Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (BMRE)
Not a member yet
1932 research outputs found
Sort by
Characterization and dewatering of borax clayey tailings by mono- and dual-flocculants systems
No full textThis study includes dewatering of Kırka Borax Concentrator tailings by fl occulation with mono- and dual-fl occulants systems. Four polyacrylamide (PAM)-typed anionic and a poly diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride (PolyDADMAC)-typed cationic polymers were used as fl occulants in monoand dual-fl occulants systems to fl occulate tailings. Tailings slurry sample used in the experiments were taken from the discharge point of Kırka Borax Concentrator. Prior to the fl occulation tests, physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis were carried out to characterize the tailings slurry. Results reveal that while tailings solid consists mainly of dolomite and montmorillonite with some unrecoverable boron mineral fi nes and very minor amount of calcite and quartz, tailings water is typical with the content of quite high dissolved carbonate and borax with a pH of 9.4. Flocculation tests were performed in one liter graduated cylinder at inherent pH of the tailings slurry sample. Settling rate and turbidity of overfl ow was measured as important factors for evaluating the fl occulation performance of different fl occulants. The tailings slurry as received showed a very low settling behavior due to the clay content and high percentage of fi ne particles. Flocculation of tailings with anionic fl occulants accelerated the settling rate of particles without providing a clear supernatant. But, dual-fl occulants system, in which anionic and cationic type polymeric fl occulants were used, was able to provide a clear supernatant at relatively higher settling rates. http://dx.doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.33639
Use of Moran’s I and robust statistics to separate geochemical anomalies in Jiurui area (Southeast China)
No full textSeparation of geochemical anomalies from background plays an important role in the study of exploration geochemistry. The limitations of commonly used methods are not taken into account spatial correlation, variability and the unsatisfactory of the statistical assumption of the normality of geochemical data. For solving these limitations, an indirect method for the separation of geochemical anomalies is proposed based on anomaly separation of local Moran’s Ii values using robust statistics in this study. The experiment was carried out using 1481 samples collected from Jiurui copper prospect (southeast China). The steps for the anomaly separation are (i) spatial association and variability were fi rst analyzied by means of Moran scatterplots at six spatial scales (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 km) using both raw data and Box-Cox transformed data; (ii) local Moran’s Ii was used to measure spatial autocorrelationat these six local scales; (iii) anomalous separation was fi nally performed using the MEDIAN ± 1.5*IQR (IQR: interquartile range) rule on local Moran’s Ii values. The results show that geochemical anomalies are mostly concentrated around known ore-deposits, according the objective reality and a strong correlation with known ore-deposits in Jiurui copper prospect. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.19111/bulletinofmre.35137
Separation of geochemical anomalies using inverse distant weighting (IDW) and concentration-area (C-A) fractal modeling based on stream sediments data in Janja Region, SE Iran
No full textIn this study, the Inverse Distant Weighting (IDW) and the Concentration –area (C-A) fractal methods were used for identifi cations of geochemical anomalies in Janja region, SE Iran. Eight elements (Au, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, As, Mo, and Pb) from 300 stream sediment samples were used. The studied area was gridded by 250 m×250 m cells. Estimation of unsampled locations were carried out by inverse distant squared weighting (IDWS) method. Geochemical maps were generated. Log- log plots of cumulative frequency of elemental concentrations versus related areas were constructed. Threshold values were obtained by fi nding break points in the log-log plots. There were four geochemical populations for As, Fe, Mo, Pb and Zn and fi ve geochemical populations for Au, Cu, and Mn. The resulted geochemical anomaly maps obtained from fractal modelling showed that Anomalies of Zn, Mo, Mn, Fe, Cu and As located in southeastern part of study area. There was a good correlation between faults and elementals anomalies. It can be concluded that mineralization occurred along the faults. There was a correlation between anomalies and sedimentary rocks (alluvium and recent alluvium sediments) in SE part of study area. Gold anomalies were located in the NW parts of the studied area. There was a strong relationship between the location of Au anomalies and fault systems in the NW parts of the studied area. Iron concentrations were sporadic and correspond to the sedimentary volcanic rock and turbidites. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.19076/mta.40123
The Relationship of Landslides with lithological units and fault lines occurring on the East Anatolian Fault Zone, between Palu (Elazığ) and Bingöl, Turkey
