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TSA et difficultés majeures d’intelligibilité chez l’enfant : effet de la méthode PROMPT dans le cadre d’une rééducation orthophonique
No full textIn the context of children with ASD, the literature recommends early and comprehensive therapeutic interventions, with the goal of providing them with the best possible quality of life. However, there is a lack of research regarding the benefits of specific interventions for managing ASD, particularly in relation to oral language difficulties. Our study focuses on this aspect, aiming to evaluate the effect of the PROMPT technique (Prompt for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets), which is recommended for the treatment of verbal dyspraxia, on four children with ASD and significant speech intelligibility difficulties. We hypothesize that their oral production performance in a word repetition task will improve through this intervention. To investigate this, our study follows a SCED (Single-Case Experimental Design) format, consisting of five measurements in Phase A and five in Phase B. Additionally, we included two assessments: one pre-intervention and one post-intervention. For each measurement, participants were given a single randomized word list to perform an oral repetition task. The results were evaluated by myself using several tools. The results of our study show a significant improvement in oral production performance for the trained word list in two out of four participants. However, our only measure of generalization—assessing whether the trained phonemes were produced correctly in untrained words—did not confirm such generalization. Furthermore, no transfer was observed for untrained phonemes in an untrained lexical set. In conclusion, the PROMPT technique appears to be a relevant intervention for children with ASD who also present speech production difficulties affecting intelligibility.La littérature recommande, pour les enfants présentant un TSA, des prises en soin thérapeutiques globales et précoces, avec pour objectif de leur offrir une qualité de vie optimale. Toutefois, nous relevons un manque de littérature concernant l’intérêt d’interventions spécifiques pour les prises en soin des TSA, notamment dans le cadre de difficultés de langage oral. Ainsi, notre étude s’intéresse à cet aspect et nous aspirons à mesurer l’effet de la technique PROMPT (Prompt for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets), recommandée pour la rééducation de la dyspraxie verbale, sur 4 enfants présentant un TSA et des difficultés majeures d’intelligibilité. Nous supposons que les performances de production orale sur une liste de mots s’amélioreront grâce à celle-ci. Pour cela, notre étude suit un format SCED, composé de 5 mesures en phase A ainsi que 5 autres en phase B. À cela, nous avons ajouté deux bilans, pré et post intervention. Pour chaque mesure, une seule liste de mots, randomisée, a été proposée aux participants, sur une tâche de production orale en répétition. Les résultats ont été évalués par moi-même à l’aide de plusieurs outils. Les résultats de notre étude reflètent une amélioration significative des performances de production orale pour la liste de mots travaillés pour 2 participants sur 4. En revanche, notre unique mesure de généralisation de la production des phonèmes travaillés à d’autres mots n’a pas pu confirmer celle-ci, et nous n’avons pas non plus relevé de généralisation pour des phonèmes non travaillés dans un lexique non travaillé. En somme, la technique PROMPT semble pertinente pour des enfants présentant un TSA associé à des difficultés d’élocution nuisant à leur intelligibilité
Reevaluating the role of the STN-GPe network in generating beta synchronized oscillatory activity in parkinsonism
No full textInternational audienc
Quiescence Multiverse
No full textInternational audienceCellular quiescence is operationally defined as a temporary and reversible cessation of proliferation. This state encompasses a wide range of physiological situations since most cells, from microbes to cells composing complex tissues, spend most of their lives non-dividing, waiting for signals to reproliferate. As such, individual quiescent cells must withstand the effects of time not only to survive but also to maintain their ability to divide. These capacities are shaped by a combination of deterministic factors relying on cell history and cumulative stochastic events linked to the environment but also to time. In addition, with time, quiescence deepens, the quiescence exit process being extended. Yet, this deepening is not necessarily sensed evenly by each individual quiescent cell, and some cells exit quiescence faster than others. Hence, time generates heterogeneity within quiescent cell populations, heterogeneity that, in turn, increases cell population resilience and robustness to time. In this review, we discuss some of the loops that link quiescence and time
