Al-Itqān: Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies
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Mapping the Islamic Discourse on Knowledge: The Relevance of the New Islamic Discourse
No full textAbstract: In the aftermath of independence, the ex-colonized Muslim countries were caught up in a comprehensive process of Westernization of Muslim life and thought. In this context, fundamental questions have been raised: What is the vision of knowledge? What is the position of the existing traditional Islamic and modern Western knowledge? This study aims to map existing trends in the interpretation of knowledge and measure the relevance of what Elmessiri calls the “New Islamic Discourse”. Descriptive, analytical, and comparative methods are used in the entire study. The first major finding is that there are seven Islamic discourses according to how they respond to critical questions. The second major finding is that the relevance of the “New Islamic Discourse” is based on five main features namely, (1) Modern science is not neutral, (2) Secularization of life and knowledge is part of the Modern crisis, (3) Islamic view of knowledge is neither modernist nor traditionalist, (4) Islamic view of knowledge is neither positivist nor relativist, and (5) Islam is a worldview that has implications for life and knowledge (on epistemology and methodology)
الجهاد بين الصلاح والإصلاح وحروب المطامع والمصالح: نحو بناء سلام عالمي في ضوء السياسة الشرعية: Al-Jihād between Righteousness, Reform, and Wars of Ambitions and Interests: Towards Building Global Peace in Light of Islamic Political Jurisprudence
No full textملخص البحث: إقرار السلام ( (Peace Enforcementأي منظور الفقه السياسي يكون بكل الوسائل المشروعة والمتاحة، تدرَّجا من الوسائل السلمية كالحوار الهادئ، والمجادلة بالحسنى، والأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر، والمباهلة، ومرورا بالموادعة والمهادنة والمعاهدة والمصالحة والمقاضاة والمتاركة والمسالمة مما هو معروف في كتب السير والسياسة الشرعية، وانتهاءً بالقتال إذا لم يجدي كل ذلك نفعا، ولم يك بدّ من تحقيق الأمن، وفرض السلام بالقوة. وعليه، لكي ينعم الناس ويأمنوا على دينهم وأرواحهم وممتلكاتهم وديارهم، فإن آخر الدواء الكيّ، فتكون الحرب لمنع الحرب، ولاستئصال الموضع المتعفن من الجسم المعافى، وقطع الجزء الموبوء من الجسد. يتناول هذا البحث حقيقة الحروب الإسلامية؛ مشروعيتها، دوافعها، الغاية التي ترمي إليها، أخلاقياتها التي تنظّم سيرها من البداية حتى النهاية، والضوابط التي تلتزم بها، وذلك باستخدام المنهجين الاستقرائي والتحليلي. ومن أهم ما توصل إليه البحث أن الإسلام هو دين الرحمة، والأمن والسلام والخير، جاء لهداية جميع البشر، وانتشالهم من أوحال الشر، والارتقاء بهم إلى مصاف الإنسانية التي تسعى دومًا نحو الفلاح، المتسامحة المتعاونة على الخير والصلاح، والبشرية في طريقها نحو هذا الرقي، ومن أجل إسعاد الناس بهدي الإسلام، وبسط الأمن، ونشر السلام، قد تضطر إلى خوض المعارك اضطرارا، وتُدفع إلى أتون القتال دفعا، وليست حروب المسلمين سيوفا لإراقة الدماء، وتمزيق الأشلاء، بل إنها جهاد من أجل السلام والبناء والنماء.
