al-Burhān Journal of Qurʾān and Sunnah Studies
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METHODOLOGY OF HADITH ANALYSIS AND COMMUNICATIVE CLASSIFICATION: A STUDY ON SAHIH AL-BUKHARI
Full text linkUnderstanding the verbal and nonverbal communicative elements of Prophet Mohammad (SAW) is essential to have a deeper understanding of the role model and desired replication of the sunnah of the Prophet (SAW) for Muslims and non-Muslims to study. Through a complete historical archival study and classification of ahadeeth in Sahih Al-Bukhari, the researcher has completed a comprehensive, quantitative, descriptive statistical data analysis to determine the verbal and nonverbal frequencies of verbal and nonverbal communicative elements and determined subcategories. The study results indicate that verbal communication is the most frequently used method of communication of Prophet Mohammad (SAW), totaling 3498 ahadeeth, with the verbal subcategory of "Declarative Statement" totaling 1984 ahadeeth. Both verbal and nonverbal communication is the second most frequent method of communication by Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), totaling 1314 ahadeeth. A further breakdown of all verbal and nonverbal subcategories indicates the range, approach, presence, and communicative example of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), as well as his role as the final Messenger of Allah (SWT), to model for successful messaging, communication, and furthering adherence to his sunnah
Negating The Misguiding Effects of Social Proof on Human Psyche: A Quranic Perspective
Full text linkIt is the tendency of human being to act spontaneously. While many factors may lead to that, there is nothing more validating and reassuring than conforming to the behaviours of others while one is on the verge of decision-making. Social proof is one of the biggest factors that heavily take hold of our decisions in daily life, as it exerts forces that can change our behaviours and opinions to meet perceived group norms, and it also applies to the way people decide what represents correct behaviour. Even though social proof can be seen as something beneficial at times for positive purposes, the problem arises when people begin responding to it in a subliminal manner as such that they can be fooled by fake evidence, hence manipulated, and misguided. The effects of social proof are not limited to worldly matters, but they could affect the affairs which concern one’s practice of Islam, thus affecting one’s faith in a harmful way. This study aims to shed light on the approach of debilitating and negating the misguiding effects of social proof on the human psyche from the Qurānic perspective. The research adopts inductive and analytical approaches in presenting the discussion and concludes that the Qurān mentions some instances of how social proof takes place in affecting people’s inclination and behaviour in a damaging way which is clearly in opposition to the Islamic principles and natural inclination of human being. Considering the detrimental consequences of it, the remedies to negate the misguiding effects of social proof are prevalent throughout the Qurān as guidance for human being to safely navigate this worldly life for a better life in the hereafter. This research deduces that the practical ways suggested by the Qurān can be summed up into two significant points which are seeking knowledge and the practice of thinking and contemplating.
Keywords: Social proof, social influence, herd mentality, misguiding effects, Qurān
تفاعلات رشيد رضا المنهجية مع مقاصد القرآن: دراسة تحليلية: Rashid Rida's Approach in Interacting with the Objectives of the Holy Qur’an: An Analytical Study
No full textتركز هذه الدراسة بشكل خاص على منهج رشيد رضا في التفاعل مع مقاصد القرآن الكريم، حيث أكد رضا أن دراسة مقاصد القرآن والتفاعل معها يساهم في تنمية وتعليم الإنسان، ورفع شأنه وتكامل إيمانه، وتطهير نفسه، وتنمية قدراته العقلية والفكرية والمنطقية. كما يسعى البحث إلى إظهار منهج رضا المقاصدي في التفاعل مع المقاصد القرآنية وكيف أن ذلك يساهم في إزالة العقبات التقليدية والوراثية والعادات السلبية من عقول الناس، وبذل جهودٍ لزرع القيم الإيجابية مكانها، وبذلك يصبح الإنسان في مسار التطور وتحقيق الإخوة الإنسانية. من جهة أخرى، تسلط هذه الدراسة الضوء على المنهج الاستقرائي لتتبع بعض الأفكار الخاصة بالمقاصد الخاصة عند رشيد رضا في تفسيره القيم، وتبني المنهج التحليلي لمناقشة الأفكار المقاصدية الرئيسة التي تبناها رشيد رضا في تفاعله مع المقاصد القرآن في تفسيره مما جعل تفسيره تفسيراً متميزاً على غيره. ومن النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أن رشيد رضا أثبت من خلال تفاعله مع المقاصد القرآنية أن هناك تنافرًا بين مقاصد وأهداف القرآن والروايات الواردة في كتب التفسير، حيث يرى أن تلك الروايات تشتت انتباه القارئ وتحجب عنه المقاصد الأصيلة للقرآن. علاوة على ذلك، توصل رشيد رضا إلى أن تفاعله مع المقاصد القرآنية أثمر باكتشاف أساليب القرآن باعتبارها فريدة تجمع بين مختلف مقاصده وأهدافه، حيث تضمن تنوعاً في المضمون من خلال العقائد والحكم والمواعظ وأحكام العبادات، وذلك بهدف جذب انتباه المتلقي وتجديد روحه وفهمه.
