IIUM Engineering Journal
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Ethical Issues In Monitoring And Based Tracking Systems
Get PDFMonitoring and based tracking systems use a variety of technologies to record and monitor the activities of humans. This can increase the risks to the privacy and security of individuals. The amount of information gathered about individuals is growing through the proliferation of surveillance cameras, sensors; microchips and Radio Frequency Identification RFID tags embedded in devices and products. Advances in electronic technologies allow companies and government agencies to store and process large amounts of information about individuals. The Internet provides the ultimate copier device, making this information easily available to millions. This paper highlights the ethical issues emerging with the new technologies in the monitoring and base tracking system. New regulations should be proposed to protect the individual privacy.ABSTRAK: Pemantauan dan sistem berasaskan pengesanan menggunakan pelbagai teknologi untuk merakam dan memantau aktiviti manusia. Ini boleh meningkatkan risiko dari segi privasi dan keselamatan individu. Jumlah maklumat yang dikumpulkan tentang individu berkembang melalui proliferasi pengawasan kamera, sensor; mikrocip dan tag frekuensi radio yang diletakkan di dalam peranti dan produk. Kemajuan dalam teknologi elektronik membolehkan syarikat-syarikat dan agensi-agensi kerajaan menyimpan dan memproses sejumlah besar maklumat mengenai individu. Internet menyediakan peranti salinan utama, menjadikan maklumat ini didapati dengan mudah. Kajian ini memaparkan isu-isu etika yang baru muncul dengan teknologi baru dalam pemantauan dan sistem berasaskan pengesanan. Peraturan baru perlu dicadangkan untuk melindungi privasi individu.Keywords: Privacy Implications, Tracking Systems, EthicalIssue, RFI
UNSTEADY HEAT TRANSFER IN AN ANNULAR PIPE. PART II: SWIRLING LAMINAR FLOW
Get PDFThe heat transfer problem in magnetocaloric regenerators during magnetization has been described and investigated for convective heat transfer by means of axial flow in part I of this series. This work will focus on enhancing the unsteady heat transfer using swirling laminar flow generated using axial vanes. The governing parameters for this studyare, the D* ratio (Inner diameter/Outer diameter) and the swirl number, S. The study is conducted using dimensional analysis and commercial CFD codes provided by ANSYS CFX. The hydrodynamics and the heat transfer of the model are compared with data from similar cases found in literature and is found to be in the vicinity of good agreement.Keywords- Annular ducts; unsteady heat transfer; magnetic refrigeration/cooling; swirling laminar flow; dimensional analysis
Understanding Engineering Ethics
Get PDFEngineering ethics aims to enhance engineer’s ability to confront moral issues raised by engineering activities. It covers engineering as social experimentation, the engineer’s responsibility for safety, and the rights of engineers. What constitutes engineering ethics is the underlining question of this research. Hence, the objective of the research is to systematically provide answers to the aforementioned question. The research also studies the scope and the origin of the subject matter. At the same time, the research highlights the significance of the subject from diverse perspectives; including Western and Islamic perspectives. ABSTRAK: Etika kejuruteraan bertujuan meningkatkan keupayaan juruera menghadapi isu-isu moralyang timbul dari aktiviti-aktiviti kejuruteraan. Ia merangkumi kejuruteraan sebagai eksperimentasi sosial, tanggungjawab jurutera terhadap keselamatan dan hak-hak jurutera. Persoalan utama penyelidikan ini adalah apa yang merangkumi etika kejuruteraan. Penyelidikan ini juga mengkaji skop dan asal usul etika kejuruteraan. Kajian ini turut membincangkan subjek kajian dari pelbagai perspektif, Barat dan Islam.KEYWORDS: engineering ethics; engineer; akhlaq; values; confidentiality; corruption; conflict of interest; whistle-blowin
Cluster-based Multihop Synchronization Scheme for Femtocell Network
