IIUM Engineering Journal
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The Optimally Mobile Muslim Experts In The Service Of The Ummah
Get PDFThis paper presents a proposal on how the Muslim Experts made up of Academics, Professionals and Entrepreneurs can be made optimally mobile to utilize their Allah endowed resources to serve the Ummah and mankind more efficiently and effectively as well as being key players in a world which has become a "Global Village". Some case studies are presented to illustrate some of the major problems facing the Muslim Ummah today in not being able to utilize optimally the human as well as material resources endowed to us by Allah to enable us fulfill our role as the "best of Ummah" created for the benefit of mankind and vicegerent of Allah. This proposal includes the setting up of an International Organization of Optimally Mobile Muslim Experts (IOOMME). It is envisaged that IOOMME will have a Talent Bank which will be a database on Muslim Academics and Professionals living and working in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries with detailed information about the experts, their areas of expertise and products developed etc. Furthermore professional resource centers which will be land-based as well as cyberspace or virtual based will be setup made up of published information (journals, technical reports) and specialized research equipment/facilities available in Muslim nations where Muslim Academics and Professionals can have access to for their use as well as for developing upcoming Muslim Academics and Professionals. It is envisaged that Muslim nations will create the enabling environment through entry visa and professional short visit regulations for Muslim academics and professionals to use their Sabbaticals, annual vacations, study/research leave, professional short visits etc. academic/ professional staff exchange to go to Muslim nations to render their service to the Ummah. ABSTRAK: Kertas ini membentangkan cadangan bagaimana kumpulan Pakar Islam yang terdiri daripada kalangan ahli akademik, golongan profesional dan para usahawan dibentuk agar dapat berfungsi secara optimum. Kepakaran yang dikurniakan Allah wajar digunakan untuk berkhidmat kepada umat manusia secara lebih cekap dan berkesan disamping memainkan peranan penting memandangkan dunia kini telah dikenali sebagai "Perkampungan Global". Beberapa kajian kes telah dibentangkan untuk menjelaskan beberapa masalah utama umat Islam hari ini perlu lalui. Apabila kita tidak menggunakan secara optima tenaga serta sumber kekayaan yang diberikan Allah, maka kita tidaklah dapat menunaikan peranan sebagai "umat terbilang" dengan sepenuhnya, yang diwujudkan demi manfaat manusia serta khalifah Allah. Antara cadangannya termasuklah menubuhkan Organisasi Sedunia Pakar Islam Optima Bergerak (International Organization of Optimally Mobile Muslim Experts (IOOMME). IOOMME dijangkakan akan mempunyai Bank Bakat di mana ia akan mempunyai pangkalan data ahli akademik Islam dan profesional yang tinggal dan bekerja di negara Islam dan negara bukan Islam dengan maklumat terperinci mereka, bidang kepakaran masing-masing, produk yang telah dihasilkan dan sebagainya. Tambahan pula, pusat sumber profesional yang nyata dan juga di alam siber yang akan ditubuhkan terdiri daripada maklumat bercetak (seperti jurnal dan laporan teknikal) dan alatan/kemudahan penyelidikan yang khusus. Semua kemudahan ini boleh didapati di negara-negara Islam di mana ahli akademik dan profesional Islam boleh mengakses demi kepentingan mereka dan juga untuk kemajuan para akademik dan profesional Islam akan datang. Negara-negara Islam dijangkakan dapat menyediakan kemudahan menerusi visa masuk dan pas lawatan singkat profesional untuk ahli akademik dan profesional Islam dengan menggunakan cuti sabatikal, cuti tahunan, cuti sambil belajar/penyelidikan, lawatan singkat profesional mereka dan sebagainya. Dalam tempoh ini mereka dapat pergi ke negara-negara Islam lain untuk berkhidmat kepada umat Islam di negara-negara tersebut. Keywords; Muslim academician and professional, talent bank, optimally mobile, service Ummah, resource centers Introductio
Evaluation of Sustainable Development Indicators With Fuzzy TOPSIS Based on Subjective and Objective Weights
Get PDFABSTRACT: Sustainable development aims at improving and maintaining the well-being of people and the ecology. However, this paper focuses only on the ecological aspects. The selection of the proper ecological protection determinant plays a very important role in improving the environment of Malaysia. This paper will propose a method from Wang and Lee (2009), and Yong (2006) which applies a fuzzy TOPSIS method -- based on subjective and objective weights – to make the required selection. Four alternatives will be tested which are: prevent pollution (A1), conservation (A2), well-manage (A3), and public awareness (A4). Along with these, four criteria need to be considered: water quality factor (C1), land integrity factor (C2), air quality factor (C3), and biodiversity factor (C4). Finally, a numerical example of ecological protection determinant selection is used to illustrate the proposed method. ABSTRAK: Pembangunan lestari bermatlamat memperbaiki dan mengekalkan kesejahteraan rakyat serta ekologi. Walau bagaimanapun, kertas kajian ini hanya memberi tumpuan kepada aspek-aspek ekologi. Pemilihan penentu perlindungan serta keselamatan bagi aspek ekologi memainkan peranan yang amat penting dalam meningkatkan kualiti alam sekitar di Malaysia. Kertas kajian ini telah menggunakan kaedah Wang dan Lee (2009) dan Yong (2006) yang mengaplikasikan kaedah TOPSIS kabur berdasarkan pemberat subjektif dan objektif. Terdapat empat alternatif yang akan diuji iaitu: pencegahan pencemaran (A1), pemuliharaan (A2), pengurusan yang baik (A3), kesedaran orang awam (A4). Selain itu, terdapat empat kriteria yang perlu dipertimbangkan: faktor kualiti air (C1), faktor kualiti tanah (C2), faktor kualiti udara (C3), faktor kepelbagaian biologi (C4). Kesimpulannya, contoh pengiraan untuk memperoleh penentu pemilihan perlindungan ekologi telah digunakan bagi menunjukkan kaedah yang dicadangkan.KEYWORDS: sustainable development; ecological factors; subjective and objective weight; fuzzy TOPSI
