al-Burhān Journal of Qurʾān and Sunnah Studies
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The Psychological Aspects of Human Behaviour in the Qurʾān
No full textAbstract: al-Qurʾān, the divine Book, is a Book for entire human kind. Human being is the subject matter and the main theme of the Qurʾān. Right from his birth, childhood, adolescence, youthhood and adulthood till his death and post death ages were manifested in the Qurʾān. While the Qurʾān clearly shows him the right course of actions and enlightened his behavior, humanity always get distracted and misguided from this straight path. His ego, pride, desire, self-worship, blind-following of his friends and family lead him always to destruction. Human being is a sophisticated yet supreme creature of Allah (SWT) with extraordinary abilities. The Qurʾanic dealing of human psychologies in many verses reveal the realities about human being’s true nature. It explains in clear term his true stand, status and behavior. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the Qurʾanic approach towards psychological aspects of human behavior from different angels by using inductive and analytical methods. Among the most significant findings of the paper is that the Qurʾān noted his natural instinct or Fitrah, that he was created with instinctively, which is based on Tawhid and submission to his Creator. The Qurʾān also recognized his acquired manner that he learns, adopts and adapts throughout his life cycle from his surroundings, friends, families and environments as a whole. Environmental and other external influences keep on modifying the blueprint of human behavior. Besides, it is also noted that Qurʾanic psychology is affiliated with Ruh or soul, which is the main guiding factor in human behavior; but this is absent in conventional psychology
The Integration of Qur'anic Worldview with Natural Science: Answering the Long Call For Islamic Secondary Schools: تكامل بين نظرية قرآنية وعلوم طبيعية: إجابة مكاملة الطويلة للمدرسة الإسلامية الثنوية
No full textAbstrak: Kesepaduan adalah isu utama pendidikan ummat sejak zaman pasca-penjajahan yang telah meninggalkan warisan pendidikan berdikotomi. Hari ini, kita lihat banyak sekolah Islam dengan kepelbagaian cara penyepaduan. Tetapi apakah sebenarnya kesepaduan di dalam pendidikan Islam? Sebanyak manakah umat Islam telah maju ke arah kesepaduan sebenar? Penulisan ini membentangkan suatu laporan ringkas kualitatif penemuan dari penyelidikan di lapangan terhadap beberapa contoh penyepaduan di 24 buah sekolah menengah Islam di Malaysia dan di Indonesia (serta tinjauan-tinjauan di Brunei, Singapura, Mindanao, Selatan Thailand dan di Ontario) berbanding dengan kesepaduan ideal yang merupakan gabungan organik antara ilmu wahyu dan ilmu manusia. Penulisan ini mengimbas pandangan-pandangan alam yang telah membawa sains tabii ke pentas semasa. Ia mengutarakan sebuah model untuk pendidikan Islam menengah, di mana sains tabii menjalani pembinaan, pentakrifan dan pengalihan-arah semula yang menyeluruh dari kerangka pandangan alam al-Qur'ān.Abstract: Integration has been a key concern in the education of the ummah since the post-colonial period that have left Muslims with the legacy of a dichotomous education. Today, we see many Islamic schools with different modes of integration. But what constitutes as integration? How much have Muslims progressed towards true integration? This article presents a brief qualitative report on the findings from field researches that probed into samples of integration at 24 Islamic secondary schools in Malaysia and Indonesia (and surveys in Brunei, Singapore, Mindanao, Southern Thailand and Ontario) comparing with the ideal where integration constitutes an organic fusion between revealed and acquired knowledge. The article skims through the worldviews that have brought about natural science to its current plinth. It proposes a model for Islamic secondary education where natural sciences undergo a discreet but holistic reconstruction, redefinition and redirection from the framework of the Qur’ānic worldview
التجارة وسيلة لوحدة الأمة الإسلامية: دراسة قرآنية تحليلية : Business as A Way to Strengthening the Unity of Muslim Ummah: An Analytical Study