الكلمات المفتاحية: منهج، رشيد رضا، التفاعل، مقاصد القرآن الكريم، دراسة تحليليةThis study specifically focuses on Rashid Rida's approach to engaging with the objectives of the Holy Quran, where Rida emphasised that studying and engaging with the objectives of the Quran contributes to the development and education of individuals, elevating their status, integrating their faith, purifying themselves, and enhancing their intellectual, cognitive, and logical abilities. The research aims to demonstrate Rida's methodological approach in interacting with the Quranic objectives and how it contributes to removing traditional, hereditary, and harmful habits from people's minds while striving to instil positive values in their place, thus guiding individuals towards development and achieving human brotherhood.
On another note, this study sheds light on the inductive methodology to trace some of the specific objective ideas embraced by Rashid Rida in his valuable interpretation, adopting an analytical approach to discuss the main objective ideas he engaged with in his interpretation, which made his interpretation distinguished from others. One of the research findings is that Rashid Rida demonstrated through his engagement with the Quranic objectives that there is a contradiction between the objectives of the Quran and the narratives found in interpretation books, as he believes that these narratives distract the reader and obscure the genuine objectives of the Quran. Furthermore, Rashid Rida concluded that his engagement with the Quranic objectives resulted in discovering the unique methods of the Quran, which combine its various objectives, ensuring diversity in content through beliefs, rulings, admonitions, and worship regulations, to capture the attention of the recipient and renew their spirit and understanding.
GENDERED POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT IN IRAQ: EXAMINING WOMEN'S ENGAGEMENT IN THE POST-2003 POLITICAL LANDSCAPE
Full text linkThe present article examines women's political engagement in Iraq following 2003, presenting an evaluation of their current political milieu. The text provides insight into the rise of multiple women's groups, clarifying their goals and actions. The article delves into the unique difficulties and hindrances faced by proponents of women's rights in present-day Iraq. In the aftermath of the collapse of the Ba'athist government, a promising window of opportunity emerged for women to participate in the political sphere. As a result, female citizens of Iraq have attained a noteworthy degree of political engagement, obtaining roles within the governmental and parliamentary spheres. Despite persistent efforts, individuals in Iraq are still facing a range of obstacles stemming from tribal, sectarian, customary, and legal factors, which are primarily influenced by prevailing patriarchal and sectarian ideologies. This research employs historical, descriptive, and political analysis to showcase the active participation of Iraqi women in the political and social landscape of Iraq. This statement highlights their continuous involvement in promoting the progress of the political system, as evidenced by their occupancy of various political positions
السياسة بين الأخلاق والمقاصد: عرض مقارن بين ابن تيمية والشاطبيّ: POLITICS BETWEEN ETHICS AND OBJECTIVES: A COMPARATIVE PRESENTATION BETWEEN IBN TAYMIYYAH AND AL-SHATIBI.
