Portail HAL U-Bordeaux
Not a member yet
125366 research outputs found
Sort by
Contribution of Rat Insular Cortex to Stimulus-Guided Action
No full textInternational audienceAnticipating rewards is fundamental for decision-making. Animals often use cues to assess reward availability and to make predictions about future outcomes. The gustatory region of the insular cortex (IC), the so-called gustatory cortex, has a well-established role in the representation of predictive cues, such that IC neurons encode both a general form of outcome expectation and anticipatory outcomespecific knowledge. Here, we used pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) in male rats to assess if the IC is also required for predictive cues to exert both a general and specific influence over instrumental actions. Chemogenetic inhibition of IC impaired the ability of a reward-predictive stimulus to energize instrumental responding for reward. This deficit in general transfer was evident whether the same or different outcomes were used in the pavlovian and instrumental conditioning phases. We observed a similar deficit in specific PIT, such that rats with IC inhibition failed to use a reward-predictive stimulus to guide choice toward actions that deliver the same food reward. Finally, we show that rats with IC inhibition also fail to show outcome-selective reinstatement. Together, these data suggest a crucial role for IC in the representation of appetitive outcomes and particularly in using this representation to guide instrumental action.</div
La grossesse chez la femme malade rénale chronique : prééclampsie, prématurité et devenir rénal. Étude monocentrique de 193 grossesses sur 10 ans
No full textBackground and objectives: pregnancy is a significant challenge for women with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pregnancy itself can accelerate CKD progression and is associated with a high risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to identify risk factors for preeclampsia, prematurity and CKD progression in pregnant patients with CKD. Methods: we conducted a retrospective, observational, single-center study at the Bordeaux university hospital. We analysed data from adult patients with CKD who gave birth between 2013 and 2022. The following outcomes were studied: preeclampsia, CKD progression, and prematurity. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify risk factors. Results: there were 193 pregnancies in 153 women, including 26 pregnancies in renal transplant recipients. Preeclampsia occurred in 23.8% of pregnancies. Primiparity (aOR= 3.39; 95% CI: 1.14 11.31) and diabetes (aOR= 6.47; 95% CI: 1.61-28.98) were identified as risk factors. Among all pregnancies, 14% had an adverse renal outcome. CKD stage 1 (aOR= 0.05; 95% CI: 0-0.29) was identified as a protective factor for CKD progression compared to CKD stages 2-3-4-5, while an absence of functional creatinine reserve (aOR= 5.28; 95% CI: 1.24-27.54) was a risk factor. eGFR trajectories varied according to both CKD stage and transplant status. Finally, prematurity occurred in 36.3% of pregnancies, with diabetes (aOR= 36.23; 95% CI: 6.87-257.74) identified as a risk factor. Conclusion: CKD increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Identifying patients most at risk could help nephrologists provide appropriate counselling and surveillance during pregnancy. Keywords: chronic kidney disease, pregnancy, preeclampsia, prematurity, CKD progression, risk factors.Introduction : la grossesse est un défi pour les femmes malades rénales chroniques (MRC). Elle est elle-même un facteur de risque de progression de la MRC, et elle s’accompagne d’un risque accru de complications materno-fœtales. Cette étude avait pour but d’identifier les facteurs de risque de prééclampsie, prématurité et progression de la MRC chez les patientes enceintes MRC. Méthodes : nous avons mené une étude rétrospective, observationnelle, monocentrique au centre hospitalier universtaire (CHU) de Bordeaux. Les données de patientes adultes MRC ayant accouché entre 2013 et 2022 ont été analysées. Les événements d’intérêt étudiés étaient la prééclampsie, la progression de la MRC et la prématurité. Des modèles de régression logistique multivariée ont été réalisés pour identifier les facteurs de risque. Résultats : 193 grossesses chez 153 patientes ont été étudiées, dont 26 chez des patientes transplantées rénales. La prééclampsie a compliqué 23,8 % des grossesses. La primiparité (aOR= 3.39; 95% CI: 1.14-11.31) et le diabète (aOR= 6.47; 95% CI: 1.61-28.98) étaient des facteurs de risque. Un événement rénal défavorable est survenu dans 14 % des grossesses. Le stade MRC 1 (aOR= 0.05; 95% CI : 0-0.29) était protecteur par rapport aux stades 2-3-4-5, l’absence de réserve fonctionnelle rénale (aOR= 5.28; 95% CI: 1.24-27.54) était un facteur de risque. L’évolution du DFG variait selon le stade de MRC et le statut de greffe. La prématurité est survenue dans 36,3 % des grossesses, avec le diabète (aOR= 36.23; 95% CI : 6.87-257.74) comme facteur de risque. Conclusion : la MRC augmente le risque de complications de la grossesse. Identifier les patientes les plus à risque pourrait aider les néphrologues à informer leurs patientes et à réaliser une surveillance adaptée durant la grossesse