No full textملخص البحث: هدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على موضوع التجارة ووحدة الأمة في القرآن الكريم. ويستخدم هذا البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي؛ وذلك بجمع الآيات القرآنيّة التي تتعلّق بالتجارة كوسيلة لتقوية وحدة الأمة، ودراسة الآيات من كتب التفاسير ثم تحليلها بغية الوصول إلى النتائج المرجوة منها. وتوصل البحث إلى أهمّ النتائج، منها: إنّ التجارة في القرآن تحث أفراد الأمة على العمل وكسب الحلال، ومن مقتضى حكمة الله أن يشبّه معاملة البشر معه بكلمات تتعلّق بالتجارة حتى يقرّب معنى الثواب الغيبـي الأخروي بالربح المرئيّ الدنيوي. وهذا إن دلّ على شيء فإنّه يدلّ على أنّ من الضروري أن تتذكر الأمّة تجارتها المعنويّة مع ربها كلّما خاضت في تجارتهم الحسية الملموسة. فمن المفروض أن تؤخذ التجارة كوسيلة لوحدة الأمّة الإسلاميّة بالسعي إلى الفلاح في الدنيا والآخرة، وتحسين الأخلاق، ومحاربة الفقر، وابتغاء فضل الله تعالى، والدعوة إليه، وتقوية علاقات الخلق فيما بينهم.Abstract: The objective of this study is to enlighten the topic on business and Ummatic unity in the Holy Qur’an. This research uses the descriptive and analytical methods; by compiling the Qur’anic verses about business as a path to strengthen the Ummatic unity and revising them in the exegesis books, then to analyse them in order to arrive at the results. Among the most important findings of this research; the business in the Qur’an encourages the Ummah towards employment and acquiring the legal provisions. By the wisdom of Allah The Almighty, He makes analogies of the interactions between Him and humans using the words related to business so that the unseen rewards of afterlife become closer by comparing to the glimpsed profit of this world. This shows that it is very important for the Ummah to always remember their metaphysical transactions with their Lord -The Giver- every time they enter their physical transactions. The business must be taken as a way to strengthen the unity of the Muslim Ummah by striving towards the success in this world and in the hereafter, beautifying the characters, fighting the poverty, searching Allah’s bounties, preaching towards Allah and strengthening the relations between them
التأليف في التفسير وتراجم القرآن لدى علماء شمال نيجريا قديمًا وحديثًا : The Writing of Tafsīr and the Translation of Qurʾān Amongst Southern Nigerian Scholars in the Past and Present
No full textملخص البحث: تحدثت هذه الورقة عن تاريخ علم التفسير والتراجم في شمال نيجيريا من عصر الشيخ المجدد عثمان بن فودي حيث ألف أخوه الشيخ عبد الله بن فودي كتابين متميزين في هذا الفن ولم يجد الباحث في منطقة إفريقية الغربية مثلهما، فالكتاب الأول سماه بـ(ضياء التأويل في معاني التنزيل) والثاني بـ(كفاية ضعفاء السودان) كما تحدثت عن علم التفسير في العصر الحاضر من مجيء المستعمر الإنجليزي إلى اليوم فوجد كتابًا واحدًا للشيخ أبوبكر جومي المسمى بـ(رد الأذهان إلى معاني القرآن) وتحدثت عن المؤلفات في تراجم القرآن إلى لغة الهوسا وميزت كل منها. كما تحدثت عن أساليب علماء المنطقة في إلقاء دروس التفسير وفي الأخير الخاتمة وفيها ذكر النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث والتوصيات.The paper discusses the history of tafsīr and Qur’anic translation in Northern Nigeria. It is divided into two parts. The first one is concerend with the period of Shaykh ʿUsmān bin Fodio. It highlights the most famous book of tafsīr in the time of Shaykh ʿUsman that was written by his brother and the student of Sheikh ʿAbdullahi bin Fodio. He wrote three books of tafsīr in Arabic language, the two of them are complete qur’anic tafsīr. The largest among them is Ḍiyāʾ al-Taʾwīl fī Maʿānī al-Tanzīl. It was published in four moderate volumes. The second book, titled Kifāyat Ḍuʿafāʾ al-Sūdān, was also published in one volume. The third one is not a complete tafsīr. It is a compilation of some prophetic tafsīr of some Qur’anic verses titled: Nayl al-Suʾl min Tafāsīr al-Rasūl. The second part of the paper elaborates the nature of tafsīr methodology in the books of Shaykh Abubakar Mahmud Gumi which were among the renowned books in the region. He composed two books. The first one is a Qur’anic rranslation into Hausa language and it was published in one big volume. The second book is a complete Qur’anic tafsīr in Arabic language titled Radd al-Adhhān Ilā Maʿānī al-Qurʾān and it was published in two volumes. Another writer in this field was Sheikh Muhammad Nasir Kabara. He wrote a tafsīr in Hausa language titled Ihsān al-Mannān Fi Iẓhār Khabāyā al-Qurʾān. It was published in four volumes. The paper explicates the methodology of writing of all the authors above
