is greatly influenced by their oral health. Parents significantly influence their children's lives and motivate them to maintain good dental health. This study aims to determine the parents' knowledge and awareness of preschoolers’ oral care in Kuantan, Pahang.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used to evaluate parents' knowledge and awareness of preschool oral care in Kuantan, Pahang. A total of 134 parents who have children aged between 4 and 6 years old at the registered kindergarten with the Department of Social Welfare that fulfil the inclusion criteria were recruited using the convenience sampling method. Descriptive and correlation statistical analysis were employed in this study. The data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistic version 28.0
Results: This study reported that most participants were parents of more than 32 years, completed tertiary education level, and had monthly income between RM4,000 – RM10,000, with 53.7%, 70.1%, and 38.8%, respectively. Regarding knowledge level, more than half of parents had high knowledge (73.1%) of children’s oral care, and all parents had positive awareness (100%). There is no significant correlation between the level of knowledge and awareness with r=0.138 and p-0.112.
Conclusion: Educational status may be associated with the knowledge level of children’s oral care. However, education may not influence parents’ awareness of pre-schooler’s children’s oral care. Thus, more awareness programmes on children’s oral care should be implemented in the community.