Rapport final de l'ANR ELIPS
No full textThe introduction to the Research Companion on Personal Status Laws and Equality examines the persistence of legal pluralism in matters of personal status across 33 countries in Africa and Asia, as well as in Greece. Although the coexistence of multiple personal status laws may appear incompatible with the modern principle of equality before the law, it remains a defining feature of the legal systems governing the private lives of over one billion people. The volume investigates the tension between, on the one hand, constitutional and international guarantees of equality and non-discrimination, and, on the other, the continuing application of differentiated family law regimes based on religious affiliation.Seeking to fill a major gap in comparative legal scholarship, the Research Companion adopts a multi- and trans-disciplinary approach that integrates legal theory, history, sociology, and anthropology. It advances the concept of a “socio-historical jurisprudence” to connect plural legal orders with evolving understandings of equality and citizenship. Developed within the Equality and Law in Personal Status (ELIPS) project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR), the work brings together scholars from several French and international research institutions.The first part of the volume lays the conceptual and methodological foundations for analyzing personal status laws. It explores their historical (often colonial) origins, identifies borderline cases that blur the boundaries of legal pluralism, illustrates the praxeological method through the study of interfaith marriages in Indonesia, and proposes a dynamic typology of legal systems informed by social movements and reform debates, notably in Lebanon and India.The second part comprises detailed country studies based on fieldwork, court decisions, and interviews with legal practitioners, activists, and citizens. Collectively, these analyses illuminate the complex relationship between legal diversity and equality, providing tools for reflection on reform pathways that reconcile respect for religious and cultural pluralism with the universal ideal of equality before the law.L'introduction du Research Companion on Personal Status Laws and Equality examine la persistance du pluralisme juridique en matière de statut personnel dans 33 pays d'Afrique et d'Asie, ainsi qu'en Grèce. Bien que la coexistence de multiples lois sur le statut personnel puisse sembler incompatible avec le principe moderne d'égalité devant la loi, elle reste une caractéristique déterminante des systèmes juridiques régissant la vie privée de plus d'un milliard de personnes. Cet ouvrage examine la tension qui existe entre, d'une part, les garanties constitutionnelles et internationales d'égalité et de non-discrimination et, d'autre part, l'application continue de régimes de droit familial différenciés fondés sur l'appartenance religieuse.Cherchant à combler une lacune importante dans la recherche juridique comparative, le Research Companion adopte une approche multidisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire qui intègre la théorie juridique, l'histoire, la sociologie et l'anthropologie. Il développe le concept de « jurisprudence socio-historique » afin de relier les ordres juridiques pluriels à une conception évolutive de l'égalité et de la citoyenneté. Développé dans le cadre du projet Égalité et droit dans le statut personnel (ELIPS) financé par l'Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR), cet ouvrage rassemble des chercheurs de plusieurs institutions de recherche françaises et internationales
Local Constant Approximation for Dominating Set on Graphs Excluding Large Minors
No full textInternational audienc
Cas clinique : apport de la chirurgie guidée pour l'exérèse d'un odontome inclus avec un guide de localisation
