Al-Risalah: Journal of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (ARJIHS)
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Abortion in Religious Perspectives: Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism
Get PDFAbortion is understood as the unnatural termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability. Religion is a key factor that control of morality in the society today. The arguments on the morality of abortion are often based on the religious beliefs. Hence, in this study, the researcher will discuss the argument of abortion particularly in three major religions in Malaysia which are Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. In order to study the topic, the researcher relies on the descriptive method and analytical method. One of the important findings of the research is that abortion as seen by Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism with each referring to their own sacred texts as a guiding foundation, did not support the abortion. However, all of these religions accept abortion as a means to save the mother's life. Thus, in order to curb the increasing number of abortions that carried out without any valid reason in nowadays secularization era, there are some measures that have to be taken seriously especially in religion, education, and cultural aspects.
Keywords: Abortion, Religious, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
Malay Linguistic Taboos: A Study on Social Acceptance and Gender Differences
Get PDFThe phenomenon of linguistic taboo has not been fully explored in Malay society. This paper attempts to bring this phenomenon into focus by investigating it in terms of social acceptance and gender differences. It examines the Malays’ perceptions of the concept and the use of linguistic taboos to express emotions. The paper also identifies and analyses which of the chosen categories of taboo words are deemed highly offensive and which are not. Besides that, it scrutinizes the extent to which there is a correlation between gender communication stereotypes and the use of taboo language. The study employs a qualitative approach where the researchers interviewed four respondents who study at the International Islamic University Malaysia. The data collected shows that linguistic taboos are accepted as a norm to express emotions, provided they do not offend the listeners. The results showed that among the studied categories of taboo words, the sexual act category is the most offensive while the death category is the least offensive. These findings make it clear that the ways these linguistic taboos are treated are conditioned by the culture and norms of the society. The study also dispelled the widely cited proposal by Robin Lakoff (1973) that women use politer forms of language. The findings indicate that it is acceptable for women nowadays to use linguistic taboos. 
أحوال المناسخات من خلال أحكام الفرائض في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة تطبيقية في محاكم شرعية بماليزيا
No full textملخص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة أحوال المناسخات، وتطبيقها على بعض أحكام الفرائض المختلفة، ثم اختيار الراجح من المسائل مع ذكر القول المختار عند المحاكم الشرعية بماليزيا، كما يلقي البحث الضوء على مدى سلطة المحاكم الشرعية وإجراءاتها في إدارة قضايا الفرائض عموماً والمناسخات على وجه الخصوص. وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لبيان طرق حلّ مسائل المناسخات، وتحليل أقوال أهل العلم في المسائل المختارة، والمنهج الاستقرائي لجمع المعلومات المطلوبة من المصادر المتنوعة، كما اعتمد البحث على الدراسة الميدانية؛ وذلك بإجراء المقابلات مع بعض المسؤولين في مجال الدراسة، ثم خلص البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها: أن اختلاف أحوال المناسخات يكون باختلاف ورثة الموتى ونصيبهم من الإرث، ومن ثم تتعدد طريقة العمل الحسابي لها. وأيضاً تنحصر سلطة المحكمة الشرعية بماليزيا لإدارة قضية الفرائض في إثبات نصيب الورثة وذلك من خلال إصدار شهادة الفرائض، وكونها مرجعاً عند حدوث أي خصومة تتعلق بأحكام الفرائض، ويوصي البحث المؤسسات المتعلقة بشؤون التركة بضرورة نشر الوعي بين المجتمع حول المسائل المتعلقة بالتركة، وتحسين الكفاءة الإدارية لتسهيل إجراءات تقسيم التركة، وأيضاً على مجالس الفتوى والقضاء في ماليزيا أن يتأكدوا من أن القوانين السائدة بهذا الصدد يتوافق مع روح الشريعة وأصولها ومقاصدها الكلية.Abstract:
