Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (BMRE)
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GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RARE-EARTH ELEMENT DISTRIBUTIONS OF KOZBUDAKLAR W-SKARN DEPOSIT (BURSA, WESTERN ANATOLIA)
No full textThe Kozbudaklar W-skarn deposit occurs along the contact between Eocene Topuk Granitoid and Triassic İnönü Marble in Tavşanlı Zone. In the study area, the endoskarn is represented by plagioclase-pyroxene and exoskarn zone which is characterized by pyroxene, pyroxene-garnet, garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarn facies. According to major oxide element contents, exoskarn is of calcic character. In pyroxene and pyroxene-garnet skarn facies, tungsten and molybdenum abundances vary between 434-5507 ppm (mean 2330 ppm) and 8 - 90 ppm (mean 40 ppm). In the garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarns, concentrations of these elements are 271 - 7616 ppm (mean 2486 ppm) and 7 - 493 ppm (mean 107 ppm), respectively, and molybdenum concentration is increased. ƩREE contents of the Topuk Granitoid, endoskarn, exoskarn and İnönü Marble are in the range of 75.8 to 158.9 ppm (mean 106.2 ppm), 75.8 to 171.5 ppm (mean 114.6 ppm), 3.5 to 290.8 ppm (mean 48.7 ppm) and 2.3 to 15.3 ppm (mean 6.1 ppm), respectively. Although ƩREE concentrations of skarn zones are higher than those of Topuk Granitoid and İnönü Marble, ƩREE concentrations of tungsten-rich samples are significantly depleted. In areas of scheelite mineralization, REE trends and Eu anomalies display two different patterns. REE trends, HREE enrichments and negative Eu anomalies of pyroxene and pyroxene-garnet skarn facies exhibit similarities with Topuk Granitoid. In these skarn, tungsten-rich samples are represented by a Ce depletion and low Eu/Eu* (Eu/Eu* = 0.56-0.88). Garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarn facies are characteristic with a convex LRRE pattern, maximum Pr and Nd concentrations and positive Eu anomalies. Ce-enrichment and high Eu/Eu* ratios (Eu/Eu* = 1.45 - 4.18) are observed in tungsten-rich samples. Considering the molybdenum enrichments and REE pattern, scheelite mineralization in the Kozbudaklar W-skarn deposit can be said to have developed at two different high temperature phases. In the first-phase mineralization was formed by early magmatic fluids under moderate oxidant conditions whilst the second-phase scheelite mineralization was formed under increasing oxidant conditions. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.30599
RESPONSE TO THE “REACTION OF THE PHYSICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE GRAVITY DATA AND LINEARITY DILEMMA”
No full textThere is not any filter such as the “apparent gravity linear filter”, which is mentioned by the criticizer, in the literature of geophysical potential methods.
The “apparent density filter” was used in the study. As the name implies; the crustal structure of Turkey was investigated in the article of “Investigation of the Seismic Velocity Distribution and the Crustal Structure of Turkey” (Akın, 2016). So; the article had different findings. The “Conrad discontinuity” has been one of the findings of this article. Or else; the distribution related to the Conrad discontinuity has not been the main topic of the article as it had been understood by the criticizer. In this study, the density and seismic velocity took their highest values within first 20 km’s of the continental crust as; 2.74 gr/cm³ and 5.86 km/s, respectively. This zone was considered at the same time as the Conrad discontinuity between the lower and upper crusts, and it had an approximate depth of 16 km
SODIUM SULFATE (GLAUBERITE-BLOEDITE) - HALITE ASSOCIATION İN THE TERTIARY (UPPER MIOSENE - PLIOCENE) KATRANDEDETEPE FORMATION, EREĞLİ-BOR BASIN, TURKEY
No full textThis study covers the investigations related to the glauberite-halite minerals detected in Neogene deposits of the Ereğ- li-Bor Basin in the Central Anatolia. The basin consists of Paleozoic basement rocks, the unconformably overlying Paleocene-Eocene-Oligocene marine sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary rocks, and the Lower Miocene-Pliocene lake deposits at the top which unconformably overlie all underlying layers. In the study, core drillings related to the determination of geological characteristics and investigation of the mineral potential of buried salt deposits were carried out in the Ereğli-Bor basin. As a result of drillings carried out, glauberite-bloedite, halite and bituminous shale horizons, which possess significant thickness and grade values, were cut for the first time in the Konya-Ereğli-Bor basin. Glauberite minerals were observed in three different structures as; 1- the Glauberite Mineral intercalated with High Graded, Bedded Clays, 2- the Glauberite Mineral with Disseminated Rosette Type in Low Graded Clays and 3- the Prismatic High Graded Glauberite Mineral intercalated with Halites. Bloedite minerals are mostly observed with halite. It was detected that the economical evaporitic formations in the Konya-Ereğli-Bor Basin had occurred within the Upper Miocene-Pliocene Katrandedetepe formation which represents the playa-lake environment