Get PDFABSTRACT: Femtocell technology has been drawing considerable attention as a cost-effective means of improving cellular coverage and capacity. It is connected to the core network through an IP backhaul and can only use timing protocols such as IEEE1588 or Network Time Protocol (NTP). Furthermore, the femtocell is installed indoor, and cannot use a GPS antenna for time synchronization. High-precision crystal oscillators can solve the timing problem, but they are often too expensive for consumer grade devices. Therefore, femtocell Base Station (fBS) synchronization is one of the principle technical trends in femtocell deployment. Since fBSand macrocell Base Station (mBS) network operates on the same frequency under a licensed spectrum, fBS network can interfere with the macrocell network. In addition, fBSs can also interfere with each other if multiple units are in close proximity. Furthermore, in a flat fBS structured network using IEEE 1588 synchronization algorithm and fBS-fBS synchronization scheme creates offset and frequency error which results inaccurate synchronization. In order to reduce offset and frequency error (skew), this paper proposed a cluster-based multihop synchronization scheme to achieve precise in fBS neighbor nodes. The proposed scheme is able to reduce the offset and skew significantly.ABSTRAK: Teknologi Femtocell telah menjadi tumpuan sebagai alat yang kos-efektif dalam memperbaiki liputan mudahalih dan kapasiti. Ia menghubungkan jaringan teras melalui IP backhaul dan hanya boleh menggunakan protokol masa seperti IEEE1588 atau Protokol Jaringan Masa (NTP). Seterusnya, femtocell dipasang di dalam, dan tidak boleh menggunakan antena GPS untuk sinkronisasi masa. Osilator Kristal yang tinggi kejituannya boleh menyelesaikan masalah masa, tetapi ianya mahal bagi gred peranti consumer. Oleh itu, sinkronisasi Stesen Asas femtocell (fBS) adalah salah satu tren teknikal prinsip dalam deployment femtocell. Memandangkan fBS dan jaringan Stesen Asas makrosel (mBS) beroperasi pada frekuensi yang sama di bawah spektrum lesen jaringan fBS boleh mengganggu jaringan makrosel. Tambahan pula, fBS juga boleh mengganggu antara satu sama lain jika unit pelbagai adalah close proximity. Tambahan lagi, bagi struktur jaringan rata fBS menggunakan algorisma sinkronisasi IEEE 1588 dan skema sinkronisasi fBS-fBS mencipta offset dan ralat frekuensi yang menyebabkan ketidaktepatansinkronisasi. Bagi mengurangkan offset dan ralat frekuensi (skew), kajian ini mencadangkan multihop berasaskan kluster skema sinkronisasi bagi mencapai kejituan dalam mod kejiranan fBS. Skema yang dicadangkan boleh mengurangkan offset dan skew dengan berkesan.KEYWORDS: femtocell base satationt (FBS); synchronization; frequency division multiple access (OFDMA); inter-cluster, intra-cluste
Design And Implementation of Dsp-Based Intelligent Controller For Automobile Braking System
Get PDFAn intelligent braking system has great potential applications especially, in developed countries where research on smart vehicle and intelligent highways are receiving ample attention. The system when integrated with other subsystems like automatic traction control, intelligent throttle, and auto cruise systems, etc will result in smart vehicle maneuver. The driver at the end of the day will become the passenger, safety accorded the highest priority and the journey optimized in term of time duration, cost, efficiency and comfortability. The impact of such design and development will cater for the need of contemporary society that aspires to a quality drive as well as to accommodate the advancement of technology especially in the area of smart sensors and actuators. The emergence of digital signal processor enhances the capacity and features of universal microcontroller. This paper introduces the use of TI DSP, TMS320LF2407 as an engine of the system. The overall system is designed so that the value of inter-vehicle distance from infrared laser sensor and speed of follower car from speedometer are fed into the DSP for processing, resulting in the DSP issuing commands to the actuator to function appropriately.Key words: Smart Vehicle, Digital Signal Processor, Fuzzy Controller, and Infra Red Laser Senso
Continuously Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Using Fiber Bragg Grating
Get PDFAn efficient tunable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser utilizing a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and an optical circulator is investigated. The laser demonstrates a threshold of 3.43 mW and a slope efficiency of 12.5%. Tunability of the fiber laser is obtained by thermal tuning of the FBG. Simultaneous temperature tuning demonstrates a 0.01 nm/oC variation in laser wavelength.Key Words: Fiber Bragg grating, fiber laser, tunable laser, ring laser, thermal tunin