This research aims to study the Circumstances of cases with more than one deceased (al-Munāsakhāt) and apply them to some of the disputed issues in Islamic inheritance law, then choose the preponderant opinion on the issues, mention the chosen opinion in the Sharia courts in Malaysia, and clarify the authority of the Sharia courts and their procedures in managing the Islamic inheritance issue in general and layered death of heirs in particular. The researcher relied on the descriptive-analytical approach to explain the methods of solving the layered death issue, and to analyze the sayings of scholars on the selected inheritance issues and to know the preponderant opinion of them. The inductive approach was also used to collect the required information from various sources, as well as the field study, by conducting interviews with some officers in the field of study. Then, the research concluded with a set of results, the most important of which are that the different conditions of the layered death are according to the difference of the heirs of the deceased and their share of the inheritance, and then the method of arithmetic work for them varies. Also, the authority of the Sharia court in Malaysia to administer the Islamic inheritance issue is limited to proving the share of the heirs by issuing the faraid certificate and as a reference when disputes related to the Islamic inheritance law occur. As for the disputed rulings in Islamic inheritance law among the scholars, the views differed between the researcher and what the Sharia courts in Malaysia chose in weighting (tarjīh) this issue. The study recommends the need for institutions related to inheritance affairs to spread awareness among the community about issues related to inheritance, and to improve the administrative efficiency to facilitate the procedures for dividing the inheritance, and also for the fatwa and judiciary council in Malaysia to ensure that the law, or the applicable and prevailing ruling, is consistent with the most appropriate jurisprudential opinions, and that it achieves the interests of Muslims and takes into account their circumstances
مشكلة نقاب المرأة وحله في ضوء القرآن والسنة خاصةً في أفغانستان
No full textملخص البحث:
المرأة محجبة في أفغانستان وتلبس النقاب، والبرقع بطيب نفسها، وكلهن محجبات وإن لم ترتدي بعضهن النقاب، فلا يعيرون الناس عليها، ومعظم الناس الآن لا يبالون في عدم ارتدائهن النقاب إذا كن محجبات؛ لأنهم يعرفون الفرق بين الحجاب والنقاب وحكمه، كما هو واضح من قِبل الشرع، وظاهر آراء المذاهب الأربعة في حكم النقاب، كما يقولون الأحناف والمالكية بأن موضوع النقاب يدخل في المصلحة التحسينية، فبالنسبة إلى ما قد أقرّه الحنفية والمالكية أن النقاب أمر مستحبّ وغير لازم، وقد يصير النقاب واجبا عند الخوف من الفتنة، فيصبح بذلك من المصلحة الحاجية عندهم. أما عند الشافعية والحنابلة، فيبدو أنهم يرون أن مسألة النقاب تدخل في المصلحة الحاجية؛ فلذا هو أمر ضروري ولازم، والتعليل عندهم انتشار الفتنة والأضرار التي تواجه المرأة المسلمة في المجتمع الإنساني؛ فإنه إذا تساهل الناس في أمر النقاب يتدرج في هدفه للمصالح، بدءً بهدم الأمور التحسينية، ثم يسير نحو هدم الأمور الحاجية، ومن معاصري العلماء مثل الشيخ ناصرالدين الألباني يرى كشف وجه المرأة، وأكد مرارا على أن الحجاب الشرعي لا يشمل تغطية الوجه بأي حال. وفي الحقيقة أن النقاب واجب عند بعض المتشددين السلفين والمتطرفين. والإشكالية العظيمة، أن في بلدي أفغانستان بعض الناس يزعمون أن النقاب من أمور السياسية لا الدينية، ولا يعتقدون بلبسه، ومن وجهة نظري، أن النقاب من المصالح الشرعية الحاجية والتحسينية، فيختلف باختلاف المجتمع وظروفه، أحيانا يكون ضروريا ولازما، وفي وقت ما يكون مباحا وغير لازم، فإذا كان خوف الفتنة والإضرار فيكون أمرا واجبا ومن المصالح الحاجية كما هو رأي الشوافع والحنابلة، وإلا فأمر مستحب ومن المصالح التحسينية والتزيينية كما هو رأي الحنفية والمالكية.Abstract:
Women are veiled and covered in Afghanistan and wear the niqab, and the burqa with their consent and satisfaction, and all of them are veiled although some of them do not wear the niqab, and the people do not blame them, and most people now do not care about not wearing the niqab if they are veiled; Because they know the difference between the veil and the niqab and its ruling and conditions, as it is clear from the Sharia perspective, and from the apparent views of the four Islamic sect regarding the ruling on the niqab, as the Hanafis and Malikis say that the subject of the niqab is coming under the purifying interest/ embellishment( tahsiniyat), so in this situation the niqab is a desirable and not obligatory issue, and some time because of fearing of fitnah(seduction), it becomes a compulsory issue and counted from the necessary interest(hajiyat).