Abstract: Peace Enforcement from the perspective of political jurisprudence is achieved by all legitimate and available means, gradually from peaceful means such as calm dialogue, good argument, enjoining good and forbidding evil, and passing through truce, appeasement, treaty, reconciliation, litigation, abandonment, and peacemaking, which is known in the books of biography and Islamic politics, and ending with fighting if all of that is of no use, and there is no alternative to achieving security and imposing peace by force. Accordingly, for people to enjoy and feel safe about their religion, lives, properties, and homes, the last resort is cauterization. So, war is to prevent war by removing the rotten place from the healthy body and cutting off the affected and rotting part of the body. This research deals with the reality of Islamic wars; their legitimacy, motives, goals, ethics that regulate their course from beginning to end, and their adhered principles, while using inductive and analytical methods. This paper has concluded that Islam is the religion of mercy, security, peace, and goodness. Islam came to guide all people, rescue them from the mire of evil, and elevate them to the ranks of humanity that always strives for success, tolerance, and cooperation in goodness and righteousness. Humanity with its way towards advancement to make people happy with the guidance of Islam, and spread security and peace, may be forced to fight battles, and be pushed into the fighting. Eventually, the wars of Muslims are not swords to shed blood and tear apart limbs, but rather they are Jihād (struggle) for the sake of preserving peace, construction, and development and preventing corruption in all its forms.
Keywords: Jihād, Reform, Terrorism, Sharia Policy, Islamic Political Jurisprudence.ملخص البحث: إقرار السلام، أي منظور الفقه السياسي يكون بكل الوسائل المشروعة والمتاحة، تدرَّجا من الوسائل السلمية كالحوار الهادئ، والمجادلة بالحسنى، والأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر، والمباهلة، ومرورا بالموادعة والمهادنة والمعاهدة والمصالحة والمقاضاة والمتاركة والمسالمة مما هو معروف في كتب السير والسياسة الشرعية، وانتهاءً بالقتال إذا لم يجدي كل ذلك نفعا، ولم يك بدّ من تحقيق الأمن، وفرض السلام بالقوة. وعليه، لكي ينعم الناس ويأمنوا على دينهم وأرواحهم وممتلكاتهم وديارهم، فإن آخر الدواء الكيّ، فتكون الحرب لمنع الحرب، ولاستئصال الموضع المتعفن من الجسم المعافى، وقطع الجزء الموبوء من الجسد. يتناول هذا البحث حقيقة الحروب الإسلامية؛ مشروعيتها، دوافعها، الغاية التي ترمي إليها، أخلاقياتها التي تنظّم سيرها من البداية حتى النهاية، والضوابط التي تلتزم بها، وذلك باستخدام المنهجين الاستقرائي والتحليلي. ومن أهم ما توصل إليه البحث أن الإسلام هو دين الرحمة، والأمن والسلام والخير، جاء لهداية جميع البشر، وانتشالهم من أوحال الشر، والارتقاء بهم إلى مصاف الإنسانية التي تسعى دومًا نحو الفلاح، المتسامحة المتعاونة على الخير والصلاح، والبشرية في طريقها نحو هذا الرقي، ومن أجل إسعاد الناس بهدي الإسلام، وبسط الأمن، ونشر السلام، قد تضطر إلى خوض المعارك اضطرارا، وتُدفع إلى أتون القتال دفعا، وليست حروب المسلمين سيوفا لإراقة الدماء، وتمزيق الأشلاء، بل إنها جهاد من أجل السلام والبناء والنماء.
Abstract: Peace Enforcement from the perspective of political jurisprudence is achieved by all legitimate and available means, gradually from peaceful means such as calm dialogue, good argument, enjoining good and forbidding evil, and passing through truce, appeasement, treaty, reconciliation, litigation, abandonment, and peacemaking, which is known in the books of biography and Islamic politics, and ending with fighting if all of that is of no use, and there is no alternative to achieving security and imposing peace by force. Accordingly, for people to enjoy and feel safe about their religion, lives, properties, and homes, the last resort is cauterization. So, war is to prevent war by removing the rotten place from the healthy body and cutting off the affected and rotting part of the body. This research deals with the reality of Islamic wars; their legitimacy, motives, goals, ethics that regulate their course from beginning to end, and their adhered principles, while using inductive and analytical methods. This paper has concluded that Islam is the religion of mercy, security, peace, and goodness. Islam came to guide all people, rescue them from the mire of evil, and elevate them to the ranks of humanity that always strives for success, tolerance, and cooperation in goodness and righteousness. Humanity with its way towards advancement to make people happy with the guidance of Islam, and spread security and peace, may be forced to fight battles, and be pushed into the fighting. Eventually, the wars of Muslims are not swords to shed blood and tear apart limbs, but rather they are Jihād (struggle) for the sake of preserving peace, construction, and development and preventing corruption in all its forms.