The Scientific View of the Holy Qurʾān
No full textAbstrak: Artikel ini membahaskan pendekatan al-Qur´an terhadap persoalan sesuatu pengetahuan yang menekankan kedua-dua kaedah rasional akal dan uji kaji. Ianya mewakili pelbagai teknik yang di ambil dari al-Qur’an untuk menaikkan tarikan pada kajian ilmiah, seperti memberi inspirasi dan membuat sistem persoalan. Manusia perlu memahami aturan bumi dan menghurai prosesnya yang semulajadi dan kejadian sejarah untuk pelbagai matlamat. Kebolehan manusia telah pun mempunyai pelbagai pendekatan untuk mencapai matlamat yang penting, tetapi ianya tidak berjaya disebabkan beberapa kes. Asas sains moden telah menjadi tapak kepada teori yang mengkaji dan meneliti adalah kaedah yang paling dipercayai untuk membuka kebenaran dunia. Ahli falsafah bagaimanapun telah menekankan pendekatan akal dan rasional. Mereka percaya kebenaran akan memanifestasikan dirinya dan boleh dibongkarkan dengan kajian yang mana ianya bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah. Walau bagaimanapun, sekiranya kebenaran terungkap sebelum kepandaian manusia, maka ia mempunyai kuasa untuk melihat kebenaran dan melupuskan kesalahan. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari penulisan ini bahawa pendekatan Qur´an ke atas benda semula jadi dan fenomena manusia memainkan fungsi yang penting dalam penyatuan integrasi dan sinergi antara dua pendekatan di atas. Tuntuan ini berdasarkan banyak faktor, termasuklah fakta yang menunjukkan al-Qur´an itu menghimpunkan pelbagai pendekatan di antara kualiti rasional dan uji kaji untuk menarik perhatian manusia untuk mengkajinya. al-Qur’an juga menyediakan prinsip-prinsip teori dan abstrak yang sangat diguna pakai dalam kedua-dua kaedah persoalan.Abstract: This article investigates the Qur’anic approach on knowledge inquiry which emphasizes both the rational and empirical methods. It presents the various techniques adopted by the holy Qur´an to inculcate research interest and promote the scientific enterprise, such as inspiration and systemization of inquiry. Mankind needs to understand the world and explain its natural processes and historical events for various purposes. Human talent has been adopting various approaches to achieve this important goal, but it was unsuccessful in many cases. The foundation of modern science is grounded on the theory that observation and experimentation are the most reliable methods to uncover the truth of the world. Philosophers, however, emphasize the rational approach. They hold that the truth may manifest itself and it may be uncovered by means of investigation and removing the veil which may not be an easy task. However, once truth stands revealed before human intellect it has the power to see it and distinguish it from falsehood. It is the hypothesis of this article that the Qur’ānic approach on the natural and human phenomena plays an important role in integrating and synergizing the above two approaches. This claim is based on many factors, including the fact that the holy Qur´Én integrates different approaches with rational and empirical qualities to invite human attention for investigation. The holy Qur`an also, provides the epistemological and metaphysical principles that are useful for both methods of inquiry
Identifying the Higher Objectives (Maqāṣid) of the Qur’ān: A Search for Methodology
No full text Abstract: This research aims at defining some methodological tools that could help in understanding the higher objectives (maqāṣid) of the Qur’ān. It seems that there exists a lack of methodological identification in the previous literature. This could lead to confusion among readers of the subject to pinpoint the real objectives of the Qur’ān as a wide diversity in scholars’ identification of maqāṣid of the Qur’ān prevails in this regard and as of views are influenced by scholars’ personal and socio-contextual make-up. Consequently, the objectivity in identifying maqāṣid al-Qur’an is impaired. Such situations become major obstacles to the development of maqāṣid al-Qur’ān as a science of understanding the Qur’ān. If some well-defined methodological tools are developed, an objective identification of maqāṣid al-Qur’ān may be possible. A methodological identification of maqāṣid al-Qur’ān seems to be essential. Thus, this study explores some methodological approaches that could help in identifying the higher objectives of the Qur’ān