TRPV1 Deletion Enhances Consumption but Not Seeking Behavior for Sweetened Nicotine Solution in Male Mice
No full textInternational audienceNicotine is not only the primary addictive component of smoking but it also greatly contributes to the sensory properties of tobacco. Consequently, investigating the orosensory effects of nicotine is essential to understand the vulnerability to initial stages of cigarette smoking. Within the oral cavity, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors (TRPV1Rs) are responsible for sensations such as chili peppers-induced pungency and oral burning, and these receptors are activated by nicotine. Here, we hypothesized that TRPV1Rs contribute to the irritant and burning sensations induced by nicotine, and that its dysfunction may promote vulnerability to nicotine addiction. To test this, adult male mice with invalidation of the TRPV1R gene were exposed to oral self-administration of nicotine solution allowing us to examine the key steps of the addictive process, namely acquisition and maintenance of taking behavior, motivation to obtain the drug and nicotine seeking behavior. We found that in comparison to wild-type mice, knockout mice consumed significantly higher amounts of nicotine both at the training dose and across the dose-response curve. Despite the increased consumption of nicotine by KO mice, this did not promote greater motivational properties of nicotine or cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in the absence of reinforcer. Altogether, these results suggest that decreased function of the TRPV1Rs prevents the development of aversion of nicotine solution, which may contribute to a heightened vulnerability to nicotine initiation
Toux chroniques réfractaires aux traitements médicamenteux ou inexpliquées : influence de la prise en soin orthophonique sur la qualité de vie des patients
No full textCough, a defense mechanism of the airways, sometimes goes beyond its protective function to become a disease in its own right. When it persists for more than 8 weeks, the cough becomes chronic and a diagnostic investigation is established. However, in some cases, no specific cause can be identified, and the cough is said to be Refractory Chronic Cough (CRC). Its impact on patient’s quality of life is considerable, making non-pharmacological alternatives, such as speech therapy, all the more relevant. Our study focuses on the influence of speech and language therapy on the different aspects of patient’s quality of life. To this end, a sample of six patients completed the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at three specific points in time: before treatment, after treatment and two months after the follow-up ended. A significant improvement in quality of life was observed following rehabilitation, with a tendency for the effects to persist over time.La toux, mécanisme de défense des voies aériennes, dépasse parfois ses fonctions de protection pour devenir une maladie à part entière. Lorsqu’elle persiste pendant plus de 8 semaines, la toux devient chronique et une recherche diagnostique est établie. Il arrive cependant qu’aucune cause spécifique ne soit identifiée, on parle alors de Toux Chronique Réfractaire aux traitements ou Inexpliquée (TOCRI). Son retentissement sur la qualité de vie des patients est considérable, rendant les alternatives non pharmacologiques, telles que la prise en soin orthophonique, d'autant plus pertinentes. Notre étude s'intéresse à l’influence d’une prise en soin orthophonique sur les différents aspects de la qualité de vie des patients. Pour cela, un échantillon de six patients à répondu au Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) et à une Échelle Visuelle Analogique (EVA) à trois moments spécifiques : avant le début de la prise en soin orthophonique, après la prise en soin et deux mois après l'arrêt du suivi. Les résultats vont dans le sens d’une amélioration significative de la qualité de vie suite à la rééducation, avec une tendance à la persistance des effets dans le temps
Machine Learning for Compositional Microbiome Data to Predict a Clinical Outcome: Are Interpretable Methods Up to the Task?
