IIUM Engineering Journal
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE QUASI-STATIC AXIAL CRUSHING BEHAVIOR OF FOAM-FILLED STEEL EXTRUSION TUBES
No full textThe concerns of automotive safety have been given special attention in order to reduce human fatalities or injuries. One of the techniques to reduce collision impact or compression energy is by filling polymeric foam into metallic tubes. In this work, polyurethane foam was introduced into the steel extrusion tubes and quasi-statically compressed at constant cross-head displacement. Different tube thicknesses and foam densities were used and these parameters were related to the crashworthiness aspect of the foam-filled structures. It is found that both tube thickness and foam density played an important role in increasing the crashworthiness behaviours of the structures but when the tube thickness reached certain value, foam density unable to properly work in increasing the energy absorption of the structures
WEB-BASED PERSONAL DIGITAL PHOTO COLLECTIONS: MULTIMODAL RETRIEVAL
No full textWhen personal photo collections get large retrieval of specific photos or sets of photos becomes difficult mainly due to the fairly primitive means by which they are organised. Commercial photo handling systems help but often have only elementary searching features. In this paper, we describe an interactive web-based photo retrieval system that enables personal digital photo users to accomplish photo browsing by using multimodal interaction. This system not only enables users to use mouse click input modalities but also speech input modality to browse their personal digital photos in the World Wide Web (WWW) environment. The prototype system and it architecture utilise web technology which was built using web programming scripting (JavaScript, XHTML, ASP, XML based mark-up language) and image database in order to achieve its objective. All prototype programs and data files including the user’s photo repository, profiles, dialogues, grammars, prompt, and retrieval engine are stored and located in the web server. Our approach also consists of human-computer speech dialogue based on photo browsing of image content by four main categories (Who? What? When? and Where?). Our user study with 20 digital photo users showed that the participants reacted positively to their experience with the system interactions
A Linear Relationship between the Mechanical, Thermal and Gas Barrier Properties of MAPE Modified Rubber Toughened Nanocomposites
Full text linkComposites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) clays were prepared by melt compounding followed by compression molding. The addition of clay as well as compatibilizer agent (maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE)) considerably improved the tensile properties of nanocomposites systems. The largest improvement in mechanical and thermal properties occurred at clay loading levels of 4% (2-8 wt %) with MAPE system. Interestingly, the increased in tensile properties also resulted in improve in thermal and barrier properties. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis (DSC) revealed that the barrier property of nanocomposite was influenced by the crystalline percentage of nanocomposite. Along with crystalline percentage, the crystallization temperature, Tc and melting temperature, Tm were also improved with OMMT and MAPE agent. The d-spacings of the clay in nanocomposites were monitored using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the extent of delamination was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The wide angle of XRD patterns showed the increased interplanar spacing, d of clay layers, indicating enhanced compatibility between polymer matrix and OMMT with the aid of MAPE agent. TEM photomicrographs illustrated the mixed intercalated and partial exfoliated structures of the nanocomposites with OMMT and MAPE agent