ASSESSMENT OF METAL-METALLOID CONTENT USING GEOSTATISTICAL METHODS IN GROUNDWATER OF KARABAĞLAR POLJE (MUĞLA, TURKEY)
No full textIn this research, heavy metals (Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Ba, Pb) and metalloids (As) which were sampled from 84 wells used as drinking water and irrigation water resources in Karabaglar Karstic Polje (Mugla, Turkey) were analyzed. The results were evaluated by different statistical methods in order to investigate the interaction between elements. Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Mo and Pb were detected in many wells. According to the results, As and Cu has the strongest correlation (R=0.832). As-Ni (R=0.789) and Cu-Ni (R=0.776) are the other strong correlations. The relationship between these elements were also shown by Cluster Analysis (CA). In respect to CA, the closest proximity distance matrix are found for these three elements. Also, elements composed 3 main clusters in dendrogram created from CA result matrix. These clusters match up with the findings of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) too. PCA gathers all elements up in 3 components: As, Cu and Ni at the first component; Mo and Cd at the second; Cr and Ba at the third. The accumulation of the elements studied were investigated by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. According to the results, the least and most encountered elements are Cu and Ba, respectively. The amount of each element except Ni and Mo, is statistical significantly different (p\u3c0.05). In addition, the amount of the elements as well as some water quality parameters were compared to EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency) and Turkish inland water quality classes and no threatening situation was encountered
THE REACTION OF PHYSICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE GRAVITY DATA AND LINEARITY DILEMMA
No full textThis paper consists of opinions on the article entitled as “Investigation of the Seismic Velocity Distribution and Crustal Structure of Turkey by means of Gravity Data” which was published on the page 185 of the 153rd issue of the Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration. Within this context, it was aimed at defining some dilemmas encountered in the article, which was targeted in the exploration of the crustal structure in plate scale by means of data sets, and informing the reader. Here, the interactive relationships of Gravity and Seismic methods of which each one are discipline of expertise will be studied within scope of the mentioned article
DETERMINATION OF HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SİNOP DEMİRCİKÖY WATERSHED AND PRODUCTION OF MONTHLY SATURATION DEGREE MAPS
No full textThe aim of this study is to determine the hydrologic characteristics and to analyze the temporal saturation degree variations of Demirciköy Watershed which is located in Sinop City and subjected to rapidly increasing population. This study is important in terms of preventing the natural disasters such as flood, storm water, landslide and mitigation of damages within the frame of watershed planning concept. This study consists of field, office and laboratory stages. In context of field studies, representative soil samples are taken from study area. Within the scope of laboratory studies, soil hydrologic properties are characterized with the determination of soil texture of the soil samples handled from study area. The results of the laboratory tests are utilized as part of office studies with the use of the Soil Moisture Distribution and Routing (SMDR) model in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment considering the meteorological data such as precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration. Spatial and temporal variation of saturation degree in Demirciköy Watershed is determined with SMDR model. The obtained monthly saturation degree maps show the variation of soil moisture in a year and allow determining the potential runoff generation zones. The results of the study show that soil moisture in South part of watershed is lower than in North part. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.33646
GEOPHYSICAL REGIONAL GRAVITY MAPS OF TURKEY AND ITS GENERAL ASSESSMENT