Ethical And Religious Analysis On Euthanasia
Get PDFThis paper is an analysis on euthanasia from ethical and religious perspectives. Historically, the classical Greek thinkers including Aristotle had categorically accepted euthanasia with the main reason of minimizing pain. However, as science develops ethical and religious isuues related to the subject have increasingly created fervent debates on euthanesia. ABSTRAK: Kertas ini mengkaji euthanasia dari perspektif agama dan etika. Sejarah telah melihat para pemikir Greek termasuk Aristotle secara kategorinya menerima Euthanasia dengan sebab utama untuk mengurangkan kesakitan. Bagaimanapun, apabila sains berkembang, perbahasan mengenai isu-isu agama dan etika tentang Euthanasia telah meningkat dengan nyata.KEYWORDS: mercy killing; religion; ethics; morality; euthanasi
Application of Digital Cellular Radio for Mobile Location Estimation
Get PDFThe capability to locate the position of mobiles is a prerequisite to implement a wide range of evolving ITS services. Radiolocation has the potential to serve a wide geographical area. This paper reports an investigation regarding the feasibility of utilizing cellular radio for the purpose of mobile location estimation. Basic strategies to be utilized for location estimation are elaborated. Two possible approaches for cellular based location estimation are investigated with the help of computer simulation. Their effectiveness and relative merits and demerits are identified. An algorithm specifically adapted for cellular environment is reported with specific features where mobiles, irrespective of their numbers, can locate their position without adversely loading the cellular system.Key Words: ITS, GSM, Cellular Radio, DRGS, GPS
Anti-Plane Surface Disturbance
Get PDFSolution to a problem of half-space subjected to anti-plane surface disturbance via Cagniard-de Hoop method has been investigated. The solution is very much dependent on the choice of branch cuts, branches, and their behavior along the appropriate selected contour. Investigations show that the contour, which simplifies the inversion integral, may or may not exist in some quadrants of x-plane and is very much dependent on the position of the point x. Consequently, the solution is the Hankel function of first kind . Key Words: Cagniard-de Hoop method. Inversion Integral. Hankel function. Anti-plane Shear. Waves propagation. Fourier Transform
Influence of Work and Tool Materials on Parameters of Electrical Discharge Machining (Edm)
Get PDFInfluence of the properties of work and tool materials on material removal rate (MRR), tool wear ratio (TWR), thickness of the recast layer, surface roughness and accuracy of machining in EDM process has been investigated. Copper brass, stainless steel, mild steel and grey cast irou have been used in various combinations as work and tool materials. From the experimental results it is found that MRR slows down with machining time. Apart from that it has been found that MRR and TWR are inversely proportional to the melting points of the work and tool materials respectively. Electrical conductivity of the tool material also has appreciable influence on tool wear ratio. Wear ratio was found to be minimum in the case of the copper electrode having maximum electrical conductivity. It has been also observed that for all combinations of work and tool materials, a recast layer is formed on the machined surface. It has been observed that the micro cavities formed in the cases of lower melting point electrode materials like copper and brass having higher electrical conductivity are comparatively smaller in size (2-3 ?m) as compared to the sizes of the micro cavities (8-20 ?m) formed in the cases of high melting pointer electrodes having also lower electrical conductivity. Consequenty the machined surface roughness produced in the latter cases is higher. It has been also observed that the debris concentration increases due to side sparking of the electrode. The tendency of debris concentration is the maximum at the middle of the tool-job interface resulting in high bottom surface inaccuracy, specially when high melting point work materials are machined with electrodes like brass having low melting point and relatively lower electrical conductivity. From the point of view of MRR, brass electrodes have been found to be the most suitable tool, but from the point of view of machining accuracy and surface finish copper electrodes were found to yield the best result for the given set of job materials. So it was concluded that brass electrodes should be recommended for rough machining and copper electrodes for finish machining of the given work materials
Problems in Biotechnology Research
