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Probing oxygen ion transport in solid state oxides: A technical review
No full textInternational audienceThe study of ion transport in solid state ionic materials underpins the fast development of many electrochemical technologies such as solid state batteries, solid oxide cells, proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells. In order to obtain the ion transport dynamics, different in situ and ex situ techniques have been developed to probe ion transport while each method has its inherent merits and weaknesses. The choice of the method for measuring ionic mass transport primarily depends upon the appropriacy and accessibility of the technique based on sample properties, targeted information of interest and technical limitations. This review introduces aspects of the underlying principles, discusses and compares different techniques available to date in the literature to obtain oxygen mass transport kinetics, primarily focussing on experimental techniques, in particular the isotope exchange depth profiling and electrical conductivity relaxation methods, together with a brief introduction on computational tools
Evidence for the absence of a relationship between inflammation and cognition in a cohort of 1565 individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders: a Bayesian analysis of network
No full textInternational audiencePrevious studies have reported variable associations between peripheral inflammatory markers and cognitive functioning in individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD), with some identifying significant links and others finding no relationship. Such inconsistencies raise important questions about the role of inflammation in cognitive impairment among individuals with BSD. This study aims to investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers and cognitive function in a clinical sample of individuals with BSD using a Bayesian network analysis framework. We analyzed data from a large cohort (n = 1565) focusing on hsCRP and a subsample (n = 249) that included concurrent assessments of additional cytokines including Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha. A Bayesian approach was utilized to quantify uncertainty regarding the presence or absence of associations between inflammation and cognitive function. Our findings revealed no significant associations between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance in both samples. Strong evidence was found supporting the absence of association, with network analysis indicating distinct clusters for cognitive and inflammatory variables, suggesting they function as independent constructs with limited interactions. In our clinical sample of individuals with BSD, our findings do not support a direct association between some inflammatory markers and cognition, aligning with studies that found minimal or no associations. Our study emphasizes the importance of utilizing Bayesian methods to assess these relationships rigorously and suggests further exploration of individual differences and subgroup effects in future research
Enhancing the aromatic profile and sensory properties of wine via interactions between Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textInternational audienceZygosaccharomyces bailii is a non-conventional wine yeast, traditionally recognized for its spoilage potential in food and beverages. However, strain-level variability within this species presents an opportunity to identify efficient, non-spoilage strains with promising applications as wine starter cultures. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between indigenous strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Z. bailii used as fermentation starters within the wine environment, emphasizing their impact on the aromatic profile and sensory characteristics of the final product. In an initial fermentation assay, pure and mixed cultures of Z. bailii and two S. cerevisiae strains were separately inoculated, while fermentation kinetics and population dynamics were monitored. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the impact of different inoculation strategies, the most efficient S. cerevisiae strain was selected for a second fermentation assay, where sequential and simultaneous coinoculations were compared to pure cultures of Z. bailii and S. cerevisiae. Fermentation kinetics, microbial dynamics, and oenological properties were analyzed. The wine's aromatic profile was assessed via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while sensory analysis provided a holistic evaluation of inoculation modality effect. Overall, the mixed cultures of Z. bailii and S. cerevisiae enhanced the fermentation rate and promoted the growth of Z. bailii population, suggesting cooperative behavior. Moreover, Z. bailii revealed interesting oenological properties such as, tolerance to alcohol, fructophilic behavior, ability to consume malic acid, and liberation of varietal thiols. In conclusion, co-inoculation modality proved to be the most effective inoculation strategy, producing wines with enhanced citrus, passion fruit, and floral notes
Social vulnerability increases the risk of death differently in men and women: longitudinal analysis over 15 years in the Paquid Study
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Difficultés et défis actuels de l’inspection du travail dans les pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest
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Environmental Assessment for Upscaling: an LCA-based eco-design process for design teams