No full textIntroduction: three-dimensional (3D) printing enables the creation of customized surgical guides. This thesis aims to present the contribution of a 3D-printed surgical localization guide in the minimally invasive extraction of an odontoma impacted in a lingual position in a young patient. Case report: this is an 11-year-old patient, referred by his orthodontist for the removal of an odontoma deeply impacted on the lingual side of the roots of teeth 34 and 35. A localization guide was created by merging the patient’s optical scan with the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data from 3D imaging. This guide made it possible to precisely locate the odontoma, thus limiting the osteotomy and ensuring the preservation of the surrounding anatomical structures. The use of localization guides for the extraction of deeply impacted teeth or lesions remains poorly documented in the posterior lingual area. This case illustrates the value of this technique to secure the procedure, reduce operative time, limit tissue damage, and improve postoperative comfort.Introduction : l’impression 3 dimension (3D) permet la réalisation de guides chirurgicaux personnalisés. Objectif : cette thèse a pour objectif de présenter l’apport d’un guide de localisation chirurgical réalisé par impression 3D dans l’extraction mini-invasive d’un odontome inclus en position linguale chez un jeune patient. Cas clinique : il s’agit d’un patient de 11 ans, adressé par son orthodontiste pour avulsion d’un odontome profondément inclus en position linguale des racines de 34 et 35. Un guide de localisation a été réalisé en fusionnant l’empreinte optique du patient avec les données imagerie numérique et communications en médecine (DICOM) de l’imagerie 3D. Ce guide a permis de localiser de façon précise l’odontome, limitant ainsi l’ostéotomie et assurant la préservation des structures anatomiques avoisinantes. Discussion/Conclusion : l’usage de guides de localisation pour l’extraction de dents ou lésions profondément incluses reste peu documenté en secteur lingual postérieur. Ce cas illustre l’intérêt de cette technique pour sécuriser l’intervention, réduire le temps opératoire, limiter les délabrements et améliorer le confort postopératoire
Evaluation of the efficacy of PREVENIR (PREVention ENvIronment Reproduction) platforms on urinary markers of chemical exposure in pregnant women: protocol for an unblinded randomised clinical trial (PREVENIR-G)
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction It has been reported that pregnant women used more cosmetics daily than non-pregnant women. Phenoxyacetic acid is the main metabolite of phenoxyethanol, the most frequent preservative in cosmetics used in Europe, previously associated with reproductive effects (longer time to conception, endocrine disruptors in newborns and poorer verbal comprehension in children). In France, specialised platforms (PREVention ENvIronment Reproduction (PREVENIR)) in university hospital maternity wards are dedicated to evaluating environmental and occupational exposures in patients with pregnancy-related pathologies and supporting targeted prevention efforts. These platforms are composed of occupational health physicians, obstetrician-gynaecologists, midwives, occupational health nurses, and occupational health and environmental engineers. To assess the efficacy of these platforms, we developed a randomised clinical trial, the protocol for which is presented in this paper. The primary objective of the PREVENIR-G Study is to compare the change in urinary phenoxyacetic acid concentrations from baseline to 3 months postintervention between an intervention group and a control group. To date, the intervention has been integrated into routine care in certain facilities; however, its efficacy remains unproven. It is therefore essential to assess the relevance of this intervention, considering both its potential benefits and any adverse effects, such as increased stress or anxiety. Methods and analysis This study is an unblinded, randomised clinical superiority trial with two parallel groups (intervention vs no intervention) in four university maternity hospitals in France. We will include 300 pregnant women (aged 18 years or older) who are under 24 weeks of gestation (150 per group) referred to the participating PREVENIR platforms for management. The intervention will consist of clinical prevention management through the PREVENIR platforms, involving a consultation with an environmental health expert for an assessment of environmental and occupational exposures. During the consultation, targeted prevention messages will be provided based on identified exposures. The no intervention comparator will be a waiting-list control group. At the inclusion visit, patients will receive urine collection vials for samples to be collected at baseline and again at 3 months. Urine samples will be collected twice in a single day, on three separate days, during the collection week at home. In the week following the urine collection period, only participants in the intervention group will engage with the PREVENIR platforms. The primary outcome will be the difference in the urinary phenoxyacetic acid concentration between baseline and 3 months postintervention, compared between the intervention and control groups. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the hospital ethics committee (CCP Ouest 2, no. 2023-A00941-44). All participants will provide written informed consent. Results will be shared through presentations and publications