No full textInternational audienceMicrobiome data are inherently compositional and pose unique challenges for clinical prediction. This study compares interpretable and complex machine learning approaches for predicting a composite clinical outcome in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) treated with lumacaftor/ivacaftor. The binary composite outcome combined nutritional and pulmonary improvement at 12 months. We evaluated classic Lasso and Random forests models (with forced clinical covariates), FLORAL and Graph Neural Network (GNN) models (tailored to microbiome data) across compositional transformations (CLR, ALR, ILR, arcsine, PA, rCLR, and spline-based discretization). Feature stability was assessed across cross-validation folds. Random Forests and Lasso achieved the highest and most stable discrimination (ROC-AUC around 0.9), outperforming FLORAL and GNN. While transformation choice had limited impact on predictive accuracy, it affected feature correlations and may influence model interpretability. Model performance was probably constrained by the outcome complexity and missing clinical values, underscoring the need for more robust regularization and representation strategies. These findings highlight both the promise and limits of interpretable models for microbiome based prediction in cystic fibrosis
Biohybrid microstructured hydrogels obtained via in situ extracellular matrix deposition and decellularization using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>
No full textInternational audienceIn recent decades, our understanding of biomaterials has shifted from seeing them simply as physical supports for cells or drug delivery platforms to recognizing their active and dynamic role in tissue repair, guided by their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Biologically derived materials such as the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) offer the advantage of replicating the biomolecular cellular environment and have been proposed for tissue regeneration. However, their use as scaffolds is hindered by poor mechanical properties and limited tunability of physical features. Herein, we fabricated a bioinspired hybrid hydrogel by integrating a chemically cross-linked microporous polysaccharide scaffold with native ECM directly secreted by cells. First, the scaffold synthesis and culture conditions were optimized to enhance ECM deposition by fibroblasts. To obtain an acellular scaffold, decellularization using supercritical CO2 was performed and compared to a conventional method, demonstrating its superiority in ensuring efficient decellularization while preserving an enriched ECM lining the surface of the pores and preventing scaffold damage. The biohybrid hydrogel was characterized by a very low amount of DNA (<5 ng DNA mg −1 ) and a network of highly interconnected pores covered by an abundant ECM including collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, elastin and laminin. This work presents a new versatile strategy that can be adapted to various tissues to engineer biomimetic microstructured materials overcoming the limitations associated with polymer-based and dECM-based strategies when used independently
FASER: a tool for vectorial point spread function simulation with applications in stimulated emission depletion microscopy
No full textInternational audienceWe introduce FASER, a software package designed to simulate the excitation point spread functions (PSFs) of microscopes. It is written in Python as a plugin for the open-source platform Napari. Using a full-vectorial computational approach to simulate the electromagnetic fields within the focal region makes precise predictions and allows detailed analyses of excitation PSFs. FASER is intended as a pedagogical tool enabling users to explore the impacts of various geometrical and optical parameters of practical importance on the performance of the microscope. It supports the modeling of complex beam profiles, including donut and bottle-shaped beams, which are commonly used in advanced microscopy techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Through specific simulations and accessible illustrations, we showcase FASER’s capabilities in capturing characteristic features of STED microscopy, making it a practical resource for researchers and students in optical microscopy to explore and optimize high-resolution imaging techniques
Endogenous endophthalmitis complicating infective endocarditis: a multicentre case-matched control cohort
No full textInternational audienceAims Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is a rarely reported complication of infective endocarditis (IE). In an international series, we sought to determine the clinical and microbiological profile, treatment, and outcome of patients presenting with IE-related EE. Methods and results Cases recorded from 2014 to 2023 in nine centres in Europe and the United States were collected. Results were compared to a matched control group. Conclusion Sixty-six patients with EE were reported, mean age of 65.2 ± 14.9 years, 71% (n = 47) male. Blood cultures were positive in 97% (64 cases) of patients, with a predominance of streptococci (46%, n = 30). As compared with the control group (n = 264), the EE group presented with more frequent diabetes (35% vs. 21%, P = 0.02), history of cirrhosis (9% vs. 3%, P = 0.04), glomerulonephritis (15% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.001), embolism before admission (92% vs. 55%, P < 0.001), and Janeway lesions (9% vs. 1%, P = 0.002). Streptococcal infection (46% vs. 26%, P = 0.001) was more frequent and Enterococcal infection (0% vs. 18%, P < 0.001) less frequent in the EE group. The main ocular symptoms were a decrease in visual acuity (96%), red eye (55%), and ocular pain (55%). Treatment of EE consisted of intravitreal antibiotic injection in 55 (83%) patients and vitrectomy in 17 (26%). Improvement of visual acuity was observed in 36 (55%) patients. Conclusion EE is a serious complication of IE with severe residual vision impairment. Patients with IE should be evaluated for ocular complications, since early detection of EE is crucial to prevent delays in management and to preserve visual function