No full textInternational audienceThe upscaling of technologies is a socio-technical phenomenon covering technological development and deployment in society to meet societal imperatives (e.g. sustainability). It is characterized by five archetypes, each encompassing specific design practices and models referring to a great variety of consequences on industrial systems. However, these upscaling archetypes are not addressed in current eco-design practices, and even less so in a unified way. This research paper, based on a literature review on LCA, upscaling, and eco-design, presents a new LCA-based design process, titled Environmental Assessment for Upscaling (EAU). This methodological contribution constitutes upscaling environmental assessment guidelines for design team stakeholders (e.g. technical expert, lifecycle expert, company manager). Its originality is to propose a structure favouring the emergence of an accurate consideration of the environmental aspects of the upscaling with an aggregated approach of the upscaling archetype modelling. The EAU process clarifies the main points of interest in the LCA practices related to upscaling assessment from various LCA communities. This methodology follows six necessary steps, and relies on original and interlinked categories of upscaling parameters, enabling design teams to consider the upscaling as a whole during the eco-design process. Four additional resources to guide design team stakeholder collaboration are presented in parallel, with a focus on lifecycle engineering. Finally, the operationalization of the EAU process is discussed considering the LCA standard as a vector of integration in companies. Reinforcing the EAU process’ use could help design teams manage sustainability consistently and support the necessary ecological shifts at the company level
Perspectives de l’action publique au regard des transitions et des crises : un déterminant de santé au travail
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Cold hardiness mechanisms and modeling: existing approaches and future avenues
No full textInternational audienceCold hardiness models are useful tools to predict cold damage in plants, such as those produced by unseasonal temperature cycles or by increased cold exposure. Although development of these models started about five decades ago, their applications remain limited. We describe the main paradigms driving the different types of cold hardiness models (empirical to process-based), their similarities and differences. Among the existing paradigms, process-based models are built to translate physiological mechanisms into mathematical functions over a broad range of climatic conditions, thus making them more accurate for studying the effect of climate change. Different approaches have been developed in predicting cold hardiness: (1) empirical relationships between temperature and cold hardiness; (2) phenological processes controlling acclimation and deacclimation rates; (3) phenological and physiological processes predicting cold hardiness through the osmo-hydric approach; and (4) molecular regulation driving the metabolic drivers of cold hardiness. For the first three approaches, we describe the context, the experimental and field observations that defined their frameworks as well as their limitations. To increase the realism of cold hardiness models, we describe the potential of a fourth approach, based on the perception of environmental signals, how it translates into cold acclimation/deacclimation and provide recommendations to develop this framework.Les modèles de résistance au froid sont des outils utiles pour prédire les dommages causés par le froid aux plantes, tels que ceux provoqués par des cycles de température inhabituels ou des froids intenses. Bien que ces modèles aient été développés depuis plus de 50 ans, leurs applications restent limitées. Nous décrivons les principaux paradigmes des différents types de modèles de résistance au froid (empiriques ou basés sur des processus), leurs similitudes et leurs différences. Parmi les paradigmes existants, les modèles basés sur des processus sont conçus pour traduire les mécanismes physiologiques en fonctions mathématiques sur un large éventail de conditions climatiques, ce qui les rend plus précis pour étudier les effets du changement climatique. Différentes approches ont été développées pour prédire la résistance au froid: (1) les relations empiriques entre la température et la résistance au froid; (2) les processus phénologiques contrôlant le taux d'acclimatation et de désacclimatation; (3) les processus phénologiques et physiologiques prédisant la résistance au froid par l'approche osmo‐hydrique; et (4) la régulation moléculaire régissant les facteurs métaboliques de la résistance au froid. Pour les trois premières approches, nous décrivons le contexte, les observations expérimentales et de terrain qui ont défini leur cadre ainsi que leurs limites. Afin d'accroître le réalisme des modèles de résistance au froid, nous décrivons le potentiel d'une quatrième approche, basée sur la perception des signaux environnementaux, la manière dont elle se traduit en modulatiion de la résistance au froid, et nous formulons des recommandations pour développer ce cadre
HOT-POT: Optimal Transport for Sparse Stereo Matching
No full textStereo vision between images faces a range of challenges, including occlusions, motion, and camera distortions, across applications in autonomous driving, robotics, and face analysis. Due to parameter sensitivity, further complications arise for stereo matching with sparse features, such as facial landmarks. To overcome this ill-posedness and enable unsupervised sparse matching, we consider line constraints of the camera geometry from an optimal transport (OT) viewpoint. Formulating camera-projected points as (half)lines, we propose the use of the classical epipolar distance as well as a 3D ray distance to quantify matching quality. Employing these distances as a cost function of a (partial) OT problem, we arrive at efficiently solvable assignment problems. Moreover, we extend our approach to unsupervised object matching by formulating it as a hierarchical OT problem. The resulting algorithms allow for efficient feature and object matching, as demonstrated in our numerical experiments. Here, we focus on applications in facial analysis, where we aim to match distinct landmarking conventions.18 pages, 10 figures, 6 table