Keywords: Jihād, Reform, Terrorism, Sharia Policy, Islamic Political Jurisprudence
Distortion of Truth about Islam and Its Reality: Some Reflections
No full textAbstract: Since the beginning of the 20th century, a respectable number of scholars such as Iqbal, Mawdudi, and Qutb argued that Islam is explained in al-Qur’ān with the term Dīn which stands for the way of life and worldview. It, therefore, should not be termed as religion in the contemporary sense. To explain this particularly important aspect of Islam a sizeable number of books have been written. Despite this clarification and the truth and reality of Islam, most people, speakers, preachers, scholars, and authors present Islam as a religion in a limited and dogmatic way. This approach to Islam not only limits the scope and place of but also distorts the truth and reality of Islam. This paper using the method of content analysis explores and explains the true and realistic picture of Islam as it is presented in al-Qur‘ān. For this purpose, the translation of al-Qur’ān rendered by Zafar Ishaq Ansari is used. The main goal of this paper is on one hand to explore the real scope of Islam and on the other, to present it in its true and realistic perspective. The intellectual discussion of this work concludes that Islam should not be taken merely as a religion. Rather, it is more than that. It is the Right Way, which Allah (SWT) revealed to His final Messenger, Muhammad (PBUH)
إسهامات ابن نجيم الحنفي في فقه الأموال: دراسة تحليلية: The Contributions of Ibn Nujaym al-Hanafi in the Jurisprudence of Wealth: An Analytical Study
No full textملخص البحث: يركز هذا البحث في دراسة إسهامات العلامة ابن نجيم الحنفي (٩٢٦-٩٧٠ه) في فقه الأموال. ابن نجيم له مكانة مهمة في الفقه الإسلامي المشتمل على العبادات والمعاملات ومنها فقه الأموال. ونظرا لأهمية إسهاماته الفقهية المتعلقة بالأموال وندرة وجود دراسة خاصة بها، يهدف الباحثان إلى اكتشاف هذه الإسهامات من متون مؤلفاته الفقهية. ولقد تم توظيف المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي لدراسة وتحليل القضية من مصادر ابن نجيم الفقهية والاقتصادية. وقد توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج، من أهمها: أن ابن نجيم الحنفي كان عالما جليلا فقيها أصوليا مجتهدا فريدا في عصره. وهو من قام بحل مشاكل الناس في المسائل المستجدات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية المتعددة في زمانه، وله إسهامات مهمة في أبواب المعاملات المالية كالخراج، والأوقاف، والرشوة، وكفالة حقوق بيت المال، والإجارة الطويلة وغيرها من الموضوعات المتعلقة بفقه الأموال.
الكلمات المفتاحية: إسهامات، ابن نجيم، فقه الأموال، العبادات، المعاملات.ملخص البحث: يركز هذا البحث في دراسة إسهامات العلامة ابن نجيم الحنفي (٩٢٦-٩٧٠ه) في فقه الأموال. ابن نجيم له مكانة مهمة في الفقه الإسلامي المشتمل على العبادات والمعاملات ومنها فقه الأموال. ونظرا لأهمية إسهاماته الفقهية المتعلقة بالأموال وندرة وجود دراسة خاصة بها، يهدف الباحثان إلى اكتشاف هذه الإسهامات من متون مؤلفاته الفقهية. ولقد تم توظيف المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي لدراسة وتحليل القضية من مصادر ابن نجيم الفقهية والاقتصادية. وقد توصلت هذه الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج، من أهمها: أن ابن نجيم الحنفي كان عالما جليلا فقيها أصوليا مجتهدا فريدا في عصره. وهو من قام بحل مشاكل الناس في المسائل المستجدات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية المتعددة في زمانه، وله إسهامات مهمة في أبواب المعاملات المالية كالخراج، والأوقاف، والرشوة، وكفالة حقوق بيت المال، والإجارة الطويلة وغيرها من الموضوعات المتعلقة بفقه الأموال.