أسماء اللّه الحسنى وصفاته وأفعاله: دراسة تحليليَّة في سورة النور: The Names of Allah, His Attributes and Actions: An Analytical Study on Surah al-Nūr
No full textملخّص البحث : يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة أسماء الله الحسنى، وصفاته وأفعاله الواردة في سورة النور بغية الوصول إلى أسمى الغايات المرجوّة من إنزال القرآن، ألا وهي معرفة خالق هذا الكون، ومن ثمّ يتخلّق الإنسان في هذه الدنيا بخُلُق القرآن ويعيش وفق مشيئة خالقه تعالى. وينتهج البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي وذلك من خلال جمع النصوص ودراستها ثم تحليليها من أجل الوصول إلى النتائج المرجوّة. وتتوصّل الدراسة إلى أنّ معرفة الله لا تتمّ عن طريق إدراك كنه ذاته، وإنّـما بالدلائل المؤدية إليه عن طريق معرفة صفاته، وهذه الصفات لا تدلّ إلا على أسمائه، وأسماؤه تدل على ذاته تعالى. وكلّما ازداد الإنسان معرفة بالله يزداد إيمانًا، وحبًا، وتقديرًا له تعالى.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to study the names of Allāh, as well as His attributes and deeds in Sūrah Al-Nūr, in order to reach the highest goals of the revelation of the Qur'ān, namely knowledge of the creator of this universe, which will lead to total submission to Him. The research uses inductive and analytical methods by collecting, studying and analyzing the texts in order to reach the desired results. The research concluded that knowledge of Allāh does not take place through confirming any physical realization, but rather through the evidence leading to Him by knowing His attributes. These attributes indicate His names, and these names indicate the Almighty Allāh. The more a person becomes knowledgeable of Allāh, the more faith, love and appreciation of Him will be accumulated, which leads to sincere submission
المنهج النبوي في إصلاح الجار السوء: The Prophetic Method in Dealing with Bad Neighbours
No full textملخّص البحث : يهدف هذا البحث لبيان منهج النبي في إصلاح جار السوء، من خلال الأحاديث الواردة في الاعتناء بحقوق الجار سواء كان صالحًا أم غير صالح، مسلمًا كان أم كافراً، فتأمر بالصبر على جار السوء، والإحسان إليه من طرق مختلفة، وتكمن إشكاليّة هذا البحث في كثرة الفساد، وسوء الأخلاق بين الجيران، فجاء هذا البحث لدراسة هذه الإشكاليّة، وبيان خطورتها، وحلّها بمناهج نبويّة في إصلاح جار السوء، وتعامله مع جيرانه، وحسن معاملته، وإكرامه لهم. وتبرز أهميّة هذا البحث في حاجة المجتمع لإزالة مثل هذه الأخلاق السّيئة فيما بينهم، وإصلاح هؤلاء الأفراد أصحاب الخلق الذميم، لتطوّر الأخلاق الطيبة ونشرها بين المجتمع. وقد اعتمد البحث المنهج الاستقرائي في جمع الأحاديث الواردة في حقوق الجيران من السنة النبويّة، والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي في بيان وتحليل المراد من الأحاديث، والمنهج النقدي في تمييز الأحاديث الواردة في الباب من حيث الصّحة والضعف. ومن أهمّ النتائج التي توصّل إليها البحث في المنهج النبوي في إصلاح الجار السوء، محبّته والتّودد إليه، والسلام عليه، وطلاقة الوجه معه، وعيادته إذا مرض، وتشيعه إذا مات، ونصره إذا ظُلم، وكفّه عن الظلم والمعصية بقدر الاستطاعة، ومواساته وبذل المعروف له، وتفريج كربه، وإعانته عند حاجته، وتعزيته عند المصيبة، وتهنئته عند الفرح، وإدخال السرور عليه، والإهداء إليه، والنصيحة له ولأولاده وأهله. البحث يتضمّن مقدّمة، ومباحث، وخاتمة، وفيها ذكر نتائج البحث، ثم المصادر والمراجع.Abstract: The purpose of this research is to explain the prophet's r approach and method in reforming the bad neighbor, through the hadiths of taking care of the rights of the neighbor. The research is focusing on the challenge and problem that has led to a great deal of corruption and poor morals among neighbors. This research seeks to study the seriousness of the problem, and find solutions through prophetic methods of reforming the bad neighbor, through his r dealings with them, and good treatment and respect for them. The importance of this research is to highlight the need of the community to remove bad morals among themselves, and to reform these individuals who possess abhorrent morality with the enhancement of good morals and disseminating them among the society. The research includes an introduction and four subjects. Each subject has its own demands and the conclusion, in which the results of the research are presented, and finally the sources and references. The important findings of the research into the prophetic approach are: his love and affection for his neighbors, his pleasant facial expressions, his visitation if they were ill, helping them if they were abused, preventing them from doing injustice as much as possible, doing good things for them, giving condolences during tragedies, and congratulating them during joyous occasions