No full textمن المتفق عليه بين علماء الإسلام من فلاسفة وعلماء اجتماع وفقهاء أن الهدف الأسمى للدولة أو السلطة السياسية هو أمران: إقامة أحكام الشريعة ومبادئها، وتحقيق الخير والرخاء والسعادة للفرد والمجتمع. أي حراسة الدين وسياسة الدنيا. تقوم السلطة السياسية في الإسلام على نظام فريد مكون من عنصري الأخلاق والمقاصد. وهذان العنصران هما الهدف الأسمى للرسالة النبوية، لأن الشريعة تتكون من ثنائية الأخلاق والمصالح. تسعى المقالة إلى إماطة اللثام عن الأساس المقاصدي والأخلاقي للسلطة السياسية من خلال عرض مقارن لأهم الأخلاق المقاصدية التي يجب أن يتصف بها أولو الأمر، عند الإمام أحمد بن تيمية (ت. ٧٢٨ ه) في كتابه "السياسة الشرعية في إصلاح الراعي والرعية"، وأبي إسحاق الشاطبي (ت. ٧٩٠ ه) في كتابه "الموافقات". وتخلص المقالة إلى أن المقصود من إقامة السلطة السياسية لا يتحقق ما لم يتم تأطيره بالأخلاق والفضائل التي تأمر بالعدل والأمانة والحق والحرية.... وأيضاً، يجب أن تخضع الأخلاق في عالم السياسة للتصنيف الهرمي للمقاصد من ضروريات وحاجيات وتحسينيات. وعليه يتم تقديم الأولى فالأولى من الفضائل والمكرمات، ودفع الأسوأ فالأسوأ من المساوئ و المرذولات.Islamic scholars, including philosophers, sociologists, and jurists agree that the ultimate goal of the state or political authority is to achieve the welfare of the citizens and to bring goodness, prosperity, and happiness to the individual and society. This means safeguarding religion and managing worldly affairs. Political authority in Islam is based on a unique system consisting of two elements: ethics and objectives. These two elements constitute the highest goal of the prophetic message, as Sharia consists of the duality of ethics and interests. The article seeks to uncover the foundational moral and objective basis of political authority by providing a comparative analysis of the most important ethical objectives that must be possessed by uli al-amr, according to Imam Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (d. 728 AH) in his book "Al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyyah fi Islah al-Ra'i wa al-Ra'iyah," and Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi (d. 790 AH) in his book "Al-Muwafaqat." The article concludes that the purpose of establishing political authority cannot be realized unless it is framed within the framework of ethics and virtues that enjoin justice, trustworthiness, truth, and freedom. Furthermore, ethics in the realm of politics must be subjected to the hierarchical classification of objectives into necessities, needs, and improvements. Accordingly, priority should be given to the most crucial virtues, while averting the most harmful vices.
قول عبد الله بن مسعود في المعوِّذتين: بين الشكِّ واليقين: Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud`'s Statement on Surah Al-Falaq and Surah Al-Nas: between Myth and Reality
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Surah Al-Falaq and Al-Nas are the last two Surahs of the Holy Qur'an in terms of composition. The surahs are called in one word, "Al-Mu`awwidhatan." Through these, Allah SWT instructed His Prophet (PBUH) to seek freedom from witchcraft, violence, hatred, harm, and Satan's evil counsel. When a Jew of Madinah named Labid ibnul A`sam bewitched the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), both Surahs were revealed to free him from it. They are recited in prayer and outside prayer. That continuity has been going on since the era of the Prophet (PBUH). These are well known as the Surahs of the Holy Qur’an to common Muslims and scholars. But from the comments of the prominent companion Ibn Mas'ud (R.A.), it is claimed that these are not the surahs of the Holy Qur'an but were revealed as supplications. Everyone has tried to explain his statement in different ways. Some say that he did not deny the verses of the Holy Qur’an but opposed the recitation in Salah. Some say that he only forbade writing on the copy of the Holy Quran. But narrations in various books, including Sahih Bukhari, prove that he did not write them in his copy of Al-Qur'an and rejected it as independent Surahs. In this situation, the question arises: Are these surahs of the Holy Qur’an considered independent surahs? How accurate is Ibn Masud's statement in this case? If his statement is not acceptable, then what is the explanation? By analyzing these questions, the article tries to solve the related problems. It follows historical and analytical research methods. The study asserts that Ibn Mas`ud (R.) indeed assumed that the Surah Falaq and Surah Nas might not be parts of the Qur’an, but later he changed his stance and regarded them to be independent surahs of the Qur’an. Even if he continued to believe that they were simply supplications and not the parts of the Qur’an, that goes against established fact by Mutawatir [a large number of narrators] and Ijma` [consensus of the scholars]; hence, it will not be considered at all. Undoubtedly, both surahs are integral parts of the Qur’an, and no sound mind could claim against their Qur’anic status
Empowering Thinking and Moral Formation in Muslim Women Through the Philosophical Inquiry (PI) Approach
Full text linkPhilosophical inquiry (PI) is one of the approaches educators employ to help develop thinking skills and moral education among students so that they can understand their goals and the purpose of life in this world. Meanwhile, much has been said about the social problems involving Muslim women in Malaysia which are due to the lack of thinking skills and religious understanding. For this reason, this study attempts to highlight the PI method which integrates the Socratic questioning approach to help address the issue and lead to moral formation. This would allow women to explore their thoughts and generate rational ideas and choices to achieve understanding and sound judgments (hikmah) and finally empower them in executing their roles and tasks as Muslimah who hold the responsibility as daughters and sisters who will be future wives and mothers in the society, and carry out their Amanah as the Khalifah of Allah in this world