Abstract: This research focuses on studying the contributions of the scholar Ibn Nujaym al-Ḥanafī (926-970 AH) in the jurisprudence of wealth. Ibn Nujaym has an important position in Islamic jurisprudence, which covers acts of worship and transactions, including the jurisprudence of wealth. Given the importance of his jurisprudential contributions related to wealth and the scarcity of a specific study on it, the two researchers aim to discover these contributions from the texts of his jurisprudential works. The inductive and analytical approaches were employed to study and analyze the issue from Ibn Nujaym’s jurisprudential and economic sources. This study reached several results, the most important of which is that Ibn Nujaym al-Hanafi was a distinguished jurist and Uṣūlī scholar, and a unique Mujtahid in his time. He was the one who solved people’s problems in the various economic and social developments of his time, and he made important contributions in the field of financial transactions, such as Kharāj, endowments, bribery, guaranteeing the rights of the treasury, long-term leasing, and other topics related to the jurisprudence of wealth.
Keywords: Contributions, Ibn Nujaym, Jurisprudence of Wealth, Acts of Worship, Transactions
Why did the Bosniaks Embrace Islam, Unlike the Serbs and Croats?
No full textAbstract: This article discusses the reasons, why, unlike their Serb and Croat neighbors, the Bosniaks embraced Islam. Though somewhat gradual, the process was both collective and earnest, amounting to a phenomenon rarely witnessed in the latter periods of Islamic civilization in general, and the expansion of the Ottoman Caliphate in particular. Different scholars have provided different perspectives on the enduring mystery. However, as religion has been politicized and nationalized in the Balkan region, and politics and nationalism have become intertwined with religion, the task of reconciling conflicting perspectives and establishing the truth has become increasingly complex. This article posits that, besides, several secondary socio-political and economic factors, religion was the primary driver behind the conversion of the Bosniaks. The unique faith and rituals of the Patarens in Bosnia, along with their Bosnian Church, had a notable impact on a large number of Bosniaks, including those in positions of power and authority. The Bosniaks were distinguished by their inclination towards openness, inquisitiveness, and pursuit of truth, unlike the Serbs and Croats who often let ethno-nationalism and faith-based chauvinism shape their religious and socio-cultural choices. A research methodology that integrates descriptive, interpretative, and analytical historical methods is employed in the entire work
Exploring Communal Harmony of Malaysia's Culturally and Religiously Diverse Society
Full text linkThis paper explores the communal harmony of Malaysia’s culturally and religiously diverse society including various ethnic groups with different religious and cultural backgrounds. It aims to investigate the role of Malaysia’s leadership in promoting such harmony and what are the right approaches to granting adequate management and sustainability. Contemporary Malaysia’s diverse community composition allows the Malaysian government to interact with Muslim and non-Muslim communities consisting of Malay, Chinese, and Indian races, for fostering social harmony in the country. This study is crucial as it discusses essential values that have contributed to the communal harmony between the adherents of various religious communities in Malaysia. Descriptive and analytical methods are used in the entire research. The focus of the discussion is on, the political setting of Malaysia, its cultural and educational diversity, inter-faith dialogue efforts in Malaysia, political endeavour in fostering social harmony, and social constructive moral values. The findings of this study conclude that communal harmony in Malaysia’s multiethnic, multireligious, multicultural, multiracial, and multilingual community, is promoted by the double-sided efforts of both Malaysia’s leaders and people by contributing to the future of the country’s development
Navigating the Challenges of Islamic Legal Institutions in a Secular Context: The Philippine Experience
