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Legitimacy of life cycle assessment for sustainable communities
No full textInternational audienceLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been developed within companies with high environmental impacts, and is widely used in industrial contexts. More recently, LCA has gained importance in sustainable communities. Thus, in this paper we aim to answer the question: how legitimate is the LCA method for sustainable communities, regarding their values, practices and goal? For this purpose, we conducted an experiment rooted in a sustainable community. We observed the work of a focus group composed of seven residents of a sustainable community, who conducted an LCA with the support of an LCA expert (the researcher conducting the study). Each focus group session was recorded and analysed using a qualitative method (thematic coding). Focusing on moral and cognitive legitimacy, our study highlighted three main themes: the tracking of material flows within a community, the notion of complexity, and the dissemination of results. We identified certain tensions between LCA practices and the residents’ beliefs. Nonetheless, the output of LCA could still be valuable for residents, especially in terms of communicating their alternative way of life. It is also worth noting that the barriers to LCA adoption are similar in both industrial contexts and sustainable communities. We conclude on the need to better understand the role of LCA as a strategy for sustainable communities to upscale their way of life, while also acknowledging the persistent (and necessary) tensions in terms of values and organization
Targeted Photodynamic Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Innovations from Fundamentals to <i>In Vivo</i> and Clinical Applications (2020-2025)
No full textInternational audiencePhotodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a clinically-approved medical modality to treat different types of localised conditions such as cancer, infections or skin conditions. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly cancer displaying a dramatic overall prognosis that has barely improved in decades as the majority of PC patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage and cannot benefit of surgical resection which is the only curative treatment, the overall 5-year survival rate remains extremely low. Thus, finding new therapies for non-metastatic PC to improve local control as a bridge to surgical resection and improve survival outcomes remains a huge challenge. In this context, PDT could be an interesting option. This review will focus on the use of PDT with targeted photosensitisers or nanoparticles to treat PC in recent studies (2020-2025) from in vitro to in vivo experiments and clinical applications
Animal models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Diversity and validity
No full textInternational audienceAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread neurodevelopmental disorders globally, marked by chronic symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Its multifactorial origin and phenotypic heterogeneity make it a complex condition, and despite substantial research, the precise causes of ADHD remain poorly understood. A significant challenge in advancing ADHD research is the lack of a unified resource that consolidates animal models across different species and considers the diversity of ADHD subtypes and associated coexisting conditions. This lack of standardization of the models delays progress in developing a deeper understanding of the neuronal and molecular mechanisms behind the disorder, which is essential to advance its treatment. This review aims to bridge this gap by offering a comprehensive compilation of available animal models used in ADHD research, accompanied by an evaluation of their validity. It is essential for researchers to have access to a range of models, each selected based on the specific scientific objectives and hypotheses of their studies. The review highlights that an extensive approach to studying ADHD, including its various dimensions and associated conditions, requires the use of multiple animal models. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of assessing the mechanisms and broader effects of current pharmacological treatments while also exploring novel therapeutic possibilities. By providing a clearer and more structured resource, this work pursues to assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate models for their investigations. Additionally, it aims to contribute to the broader understanding of ADHD neurobiology, offering new perspectives for new models and the potential for more targeted therapeutic strategies. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders globally, is marked by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. This review evaluates animal models for ADHD and its coexisting conditions, emphasizing the need for diverse models to reflect its complexity. It underscores the importance of selecting appropriate models to address specific research goals and investigates current and potential pharmacological treatments, providing a vital resource for advancing ADHD research and improving therapeutic approaches
THE LOCAL DIRICHLET INTEGRAL AND APPLICATIONS