Women Empowerment from Quranic perspective
Full text linkDespite the teachings of Islam that advocate for women's rights and empowerment, a substantial disparity persists between the ideal principles and the actual conditions in numerous Muslim communities. Women in many Muslim-majority nations encounter diverse challenges hindering their empowerment and complete societal involvement. Key factors contributing to the predicament of women's empowerment in Islam encompass patriarchal attitudes and cultural norms that confine women's roles and opportunities, as well as limited access to education and training, restricting their active participation in economic and political spheres. Present-day concerns include workplace discrimination and bias against women, encompassing unequal pay and limited advancement opportunities. Additionally, insufficient access to healthcare, education, societal engagement, and reproductive rights adversely affect women's health and well-being. Gender-based violence and harassment, encompassing domestic violence, sexual assault, and trafficking, exacerbate these challenges. Legal inadequacies in protecting and enforcing women's rights regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, and property ownership further compound the issue. Misinterpretation and misapplication of religious teachings contribute to harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Addressing these challenges necessitates targeted interventions and policy changes to dismantle significant barriers to women's empowerment in Muslim communities. The researcher employed an inductive approach, tracing research components from exegetical, hadith, and jurisprudential books to derive general rulings. Subsequently, an analytical method was utilized to categorize and discuss scientific material, yielding specific rulings about the subject. The research reached certain significant results, emphasizing the promotion of women's rights, equality, and comprehensive societal participation to foster just and equitable societies. A focus on women's rights to education, societal engagement, economic independence, fair treatment in marriage, and protection from violence and discrimination is crucial. Quranic teachings offer valuable guidance for Muslims to contribute to women's empowerment in their societies actively
The Principles of Islamic Polity in the Qur’an and Sunnah: Revisiting Modern Political Discourse
Full text linkPolity is a global phenomenon that refers to the political system, structures, and processes for shaping and governing society. Islam, as a complete code of life, addresses all issues of polity. This study attempted to explore the political system of the Holy Qur’an, Practiced by the Prophet (SAAS) and the Khulafa-e-Rashidun as well. This study found that essential principles of the Islamic polity mentioned in the Qur’an are Tawhid (Islamic Monotheism), Shari`ah (Way of life), ‘Adalah (Justice), Hurriyah (Freedom), Musawah (Equality), Shura (Consultation), Al-Wasatiyyah (Moderation), Khilafah (Vicegerency), Ummah (Commonwealth), Muhasabah (Accountability), and Muʿāmalāt (Civil Conduct) etc. Regarding the Prophetic tradition, it is evident that the Madinan Charter, also known as the first written Constitution of the world and the Hudaibiyah Peace Pact were historically significant examples of a multicultural society where peaceful co-existence, freedom of all religions, and women’s participation had been ensured. Moreover, this study also discovered that the major Polity practiced by the Khulafa-e-Rashidun were Free and fair elections, Decision Process by Shura, Respecting Public Opinion, and Ensuring Transparency and Accountability etc
Islamic Economic Framework for the Exercise of Islamic Financial Activities: its Conformity with Maqasid Shari`ah
Full text linkABSTRACT
With the establishment of Islamic banks throughout the latter half of the 20th century, Islamic finance became institutionalized. The emergence of new Islamic banks was accompanied by the emergence of Islamic insurance firms and other Islamic financial organizations. The Maqasid al-Shari’ah in financial transactions reveals the overarching goals and significance to which it aspires through decision-making. It is clear from the careful and continuous examination of several Qur'anic verses and the Prophet's (PBUH) Sunnah regarding financial matters that the Shari'ah has adhered to specific objectives in formulating its financial laws and regulations. These objectives include the fair distribution of wealth within society, continual wealth investments, the satisfaction of economic prosperity for all through the satisfaction of basic human needs, the openness of financial transactions to avoid disputes, and the legitimacy of ownership of private and public wealth. The study offers a Maqasid-based development paradigm, which views development from the perspective of extracting benefit and removing harm. This calls for fostering things that make life simpler, more meaningful, and prosperous while preventing all causes of harm, socioeconomic hardship, and underdevelopment. The approach's strength lies in the proper weight it accords to morality, spirituality, and faith as catalysts for prolonged moderate growth and in its emphasis on all-encompassing yet restrained material progress. The study argues for a detailed investigation of the economic growth and the science of Maqasid al-Shari'ah. The qualitative method is applied in this study to evaluate the fundamental concept of Maqasid Al-Shariah from the primary and secondary sources of knowledge in Islam, which shows the model of the economic system to identify the challenges of governing the Islamic banks and Islamic financial activities accordingly.
Keywords: Islamic banks, Islamic Insurance, Financial Institutions, Maqasid al-Shari'a