No full textIn this study, the relationship of landslides with lithological units and fault lines on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) between Palu (Elazığ) and Bingöl, was evaluated. In the study area, which is located within the EAFZ, Göynük to the northeast, Palu Segment to the southwest, Genç Segment to the south of Bingöl plain and Gökdere Uplift in the intersection area form the main tectonic structures. In addition, the Karakoçan Fault Zone (KFZ) cutting the EAFZ in NW-SE direction between Palu and Bingöl corresponds to another important structure (system). The area, which is located in a region where a number of faults intersect, is tectonically very active. This situation has affected the morphology and caused the formation of many landslides along fault lines. In order to determine the relationship between the landslides observed in this area and lithological and tectonic structures, landslide magnitude and distribution analyses were performed by means of Geographical Information Systems. For this purpose, the landslide inventory map and the database were reproduced controlling the satellite images in field studies. Similarly; geological and tectonic maps were prepared considering previous studies. Landslides created in vector format were converted into raster format and overlain with lithological and tectonic maps, and then the relationship between landslides and lithology-fault lines were determined. According to these results, 59% of landslides occur in Upper Miocene-Pliocene agglomerate and tuff units and 10% of them in Eocene carbonate units. According to these data, almost 70% of the landslides in the study area occurred in two units. Considering the relationship between landslides and fault lines 64% of the landslides are observed at 0-1000 m distances to the fault lines. As a result, there is an important relationship between lithological features and fault lines. The fact that landslides have occurred along the fault lines in the north of Murat Valley shows that the landslides are triggered more by earthquakes when compared with those triggered by the hydro meteorological events. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.42827
Determination of predominant site period of loose terestrial units (Caliche) by microtremor measurements
No full textThe caliche profi les that have been observed in arid-semi arid climate regions can be described as terrestrial formations which are vertical succession and composed predominantly of calcium carbonate. At the top of the caliche profi le, there is hard pan leyer as a weak rock and soft pan layer characterized by loose soil is existed. Caliche is formed by the displacement and/or cementation of soil, rock, and weathered material, and is usually found in unsaturated zones. In the study area, consist of caliche units located in Adana. It is noteworthy that the caliches of Quaternary is widely crop out throughout the region, exhibited a fl at topography in the region locate at this unit. The paleosolic deposits in the Adana Basin, which is characterized by climate oscillations in the Pleistocene and surface waters rich in carbonate, following draining, capillarity and weathering, initially formed as a result of sedimentological and followed by pedological processes. Adana is located in the I. and II. degree seismic zone, where many earthquakes have been observed in historical and instrumental periods. It was found that the greatest structural damage sustained by the earthquakes that occurred in Adana especially in 1998, was seen in the buildings located on caliche ; it is believed that the damage caused to the buildings located on chalice can be attributed to the of morphologically distinct layers or horizons. This study determines the sediment amplifi cation characteristics and horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (H/V) within the borders. Accordingly, to demonstrate H/V between the hard pan and the soft pan horizon of the caliche, 24 microtremor measurements were performed on locatio ns with soft pan, on locations with no hard pan, and on locations where the profi le directly begins with the soft pan. http://dx.doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.34830
Petrography and petrology of The Yürekli (Balıkesir) volcanics: an example of post-collisional felsic volcanism in the Biga peninsula (NW Turkey)
No full textIn this study, the aim was to determine the petrography, geochemistry and source of the Yürekli volcanics (Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey). Tertiary volcanism is widespread in Western Anatolia (NW Turkey), which is an important area where tectonic and magmatic events are observed together. Yürekli volcanic rocks comprise dacitic lavas and pyroclastics. Dacitic lavas show porphyric and hyaloporphyric texture, and consist of plagioclase, quartz, amphibole, biotite, sanidine and Fe-Ti oxide minerals with apatite and zircon accessory minerals. Petrologically, they have high-potassic and calc-alkaline characteristics. Yürekli volcanics show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE) on the N-MORB normalized diagram. On the chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) plot, light rare earth elements are enriched but heavy rare earth elements are depleted in the rocks. REE patterns are concave shaped (mean LaN/LuN=16–25) and show slight negative Eu anomalies (0.66–0.81). Plagioclase, amphibole and biotite fractional crystallisation and crustal assimilation are important in the evolution of the Yürekli volcanics. According to all data, it can be argued that the Yürekli volcanics formed in a post-collisional setting, and the parental magmas were derived from the melts of enriched lithospheric mantle. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.42829
Physicochemical properties and availability of Tahar-Güzelöz (Nevşehir) diatomite