No full textWe study the local Dirichlet integral of distance functions and their behavior within the harmonic Dirichlet space. We provide estimates for the local Dirichlet integral of distance functions, which allow us to study their membership in the algebra of multipliers of the Dirichlet space. We give sufficient condition for a closed subset of the unit circle to be polar and we also examine cyclicity in the harmonic Dirichlet spaces
Step-by-step description of methodology based on combined electrochemical techniques for sulfite monitoring in real-time
No full textInternational audienceThe demand for efficient sulfite monitoring is increasing in the food industry, particularly within the wine sector. Although electrochemical techniques offer considerable advantages for industrial applications, further improvements are necessary to enhance stability and minimize interference in complex matrices, such as wine. The absence of real-time in-situ sensing solutions highlights the need to explore novel approaches for data analysis. This work aims to describe, step-by-step, a novel sensing methodology based on several electrochemical techniques, complemented by data processing algorithms that enable the quantification of sulfites. Tests were conducted using both commercially available gold electrodes and electrodes functionalized with metalloporphyrins, developed in the laboratory. The coordination methodology for Pt-porphyrin is described in this article, using H₂TPPF₂₀ as the starting macrocycle. The final reaction yield was 0.80. After fitting the pulsed amperometry results to a non-linear model, the extracted hyperparameters were used to construct a linear response curve, yielding promising results for both the gold electrodes (r2 = 0.98) and the Pt-porphyrin-modified electrodes (r2 = 0.99). Impedance measurements, when performed at a frequency of 10 Hz, allowed differentiation between the behavior of the target analyte and of interfering events. The results have the potential to impact the industrial sector in the near future
Unprecedented polyvinyl polymer loading on SWCNTs in the liquid phase
No full textInternational audienceOutstanding adsorption capacities of three polyvinyl polymers on single-walled carbon nanotubes
MicroCT X-ray profile of dental biomaterials as a tool for identification in forensic odontology
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Algebraic hierarchical partitioning to improve H-matrix compression
No full textInternational audienceSolving large dense problems is a challenging task in many industrial applications such as computational electromagnetics. H-matrices may solve these problems efficiently while significantly reducing storage requirements. The compression rate and efficiency of H-matrices depend on the partitioning of the unknowns. This partitioning must be hierarchical and should respect geometric criteria in order to maximize compression. A fixed block size constraint is added to accommodate load balancing and performance concerns on HPC runtime systems. Numerous partitioning schemes exist, but few meet all requirements. Some geometric methods such as recursive coordinates bipartition, space-filling curves and cobblestone sorting provide acceptable results whereas algebraic graph partitioner generally do not. We propose a method to build a graph from the mesh to combine geometric and physical properties, suited to provide adapted partitions reliably. We review fitting geometric partitioning methods and compare them to our algebraic approach using relevant metrics such as compression rates before and after factorization and execution time of H-matrix assembly, factorization and solving step. We also study resulting partitions based on their volume, overlap and distance. Our contribution shows significant improvements in compression rates and execution times for complex 3D objects with multiple materials which are representative of industrial applications.</div
Life cycle inventories of global metal and mineral supply chains: a comprehensive data review, analysis and processing
No full textInternational audienceReliable life cycle inventory (LCI) data are key to consistent life cycle assessment (LCA) results. This study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of existing public LCI data related to metals and minerals production. It aims to deliver LCI models representing current supply chains and markets. For that purpose, this study conducts an in-depth analysis (including data quality) of 285 LCI datasets drawn from 130 different LCA studies related to metals and minerals. Following a selection process and a harmonised data compilation, processing and modelling approach, 220 individual LCI datasets were developed, covering 53 metal and mineral elements and distinguishing 163 production routes differentiated from geographical, geological, technological or material perspectives. Finally, these LCI datasets were gathered into market datasets, depicting global supply mixes. Elements such as germanium or manganese showed a limited market coverage, contrary to others such as lithium or aluminium.Available in open access, the high-resolution LCI datasets here developed offer key perspectives for a better modelling of metal and mineral supply chains in LCA, in turn contributing to higher quality LCAs of downstream product systems utilising these materials. At the same time, this study reveals several data gaps, paving the way for further data improvement