Get PDFTo meet the challenges posed by the growing population of the world, biotechnology research is being pursued in all countries. In the area of medicine remarkable success has been achieved. It is believed that in future this trend will continue. In the area food also scientists and technocrats have shown considerable success, but in this area they have not received appreciation because of many objections. The paper discusses issues pertaining to biotechnology researches, because if these issues are not thoroughly discussed and problems are not hammered out, biotechnology researches will go on but will fail to serve the humanity.Key Words: biodiversity, biotechnology, cloning, germ cell, genetic materials, biosafety
Influence of Cutting Parameters on Chatter and Tool Wear During End Milling of Stainless Steel Conducted on VMC
Get PDFStainless steels are a group of difficult to machine work materials. The difficulty in machining stainless steels is manifested in high contact length and stresses, formation of serrated chips and development of chatter resulting in high tool wear rates and poor machined surface finish. The paper focuses on the performance of TiN coated-carbide inserts in machining stainless steel specimens in end milling operation performed on vertical machining centre (VMC). The performance of the tool is evaluated from the point of view of its wear intensity, mechanism of failure and generation and effect of chatter on tool wear and vice versa. The investigations were aimed at determining the effect of cutting parameters, specifically cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, on chatter amplitude, tool wear rate, mechanism of tool wear and using these data and machined surface roughness values from previous work to come up with recommended values of cutting parameters for semi-finish and finish end milling operation of stainless steel work materials. For recording vibration signals a dual channel portable signal analyzers was used and the signals were analyzed using Pulse Multi-analyzer version 4.2 software. Tool wear was measured using an optical microscope with digital readout capabilities along 3 axes. The tool wear mechanisms were studied under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results of the investigation show that acceleration amplitudes generally increase with cutting speed and the magnitude of tool flank wears. It has been also found that an increase in feed and depth of cut leads to higher acceleration amplitudes. The most common wear mechanisms observed during machining of stainless steel are attrition, micro and macro chipping of the tool at lower cutting speeds, and diffusion and mechanical failures due to intensive chatter at higher speeds. It has been also established that stable cutting speeds with relatively low tool wear intensity and satisfactory machined surface finish can be achieved through proper selection of cutting parameters. A table of recommended cutting conditions has been developed for almost chatter free machining with low tool wear intensity and satisfactory surface finish.
Key Words: Vertical Machining Centre, Machinability, Chatter, Cutting, Tool life
Performance Enhancement in L-Band Edfa Through Dual Stage Technique
Get PDFAn experiment on gain enhancement in the long wavelength band erbium doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) is demonstrated. It uses a dual stage technique with dual forward pumping scheme. Compared to a conventional single stage amplifier, the small signal gain for 1580nm signal can be improved by 5.5dB without paying much noise figure penalty. The corresponding noise figure penalty was 0.3dB due to the insertion loss of the optical isolator. The optimum pump power ratio for the first pump is experimentally determined to be 33%. The maximum gain improvement of 8.3dB was obtained at a signal wavelength of 1568nm while signal and total pump powers were fixed at -30dBm and 92mW, respectively. The employment of dual stage amplifier system seems to play an important role in the development of practical L-band EDFA from the perspective of economical usage of pump power.Key Words: erbium doped fibre; optical amplifier; L-band EDFA; dual stage EDFA; amplified spontaneous emissio
Natural Convection Heat Transfer in Concentric Horizontal Annuli Containing a Saturated Porous Medi
Get PDFNatural convection in horizontal annular porous media has become a subject receiving increasing attention due to its practical importance in the problem of insulators, such as ducting system in high temperature gas-cooled reactors, heating systems, thermal energy storage systems, under ground cable systems, etc. This paper presents a numerical study for steady state thermal convection in a fully saturated porous media bounded by two horizontal concentric cylinders, the cylinders are impermeable to fluid motion and maintained at different, uniform temperatures. The solution scheme is based on two-dimensional model, which is governed by Darcy-Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations. The finite element method using Galerkin technique is developed and employed to solve the present problem. A numerical simulation is carried out to examine the parametric effects of Rayleigh number and radius ratio on the role played by natural convection heat transfer in the porous annuli. The numerical results obtained from the present model were compared with the available published results and good agreement is observed. The average Nusselt number at the heating surface of the inner cylinder is correlated to Rayleigh number and radius ratio.Keywords: Natural convection, numerical investigation, saturated porous media, finite element method, concentric horizontal annuli