IIUM Engineering Journal
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Behaviour based Mobile Robot Navigation Technique using AI System: Experimental Investigation on Active Media Pioneer Robot
Get PDFA key issue in the research of an autonomous robot is the design and development of the navigation technique that enables the robot to navigate in a real world environment. In this research, the issues investigated and methodologies established include (a) Designing of the individual behavior and behavior rule selection using Alpha level fuzzy logic system (b) Designing of the controller, which maps the sensors input to the motor output through model based Fuzzy Logic Inference System and (c) Formulation of the decision-making process by using Alpha-level fuzzy logic system. The proposed method is applied to Active Media Pioneer Robot and the results are discussed and compared with most accepted methods. This approach provides a formal methodology for representing and implementing the human expert heuristic knowledge and perception-based action in mobile robot navigation. In this approach, the operational strategies of the human expert driver are transferred via fuzzy logic to the robot navigation in the form of a set of simple conditional statements composed of linguistic variables.Keywards: Mobile robot, behavior based control, fuzzy logic, alpha level fuzzy logic, obstacle avoidance behavior and goal seek behavio
An AT89C52 Microcontroller Based High Resolution PWM Controller for 3-Phase Voltage Source Inverters
Get PDFA novel technique for generating real time high resolution pulse width modulated patterns for a three phase voltage source inverter is presented in this paper. An AT89C52 microcontroller computes the PWM pulse widths on carrier cycle basis based on the input frequency. The microcontroller send the pulse width information for the three phases to a memory minimized ROM lookup table, which is scanned by a binary counter to generate the real time PWM patterns. The on board timer of AT89C52 is utilized to generate programmed clock for the scanning binary counter. The overall design is hardware minimized and compact that makes it feasible for low cost high performance ac drive applications. The proposed PWM controller supports variable frequency variable voltage operation for wide range and hence is ideally suited for industrial drives requiring wide speed variations. Keywords: Pulse width modulation, Microcontroller application, Voltage source inverter, variable speed ac drives
Engineering Ethics In Islam: An Evaluative And Comparative Study Between Code Of Ethics Of Institution Of Engineers, Bangladesh (Ieb) And Code Of Professional Conduct Of Board Of Engineers Malaysia (BEM)
Get PDFDuring the past two centuries or so a number of buildings and bridges had been structurally failed and collapsed all over the world. Some of these incidents caused a sizeable number of human casualties. For instance, collapse of Tay Bridge in 1879 killed at least sixty persons. Beside the problems related to their design and construction, probably the failure to follow engineering ethics properly was partially responsible for these incidents. Growing engineering professionalism during the nineteenth century gave rise to the development of a number of famous engineering societies, such as American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE ( (1884), American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME) (1871), etc. On the other hand, responding to series of significant structural failures mentioned above, some engineering societies developed formal codes of ethics. Following these societies, engineers of Bangladesh (previous East Pakistan) established Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh (IEB). Likewise, Malaysian engineers established Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM). Both of these societies have their codes of ethics. Islam also has offered a number of ethics to be followed by the engineers. Analyzing the related verses of the Qur'an and ahadith of the Prophet (pbuh), this paper intends to highlight these Islamic ethics and in light of them, tries to evaluate the codes of ethics of these two societies and compare between them. The paper may conclude that although the codes of ethics of IEB and BEM are supported by Islamic ethics they require further modification.ABSTRAK - Sejak lebih kurang dua abad kebelakangan ini, banyak binaan yang gagal dari segi strukturnya dan juga jambatan yang runtuh di merata dunia. Sesetengah tragedi yang berlaku juga mengakibatkan kehilangan nyawa manusia. Contohnya, robohnya Jambatan Tay pada 1879 telah meragut nyawa lebih kurang enam puluh orang. Selain daripada masalah yang berkaitan dengan reka bentuk dan pembinaanya, mungkin juga kegagalan untuk mematuhi etika kejuruteraan merupakan ssebahagian daripada penyebab tragedi-tragedi ini. Pertumbuhan keprofesionalan kejuruteraan dalam kurun ke-sembilan belas memberikan pertumbuhan pesat terhadap perkembangan beberapa pertubuhan kejuruteraan yang terkenal, seperti Institut Jurutera Elektrikal Amerika (American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE)-1884), Institut Jurutera Perlombongan Amerika (American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME) -1871) dan