No full textIn this study, the maps generated from the regional gravity data, which had been measured within scope of “Türkiye Rejyonal Gravite Haritaları Projesi” (Regional Gravity Map of Turkey) project were introduced. The topography, Free Air, Bouguer gravity, isostatic residual, isostatic regional, density and crust thickness maps of Turkey in 1/1 500 000 scale were prepared using database which started in 1973 and ended in 2011. The boundaries of the main tectonic members were determined by crust thickness, isostatic residual and Bouguer gravity maps of Turkey. Within this scope, a database that will illuminate the investigation of crustal structure, the development of the scientific database and the solution of geological problems were established
OPAQUE MINERAL CONTENT OF DUTLUCA VOLCANICS (BURHANİYE - BALIKESİR): THE EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION ON THESE MINERALS
No full textDutluca volcanics, which are known as Hallaçlar Formation in regional scale in the study area (Kurshensky, 1976), are composed of hydrothermally altered andesite and basaltic andesite. In these rocks, sulfidic minerals such as pyrite, enargite and chalcosine, and oxide and hydroxide minerals such as magnetite, hematite and goethite were detected as opaque minerals. The presence of enargite in opaque mineral paragenesis, and the changes observed in structures and textures of opaque and silicate minerals indicate that examined volcanics have been altered by highly sulfidic hydrothermal solutions. During the hydrothermal alteration process, which indicates at least in two phases, a diffuse pyritization rich in H2 S in reducing conditions and enargite mineral, which is known as pathfinder minerals in such processes, formed in the first phase. Later on; the extensive martitization developed in oxidizing conditions
OSTRACODS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN (THE GULF OF ANTALYA ) AND THE AEGEAN SEA (AYVALIK AND KUŞADASI) AND THEIR BIOGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONS
No full textThe aim of this study is taxonomic investigation and environmental distribution of ostracoda association from the deep sediments of the Mediterranean (The Gulf of Antalya) and Aegean Sea (Alibey and Maden islands/ Ayvalık and Kuşadası) and identification of species surviving up to present. Twenty genera and 26 species are determined by examining the ostracoda contents of the 197 samples from the deep sediments from 5 to 30 m depth in the Antalya Bay (Mediterranean). 24 genera and 34 species in 84 samples belonging to 4 cores around Alibey and Maden islands to the north of Ayvalık in Aegean Sea have been determined. Also, 23 genera and 29 species from the 45 samples at the depth of 8,5-22.3 m around Kuşadası have been determined. According to carapace morphology and depth of water, shallow marine group genera are belonging to subfamilies Trachyleberidae and Hemicytheridae which have well-developed hinge, branching marginal-pore canals, clear eye-spots and more ornamentation, are relatively abundant specimens.The ostracoda association defined in this study is correlated with previous studies in Mediterranean, Aegean islands, Adriatic Sea, Algeria, Aegean and Marmara Sea of Turkey. The well-known ostracoda species such as Aurila convexa, Jugosocythereis prava, Carinocythereis antiquata, Carinocythereis carinata, Costa batei, Semicytherura inversa, Loxoconcha rhomboidea, Sahnia fasciata, Cushmanidea elongata from Atlantic and Mediterranean and Neonesidea formosa, Triebelina raripila, Cytherella (Cytherelloidea) beckmanni, Cytherelloidea sordida, Aurila arborescens, Carinocythereis rhombica, Hiltermannicythere rubra, Hiltermannicythere turbida, Cytheretta adriatica, Cytheretta judaea, Callistocythere intricatoides, Urocythereis crenulosa, Acanthocythereis hystrix, Paracytheridea depressa, Xestoleberis communis, Xestoleberis dispar and Pontocypris acuminata from in Mediterranean are wide-spread
PRODUCTION OF AN INSULATION MATERIAL FROM CARPET AND BORON WASTES
No full textBuildings are large consumers of energy in all countries. In regions with harsh climatic conditions, a substantial share of energy goes to heat and cool buildings. This paper reports an investigation of the insulation materials made from mixing carpet wastes with a solution with added crude colemanite ore, one of boron minerals, and a solution with added colemanite wastes from a barrage. A new building insulation material was produced which is name, Halibor. Optimum mixing ratios were determined for mass production and the physical properties of the product were established. In addition, the material produced was compared with similar products used in buildings in terms of physical properties. As a result of the investigations, it was established that the product provides high heat and sound insulation and can be used easily in building and construction industry