Separation of Aqueous Isopropanol Through Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Blended Membranes by Pervaporation
Get PDFBlend membranes consisting of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) were prepared from a solution casting method and characterized via the pervaporation separation of isopropanol-water mixtures. The solution of pure chitosan was blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) at different compositions. The miscibility of the blended polymers was determined. Criteria for miscibility was based on the clarity of the blend and the transparency of the membrane obtained. The effects of feed concentration and chitosan content in membrane on the permeation flux and separation factor were also investigated. For the dehydration of 90 wt.% of isopropanol-water mixtures the performance of the blend ratio of 30:70 (CS:PVA) exhibited the highest separation factor. It was shown that under the same operating conditions, the pervaporation separation index (PSI) for homogeneous membranes were higher than that of blended membranes for the entire feed concentrations.Key Words: Blend, Chitosan, Poly (vinyl alcohol), Miscibility, Pervaporation
Growth Characteristics of Fiber Bragg Gratings Fabricated in High Germania Boron Co-Doped Fiber
Get PDFThis paper reports and provides an explanation for the growth characteristics of fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) fabricated in high germania boron co-doped optical fiber by using a continuous wave (CW) doubled frequency Argon ion laser as an UV light source. The grating reflectivity and Bragg wavelength shift as a function of exposure time are measured. The index modulation time is observed to have a good fit to a power law of the form ï„n = Ctb (t is the time, C and b are constants), whereas the exponent b of 0.3 is obtained for the FBGs. The UV laser light also causes a shift of the resonant wavelength with fabrication time. The fastest wavelength shift is shown to be 0.53 nm after 524 seconds exposure.Keywords: Fiber Bragg grating, Argon ion laser, Phase mask method, Growth characteristics
Designing Framework of a Segmented Rubber Tracked Vehicle for Sepang Peat Terrain in Malaysia
Get PDFThe focus of this paper is to present the designing framework of an off-road special segmented rubber tracked vehicle that may be required to run on low bearing capacity peat terrain. To complete this study: firstly, mechanical properties of the peat terrain were first determined by using different type of apparatus. Direct shear test was performed using a Wykeham Farrance 25402 shear box apparatus to determine the internal friction angle, cohesiveness and shear deformation modulus of the peat sample. Load-sinkage test was performed using a specially made bearing capacity apparatus to determine the stiffness values of surface mat and underlying peat. Secondly, substantiate the validity of the mathematical model and finally design parameters of the special segmented rubber tracked vehicle were optimized by simulation. Keywords: Tracked vehicle, peat terrain, tractive performance
Thermal Shock In Periodic Edge-Cracked Plate Supported By Elastic Foundation
Get PDFThe study of the transient thermal stress problem for a periodic edge cracks in an elastic plate on an elastic foundations is investigated. This study may also be applied for circumferentially periodic cracked hollow cylinder under transient thermal stresses. Based on previous studies, the cylindrical shell may be modeled by a plate on an elastic foundation. The thermal stresses are generated due to sudden convective cooling on the boundary containing the edge cracks while the other boundary is insulated. The superposition technique is utilized to solve the problem. The perturbation problem is formulated by using the thermal stresses obtained from uncracked problem with opposite sign on the crack surfaces as the only external loading. This leads to hypersingular integral equation with the crack surface displacement as the only unknown function. The main output of this study is the transient stress intensity factors that are evaluated numerically. The parametric studies based on time (Fourier number), crack length, coefficient of heat transfer (Biot number), Periodic crack spacing and the stiffness of elastic foundation are investigated. Keywords: Fracture mechanics, Thermal stresses, Periodic crack, Stress intensity factor