No full textIn this study, the use areas of diatomites located within the late Miocene-Pliocene volcano sedimentary units, which formed due to the volcanism and outcropped around the Tahar and Güzelöz localities, Nevşehir, were investigated in terms of raw materials. To do this, three stratigraphic sections were measured in the study area, one of which was measured in the Tahar area (TK), and two others were measured in the Güzelöz area (GÜ1 and GÜ2). Various physicomechanical, chemical, mineralogical and analytical methods were applied on the collected samples. The analysis results of diatomites in the investigated area were determined as follows; the amount of acid-insoluble matters; 74,20 - 84,20%, the amount of water-insoluble matters; 99,80 %, the loss on ignition ratios (950 °C de); 8,18 - 22,82 %, whiteness; 80,45 - 84,79%, the particle sizes; 0,7-209 µ , pore sizes; 1,448 e-03A – 5,888 e-04A, pore volumes; 1,148 e-02 – 8,515 e-02 cc/g, specific gravities; 2,33 – 2,49 g/cm3 , total porosities; 57 –60%, cumulative specific surface areas; 4,047 e+01 – 5,160 e+01 m2/g, pH; 5-7 (acid and neutral), filtration rates; 138 – 351 ml/min and SiO2 contents; 38,16 – 67,77%. It was determined that samples did not contain any palynological material and these generally were formed from long and coarse diatom genus and species. The evaluation of analysis results showed that diatomites of none of three locations were suitable as construction material, carrier, abrasive, cleaner and insulating material. At the same time, it was also determined that diatomites of the Tahar and Güzelöz–1 locations could not be used as the filling material. In addition, it was also detected that these diatomites could be used in the manufacture of silicate and as percolator by the SiO2 enrichment. Also, the diatomites of Güzelöz-2 can be used as the filling material in rubber and paper industries. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.42830
Evaluation of Thrace Region fine coal tailings
No full textThe 79.9% of lignites in Turkey possesses a calorific value lower than 2500 kcal/kg. In order to reduce the energy dependence of the country, it would be right to evaluate these lignite reserves of 11.8 billion tons by effective coal preparation methods and use them with clean coal combustion systems together with developing technology. A typical coal preparation plant produces material within a ratio of 20% of the feed coal below 0.5 mm. Generally, due to the high cost, the gain of the fugitive coal in the product under this size is not preferred but this size group can be utilized owing to the developing coal cleaning technologies. Within scope of this study, the discarded coal slime below 0.5 mm size taken from the Uysal Mining Co. in Tekirdağ was subjected to the enrichment and dewatering processes to obtain a marketable product. In experimental studies, the slime with 81,25% ash content in 150 micron size group was removed from the system in order to produce a high quality product. Afterwards, the coal having 49.09% ash content was subjected to multistage Reichert Spiral tests and a clean coal product with 24,1% ash content was produced. In settling experiments, the product below 150 microns was used and at the end of these tests, the slurry with 30% solid in pulp ratio was produced. It can be concluded that the clean coal, which is produced after enrichment tests, could be used in energy sector, power plants, briquetting plants, cement plants etc. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.42832
Neotectonic and morphotectonic characteristics of the Elmali basin and near vicinities
No full textElmalı Basin, which consists of the Elmalı county and some villages, approximately 120 km far from Antalya city, is one of the recent depositional areas in the extensional neotectonic region of southwestern Turkey. The basin provides signifi cant data for the understanding of the geological evolution to record from the basement to recent depositional units. For this reason, these kinds of structures are used to determine the deformations phases for the evolutionary history of basin formation. In the content of the study, following applications have been investigated: (a) mapping of the area and structures in 1/25.000 scale, (b) information about deformation and tectonic activity along the basin margin faults, (c) the distribution of peak ground acceleration (PGA) in case of an earthquake with 6.5 magnitude and (d) morphometric analyzes of the basin to understand the tectonic uplift by using the digital elevation model. The new results combined with existing data imply that the Elmalı Basin has a number of deformation structures and active faults on both western and eastern sites of the basin. Depending on the morphometric indices, western side of the basin created higher uplift ratio compared with the eastern side of the basin. http://dx.doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.39909
Geochemical characteristics of Gabbroic rocks in Zyarat in North East of Iran
No full textThe mafic rocks outcrops exposed in the South of Gorgan, northeastern of Iran. These gabbroic rocks are intruded into the Middle–Upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and Gorgan schist units representing a part of the north Gondwana province. Petrography studies of these rocks show medium to coarse grained sizes and the texture varies from ophitic to intergranular under polarized microscope. The mineralogical composition of mafic dykes is dominated by large crystals of clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + plagioclase and hornblende. These rocks can be classified as gabbroic rock. Geochemical studies show that these rocks have low to medium K2O contents. The trace element data shows low La/Nb ratios and LREE enrichment (La/Yb 10–21.4). The high LREE/HREE ratios and low Y content corresponding high Ti/Y ratios of the gabbros suggest that they could be derived from melt fractions of a garnet stable source. Considering that the REE plot and tectonic diagrams of the region\u27s gabbro are similar to that of OIB (Ocean island basalt), the former\u27s origin is the same as that of OIB magmas. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.41371