The g-good-neighbor diagnosability of product networks under the PMC model
No full textThe concept of neighbor connectivity originated from the assessment of the subversion of espionage networks caused by underground resistance movements, and it has now been applied to measure the disruption of networks caused by cascading failures through neighbors. In this paper, we give two necessary and sufficient conditions of the existance of g-good-neighbor diagnosability. We introduce a new concept called g-good neighbor cut-component number (gc number for short), which has close relation with g-good-neighbor diagnosability. Sharp lower and upper bounds of the gc number of general graphs in terms of the g-good neighbor connectivity is given, which provides a formula to compute the g-good-neighbor diagnosability for general graphs (therefore for Cartesian product graphs). As their applications, we get the exact values or bounds for the gc numbers and g-good-neighbor diagnosability of grid, torus networks and generalized cubes.</div
Simple Fault Localization Using Execution Traces
No full textInternational audienceTraditional spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL) exploits differences in a program's coverage spectrum when run on passing and failing test cases. However, such runs can provide a wealth of additional information beyond mere coverage. Working with thousands of execution traces of short programs submitted to competitive programming contests and leveraging machine learning and additional runtime, control-flow and lexical features, we present simple ways to improve SBFL. We also propose a simple trick to integrate context information. Our approach outperforms SBFL formulae such as Ochiai on our evaluation set as well as QuixBugs and requires neither a GPU nor any form of advanced program analysis. Existing SBFL solutions could possibly be improved with reasonable effort by adopting some of the proposed ideas
Extensive vineyard management and semi-natural habitats increase biodiversity and ecosystem services: insights from a global meta-analysis
No full textInternational audienceBiodiversity erosion is a key challenge that requires major adaptations in land use for sustainable agriculture.Globally, vineyards are among the most intensive farming systems with negative impacts on biodiversity and associated ecosystem services (ES). Nature-based solutions need to reconcile biodiversity conservation with grape production from the field to the landscape scale. In this study, we conducted a hierarchical global metaanalysis to assess the impact of various practices related to extensive management such as establishing vegetation cover, organic farming or low pesticide use on biodiversity and ES. Our analysis is based on 822 datasets extracted from 221 articles. Overall, extensive management increased biodiversity and ES provision by 14.2 % in comparison to more intensive practices. While provisioning ES, such as grape quantity and quality, showedheterogeneous reponses, biodiversity and most other ES benefited from maintaining vegetation cover in vineyards. We identified the strongest positive response to extensive management in carbon sequestration (+37.8 %), followed by erosion control (+26.4 %), soil fertility (+19.9 %), and pest control (+16.4 %). Our analysis revealed that farming practices modulated the effects of extensive management, with high-diversity cover crops enhancing, and herbicide use diminishing, the beneficial impact on biodiversity and ES. Maintaining semi-natural habitats in the landscape significantly boosted the positive effect of extensive management on pest control. Finally, organic management reduced grape yield by 20 % but it did not affect grape quality. Nature-based solutions in viticulture should be based on extensive vegetation management, diverse cover-crops and low pesticide use combined with significant amounts of semi-natural habitats in the landscape, while minimising yield loss