sebagainya. Sebaliknya, dalam memberi respons terhadap kegagalan struktur yang signifikan di atas, beberapa persatuan kejuruteraan telah membangunkan beberapa kod etika formal. Berdasarkan kepada pertubuhan-pertubuhan ini, jurutera Bangladesh (yang sebelum ini dikenali sebagai Pakistan Timur) menubuhkan Institut Jurutera Bangladesh (Institution of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB)). Jurutera Malaysia pula menubuhkan Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia (Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM)). Kedua-dua pertubuhan ini mempunyai kod etika masing-masing. Agama Islam juga menyenaraikan beberapa etika yang perlu diikuti. Dengan mendalami ayat-ayat Al-Quran dan hadis Rasullullah yang berkaitan, kertas ini bertujuan menekankan etika-etika Islam dan juga mengkaji kod etika kedua-dua pertubuhan ini dan membuat perbandingan. Kertas ini mungkin merumuskan bahawa walaupun kod etika IEB dan BEM disokong oleh etika Islam, namun beberapa pendekatan harus diubah. Keywords-engineering ethics; Islamic ethics; IEB; BEM; evaluation
Honesty And Integrity In The KOE, IIUM
Get PDFThe universities and education face great challenges, most of them indirectly or directly related to science. Academic honesty and integrity are fundamental values in a community of scholars. The student shares with the faculty the responsibility for maintaining the integrity of scholarship, grades, and professional standards, therefore students at university develop habits that help them to survive. It is necessary for scholars to think and work as a student, and resume the methods developed during undergraduate days. Scholars at the KOE, IIUM must satisfactory engage in learning with their students and in various forms of community service and industry liaison, in addition to attend several meetings per semesters. Those pressures can attempt people to take short-cut that do not meet KOE community standards for honesty and integrity. At the KOE incidents of student cheating are very low but the cases start to increase. This paper tries to highlight the reason behind why honesty and integrity among scholars break down and why cases of cheating among students increased as well.ABSTRAK - Pihak universiti dan pendidik menghadapi cabaran yang hebat, kebanyakannya secara langsung atau secara tidak langsung berkaitan dengan sains. Ketulusan akademik dan kewibawaan merupakan nilai-nilai asas dalam komuniti cendekiawan. Para sizwazah berkongsi dengan pihak fakulti tanggungjawab dalam memelihara kewibawaan biayaan, gred, dan standard profesional. Dengan ini, siswazah universiti dapat membentuk amalan yang membantu mereka cemerlang. Ia adalah penting bagi para cendekiawan untuk memikir dan bekerja sama dengan pelajar, dan meneruskan kaedah yang dikembangkan semasa zaman prasiswazah. Para intelektual di KOE, IIUM harus terlibat dalam pengajaran dengan pelajar-pelajar mereka dalam pelbagai bentuk khidmat masyarakat serta kerjasama dengan industri, selain daripada menghadiri mesyuarat setiap semester. Tekanan-tekanan sebegini boleh mendorong agar tidak mengambil jalan mudah yang tidak memenuhi standard komuniti di KOE dari segi keikhlasan dan kewibawaan. Di KOE, insiden pelajar menipu adalah rendah tetapi hal ini makin meningkat. Kertas ini cuba mengetengahkan sebab kenapa ketulusan dan keutuhan di kalangan siswazah makin runtuh dan kenapa kes-kes penipuan di kalangan pelajar semakin meningkat.Keywords- Integrity, Honesty, IIUM, KO
The Parameters Affect on Power Coefficient Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Get PDFABSTRACT: This study describes the design of a special type of vertical axis rotor wind turbine with moveable vertically positioned vanes. The novel design increases the torque in the left side of the wind turbine by increasing the drag coefficient. It also reduces the negative torque of the frame which rotates contrary to the wind in the other side. Two different types of models, having different vane shapes (flat vane and cavity shaped vane), were fabricated. Each type consisted of two models with varying number of frames (three and four frames). The models were tested in a wind tunnel with variable wind speed in order to understand the effect of shape, weight, and number of frames on the power coefficient of the wind turbine. ABSTRAK: Di dalam kajian ini, rotor turbin angin berpaksi vertikel sebagai rangka khusus telah direkabentuk dengan lokasi vertikel mudahalih oleh bilah kipas. Rekabentuk ini meningkatkan tork di bahagian kiri turbin angin dengan meningkatkan pekali seretan dan mengurangkan tork negatif rangka yang berputar berlawanan dengan angin pada bahagian lain. Dua jenis model berbentuk berlainan telah difabrikasi (bilah kipas rata dan bilah kipas berbentuk kaviti), dengan setiap jenis mempunyai dua model dengan bilangan rangka yang berlainan (berangka tiga dan berangka empat). Model-model telah diuji di dalam terowong angin dengan kelajuan angin yang berbeza bagi mendapatkan kesan rekabentuk, berat dan bilangan rangka ke atas pekali kuasa.KEYWORDS: design; wind turbine; drag coefficient; van
Analog Circuit Design Automation Tool Using Genetic Algorithms