As from the perspective of Shafi’is and Hanbalis, it seems that they say, that the issue of the niqab is become under the in the necessary interest( hajiyat; Therefore, according to their thoughts it is a necessary and compulsory issue, and their justification and reason is the spread of sedition( fitnah) and damages facing Muslim women in the human society; if people are negligent and indulgent regarding the issue of niqab, it progresses in its aim for the interests, beginning with the demolition of embellishment interests, and then leads towards the destruction of essential interest ( hajiyat). And among the contemporary sharia scholars, such as Sheikh Nasir al-Din al-Albani, sees uncovering a woman’s face, and he repeatedly emphasized that the legal/sharia veil does not include covering the face in any way. In fact, the niqab is obligatory from the view of some Salafi extremists and fundamentalist. But the big problem is that in my country Afghanistan some people claim that the niqab is a political matter, not a religious one, and they do not believe in wearing it.
From my point of view, the niqab is one of the sharia needful (hajiyah) and ameliorative (tahsiniyah) interests, and it varies according to society and its circumstances, sometimes it is necessary and mandatory, and at other times it is optional and not necessary. If there is fear of sedition and harm, then it is an obligatory issue and become one of the necessary issue, as ti is the opinion of the Shafi’i and the Hanbalis Otherwise, it is desirable and among the ameliorative and decorative interests, as it is the opinion of the Hanafis and the Malikis
Ethics from the perspective of Qur’an-Sunnah and the impact of digital world on students’ ethics in the modern time
Get PDFThe current age and world are referred to as the "Digital Age" and "Digital World," respectively. We are the residents of this digital universe. Digitalization influences every aspect of our lives. Technological progress has made lives easier and more beautiful. We are surrounded by digital technology from the moment we wake up to the moment we go to sleep. The Internet, smartphone, computer, or smart television is our constant companion. Nonetheless, his digitization of technology is also abused. which has a significant effect on adolescents and young students. Today, their ethics are on the verge of extinction. The goal of this study is to find out what bad things digital technology is doing to students right now so that students can be protected from these bad things in the future and their moral character can improve. The study is qualitative in nature, employing the textual analysis method to describe the ethics and examine the impact of digital world on students’ ethics in the modern time while describing its impact through the examination of articles, journals, books, previous research, reports, newspapers, and internet sources. This study provides a review of related literature on the topic by examining databases such as Google Scholar
The role of education to enhance literacy in Islam
Get PDFThis paper looks at how education helps people learn to read and write from an Islamic point of view. The ability to read and write is literacy, which is necessary for learning. The goal of this study is to show how the role of education in Islam enhances literacy skills by describing the principles of education and the institutionalization of education. The research brings important insight into acquiring literacy skills, which are most emphasized in Islamic education from the first revelation of the Holy Qur’an. The focus of discussion is on the concept of literacy and how the principles of education in Islam and the institutionalization of education in Islam enhance literacy skills. The analytical methods and historical description are used throughout the study. This work finds out that literacy abilities open the door to knowledge acquisition and are essential for the development of any nation. Additionally, Islam views education as a duty that must be fulfilled in order to ensure and promote literacy in both worldly and heavenly education. According to the history of Islamic education, institutionalizing education may successfully raise literacy rates
الحماية الجنائية للطفل في التشريعات القديمة والقوانين الدولية ومصادرها: الحماية الجنائية للطفل في التشريعات القديمة والقوانين الدولية
No full text حظيت الطفولة بحماية خاصة من الإنسان تتجلى في الاهتمام برعاية الطفل وحمايته من كل ما يعترض حياته من أخطار جسدية كانت أو نفسية ، وقد اختلفت درجات الاهتمام بهذا الطفل وبطرائق تنشئته عبر العصور وتوالي الحضارات والشرائع السماوية ، باختلاف حركة التقدم الفكري والثقافي لكل حضارة وديانة على حدة، ذلك أن حقوق الطفل قاعدة التفت حولها كل الأمم والشعوب على اختلاف توجهاتها الفكرية والعقدية، وامتدت عُرى الاهتمام بالطفل إلى شعوب العصر الحديث ، وقويت شوكتها إلى أن أصبح للطفل قوانين دولية خاصة بحمايته ، وكرست الجهود لتحقيقها والرقي بها في كل دول العالم ؛ولعل عرض نماذج من تطور هذه الحماية لحقوق الطفل عبر توالي الحضارات و الشرائع السماوية ، وما يقابلها من حقوقه في المواثيق الدولية الحديثة يكون كفيلا بغرس مبدأ أساسي في النفوس وهو كون دين الإسلام اهتم بالطفل اهتماما بالغا منذ آلاف السنين ومنحه من الرعاية والاهتمام والحقوق مالا يوجد في غيره، و لعل روعة البيان القرآني وهو يصف مراحل الطفولة ببلاغتي الإيجاز والإعجاز خير دليل على ذلك، في قوله سبحانه : ﴿ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِن كُنتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِّنَ الْبَعْثِ فَإِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُم مِّن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ مِن مُّضْغَةٍ مُّخَلَّقَةٍ وَغَيْرِ مُخَلَّقَةٍ لِّنُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ ۚ وَنُقِرُّ فِي الْأَرْحَامِ مَا نَشَاءُ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ۖ ﴾ .[ الحج : 5]
Abstract
Childhood enjoys special protection from the human being, which is reflected in the child's care and protection from all dangers that interfere in his life, whether physical or psychological. This is because the rights of the child are the foundation around which all nations and peoples revolve, regardless of their intellectual and ideological orientations. The development of this protection of the rights of the child through the succession of civilizations and heavenly laws and the corresponding rights in modern international charters will be sufficient to inculcate a basic principle in the souls that the Islamic religion has adopted. Great care of the child for thousands of years and giving him care, attention, and rights that are not found in anyone else, and perhaps the splendor of the Qur’anic statement that describes the stages of childhood in words of brevity and miraculous Ness is the best. . a proof of that: O People, if you should be in doubt about the Resurrection, then [consider that] indeed, We created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot, and then from a lump of flesh, formed and unformed - that We may show you. And We settle in the wombs whom We will for a specified term, then We bring you out as a child, and then [We develop you] that you may reach your [time of] maturity.