Interpretations of Hijab in the Middle East: Policy Discussions and Social Implications toward Women
No full textAbstract: Discussions on Hijab or veil in the Middle East is highly controversial and debatable even until today. Although the majority of the population in the Middle East countries are comprised of Muslims, yet the policies and laws regarding the wearing of Hijab by women, vary. Except for Iran and Saudi Arabia, other Middle East countries did not set the clear rulings for Hijab, in fact some governments restrict its wearing in certain occupational sectors like what had been practiced in Turkey. This article aims at examining the implications of Hijabpolicies in the Middle East in terms of the reactions and interpretations the societies make including the Western analysts towards Hijab. While the famous assumption about Hijab often lies at its symbolic representation as a form of men’s oppression against women, many Muslim women in the Middle East see it as a symbol of power and freedom. In order to achieve the objective, a secondary research that involves collecting of information and data from existing resources on the topic of Hijab was applied. As found, the different implementation of Hijab policies in the Middle East led to various interpretations and influenced women – Muslimah or not – around the globe
نقد نظرية الإمامة الاثني عشريّة عند البرقعي من خلال تفسيره: al-Burqaʿī's Refutation Against the Imāmites in his Exegesis
No full textملخّص البحث : حدّد القرآن الكريم أصول الدين كلّها، وهي الإيمان بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر، ويخرج عن الملّة من أنكر شيئاً منها، وليس لأحد أن يضيف أصلاً من عنده مهما كانت مرتبته. ولكن نجد أنّ نظريّة الإمامة عند الشيعة الاثني عشريّة تعدّ من أصول الدين عندهم، فتفصلهم عن غيرهم من المذاهب، بل هي أرفع من مرتبة النبوّة عند بعضهم. لذا تستشهد الإماميّة بمجموعة من آيات القرآن الكريم على أنّها تدلّ على الإمامة المزعومة عندهم. وقد ردّ على هذه الشبهة جمع غفير من العلماء والمفسّرون، من بينهم العلامة البرقعي الذي كان له جهود مباركة في الرد على شبهات الشيعة الإماميّة من خلال تأليفاته وخصوصاً تفسيره للقرآن الكريم. تحاول هذه المقالة دراسة وتحليل طريقة البرقعي في الرد على نظريّة الإمامة من خلال الآيات التي يستدل بها الشيعة لإثبات الإمامة كأصل من أصول الدين. وتتوصل الدراسة إلى أنّ أصول الدين توقيفيّة وأنّ أي زيادة أو نقصان فيها يخالف النقل الصحيح والعقل معاً ولا تفيد العلم يقيناً.religion (Usul al-Din), namely faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Apostles, and the Last Day. No human can deny any of them, neither can add anything to it regardless of his social rank. However, it is found that the theory of the “twelve Imamate of Shiite” which has become the origins of the Shi'ah belief has separate them from other doctrines, to the extent that it is considered as higher than the level of prophecy among some of them. In doing so, the twelve Imamate of Shiite wrongly cited and interpreted a number of verses of the Holy Qurʾān to support their imamate claim. Many scholars and Qur’anic commentators have refuted this argumentation including al-Burqa'i, who had blessed efforts to respond to it within his interpretation of the Holy Qur’an (Tafsīr al-Burqa'i). This article attempts to study and analyze the method of al-Burqa'i in refuting Shiite’s misinterpretation, which has been put forward by them as their evidences to prove the imamate as one of the fundamental of the religion. The study concludes that any fundamental doctrine of a religion must be based on a right method of interpretation of Divine Revelation and any inclusion or exclusion of which is contrary to the truth and reason together do not benefit the absolute science of certainty (yaqīn)