Get PDFAn investigation into the application of Genetic Algorithms (GA) for the design of electronic analog circuits is presented in this paper. In this paper an investigation of the use of genetic algorithms into the problem of analog circuits design is presented. In a single design stage, circuits are produced that satisfy specific frequency response specifications using circuit structures that are unrestricted and with component values that are chosen from a set of preferred values. The extra degrees of freedom resulting from unbounded circuit structures create a huge search space. It is shown in this paper that Genetic Algorithms can be successfully used to search this space. The application chosen is a LC all pass ladder filter circuit design.Key Words: Computer-Aided Design, Analog Circuits, Artificial Intelligence
Free Vibration of Variable Thickness Plates Using Characteristic Orthogonal Polynomial Strip Functions Subjected To Different Combinations of Boundary Conditions
Get PDFA set of characteristic orthogonal polynomial strip functions was used to study the flexural vibration of variable thickness plates in one direction. The starting function in the set, which is satisfying the geometry and natural conditions, is developed from the solution of a static beam subjected to an arbitrary load that expanded into a Taylor series. The Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process is used to generate the reminder functions of the set. The natural frequencies of the plat are calculated by using the finite strip method together with the transition matrix. Numerical results are obtained for different combination of boundary conditions, tapered ratio and aspect ratio. It is demonstrated that the method as well as the orthogonal strip functions yield good accuracy and fast convergence by comparisons with available results in the literature. This technique can also be used to solve some other complicated problems in the engineering applications
Preparation of Active Absorbent for Flue Gas Desulfurization From Coal Bottom Ash: Effect of Absorbent Preparation Variables
Get PDFAn active absorbent for flue gas desulfurization was prepared from coal bottom ash, calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium sulfate by hydro-thermal process. The absorbent was examined for its micro-structural properties. The experiments conducted were based on Design Of Experiments (DOE) according to 23 factorial design. The effect of various absorbent preparation variables such as ratio of CaO to bottom ash (A), hydration temperature (B) and hydration period (C) towards the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) specific surface area of the absorbent were studied. At a CaO to bottom ash ratio = 2, hydration temperature = 200 ?C and hydration period = 10 hrs, absorbent with a surface area of 90.1 m2/g was obtained. Based on the analysis of the factorial design, it was concluded that factor A and C as well as the interaction of factors ABC and BC are the significant factors that effect the BET surface area of the absorbent. A linear mathematical model that describes the relation between the independent variables and interaction between variables towards the BET specific surface area of the absorbent was also developed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the model was significant at 1% level.Key Words: Absorbent, Bottom Ash, Design Of Experiments, Desulfurization, Surface Area
Algorithm of Face Recognition by Principal Component Analysis
Get PDFA face recognition algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been developed and tested for computer vision applications. A database of about 400 facial images was used to test the algorithm. Each image is represented by a matrix (112 x 92), The data base is divided into subsets, where each subset represents one of 10 different individuals. A 96% rate of successful detection and a 90% rate of successful recognition were obtained. Several factors had to be standardized to provide a constrained environment in order to reduce error. The analysis is based on a set of eigenvectors that defines an Eigen Face (EF). The method proved to be simple and effective. The simplified algorithm and techniques expedited the process without seriously compromising the accuracy
Gas Permeation Characteristics across Nano-Porous Inorganic Membranes
Get PDFAn overview of parameters affecting gas permeation in inorganic membranes is presented. These factors include membrane physical characteristics, operational parameters and gas molecular characteristics. The membrane physical characteristics include membrane materials and surface area, porosity, pore size and pore size distribution and membrane morphology. The operational parameters include feed flow rate and concentration, stage cut, temperature and pressure. The gas molecular characteristics include gas molecular weight, diameter, critical temperature, critical pressure, Lennard-Jones parameters and diffusion volumes. The current techniques of material characterization may require complementary method in describing microscopic heterogeneity of the porous ceramic media. The method to be incorporated in the future will be to apply a stochastic model and/or fractal dimension. Keywords: Inorganic membrane, surface adsorption, Knudsen diffusion, Micro-porous membrane, permeation, gas separation