 
The Contributions of Islamic Social Financial Institutions in Realizing Sustainable Economic Recovery for the Muslim Communities in the Philippines
Get PDFFollowing the trends of world economies in their quest for a holistic framework and model that may contain the worst crisis that the global community is currently facing, the present study aims to show that there is an urgency for the revival of Islamic financial institutions: zakat, waqf, sadaqah, halal industry, and Islamic microfinance at the midst of a capitalistic system of economy. The purpose of the study is to re-discover the potential roles of Islamic financial institutions in securing a sustainable economic recovery that may uplift the socio-cultural and economic conditions of the Muslim communities in the Philippines. In addition, the study seeks to clarify that the economic label that describes the dormancy of Islamic social financial institutions does not stem from its sources, but rather, due to lack of recognition on the part of the government policymakers. Although the discourse of Islamic social finance is at its nascent stage, the study, however, found out that due to an integrated approach of Islamic social finance and its proper contextualization following the Shari’ah and the Philippine laws, a score of scholars, leaders, and intelligentsia have been convinced for the revival of Islamic financial institution and its mainstreaming with the national economic system.
 
Dawah Activities towards Youths in Bangladesh: Challemges and Prospects in the Light of Prophetc Model
Get PDFSince the independence of Bangladesh, much daÑwah works have been conducted in various ways either individually or jointly to spread the beauty of Islam. Somehow, these daÑwah entities appear to be less alert to the youth's concerns. As a result, the basic teachings and principles of Islam still remained blurry to the Bangladeshi Muslim youth. As a result, the Muslim youth of Bangladesh is rising to develop anti-Islamic sentiments and thoughts. The present study will examine the claimed issues and concerns as a qualitative study, data collections will depend on textual analysis, contemporary reports, document analysis, and internet sources. Besides, some semi semi-structured interviews will be conducted with the daÑwah experts in Bangladesh. So, the objective of the study will be to set up the major challenges in presenting Islamic daÑwah to the Muslim youth in Bangladesh with the implementation of the Prophetic Method of daÑwah and some recommendations. The constructive proposal will act as a turning point in daÑwah work among the Bangladeshi youth especially and the scholars of contemporary times will get benefit more
The Islamic principles and guidelines to Household Solid Waste Management
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Islam is a progressive religion that covers all aspects of human life, including social, economic, and the environment. The Islamic traditions in numerous occasions have called for environmental protection, waste management (including household solid waste), and appreciation of resources. It is obvious that part of the environmental crises and waste of resources mankind is facing today, is due to his spiritual malaise, and the failure to account for the God-given resources. To this effect, this paper analyses the Islamic instructions and principles, and their application to household solid waste management. The paper adopted content analyses of primary resources (Qur'an and Sunnah), commentaries of exegetes and jurists, and relevant Islamic principles and Islamic legal maxims to address the issue at hand. The paper concluded that the shared vision and wisdom of the Islamic teachings and tradition should reflect our common values and commitments to the welfare of the people and the environment. On this occasion, the paper recommends that the Islamic teachings on the subject matter can make a distinctive contribution to that vision by infusing man’s preservation of the natural environment particularly to the management of household solid waste with transcendent (revealed) values and ethics that look toward the common interest and welfare of humanity as a whole and the environment.