Full text linkThis study aims to explore the historical development and contemporary challenges of Islamic legal institutions in the Philippines, with a particular focus on the intellectual contributions of Philippine Muslim scholars. It highlights the Luwaran of Maguindanao and the Diwan Tausūg as foundational legal frameworks that demonstrate the adaptability of Islamic law within the Philippine socio-cultural context. Central to understanding the Islamic legal system in the Philippines is the codification of Muslim Personal Laws, which marked a significant milestone in integrating Islamic jurisprudence into the national legal framework. However, the limitations of the Code, including its narrow scope and partial alignment with Islamic principles, underscore the complexities of implementing a comprehensive Islamic legal system in a non-Islamic state. Further, the article assesses the recognition of al-Sharī‘ah Courts and the legal provisions established under the Organic Act for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, emphasizing the importance of cultural pluralism and legal inclusivity in addressing the aspirations of the Muslim minority. The study employs a historical-analytical approach which endeavours to review the primary sources and the codified Muslim Personal Laws, as well as secondary sources like scholarly works on Philippine Islamic history and jurisprudence. Critical analysis of the Muslim Personal Laws and the Organic Act for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), will help trace the evolution of Islamic legal frameworks and identify their socio-cultural relevance. The study recommends the significance of legal integration or a comparative legal approach as a crucial instrument for identifying areas of harmony and divergence between Islamic jurisprudence and national law
The Classification of Knowledge in Islam: A Descriptive Analysis
Full text linkThe aim of this work is to describe the various types of knowledge in Islam. Islam places a greater emphasis on knowledge acquisition, dissemination, application, and preservation than any other religion. The Arabic term ‘ilm (knowledge), is regarded as one of the most frequently mentioned terms in the Qur’ān, whether as a noun, verb, or adjective. This work uses a descriptive analysis method based on desk research and draws on primary Islamic sources, namely, the Qur’ān and Ḥadīth, as well as secondary works on knowledge. The focus of the study is on the classification of knowledge, such as al-‘Ilm al-Mutlaq (Absolute knowledge), al-‘Ilm al-Muqayyad (limited knowledge), God-given knowledge, etc., including its importance based on its sources, acquisition, and application. The findings of this work show that knowledge is acquired through various sources that determine its definition, classification, interpretation, and application
Zeenath Kausar’s Views on Women’s Empowerment from an Islamic Perspective
No full textWomen’s empowerment is an ongoing process that goals to provide women with the necessary resources, knowledge, and agency to take control of their lives and contribute to society. Scholars, including Zeenath Kausar, have played a significant role in discussing women’s empowerment from an Islamic viewpoint. Kausar places great importance on equality, education, economic and marital rights, and active social and political participation for women. She presents an Islamic Action Plan as an alternative framework, incorporating both Islamic and Western ideologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of women’s empowerment. However, Kausar’s particular focus on the Qur’ānic perspective, exploration of Western political thinkers, and emphasis on practical action frameworks make her writings particularly noteworthy in the field of women’s empowerment. The objective of this paper is to highlights the role of Zeenath Kausar as a scholar who has played a significant role in discussing women’s empowerment within the context of Islam. The methodology of this research is qualitative. Kausar’s writings, including her books, articles, and speeches, will be subjected to content analysis. This method allows for a systematic examination of her key themes, arguments, and perspectives related to women’s empowerment by Islamic perspective
Issues of Islamic Spirituality and Moral Excellence in Higher Education
No full textThis research aims at discussing the issues of Islamic spirituality and moral excellence in higher education. The emphasis will be given not only on the crisis and chaos in the academia but also human lives as a whole. Hence, the aim of this paper is to explore and examine the nature of contemporary educational system. The research employs a qualitative methodology wherein the analysis is made of materials that include books, journal articles, newspaper cuttings, audio visuals and others. Some scholars have highlighted the crisis of higher education manifest in some technical dimensions such as drop out the students, high cost of living and increasing in tuition fees etc. However, one of the findings reveals that the real cause of crisis lies somewhere else. It is not the crisis in higher education alone but also in environment. The statistic available in the area of business, economy and political domain suggest that the real nature of crisis lies on lack of spiritual and moral dimension. Therefore, to solve some issues of higher education should commence with fixing the basis of spirituality and moral of mankind