Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (BMRE)
Not a member yet
1932 research outputs found
Sort by
Optimization of some parameters on desulfurization process of Muğla Yatağan Bağyaka lignite by ultrasonic waves
No full textIn this study, the desulfurization process developed using ultrasonic waves for Muğla Yatağan Bağyaka lignite had the optimum conditions for parameters affecting the ash and sulfur removal potentials determined with the Surface Response Method and a model created. The process parameters to obtain optimum desulfurization and ash removal were chosen as the ultrasonic treatment time, solid content, concentration of chemical reactive (H2O2) and reactive volume, and the optimum values were determined. Using this data with the aid of the Design Export 7.0 program, the regression model was found as a second degree polynomial equation. The coefficients of determination (R2) for desulfurization and ash removal regressions were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively, in the determined model. The model prediction values and experimental results for desulfurization and ash removal in the investigated parameter intervals were compared and the fit was identified. In the experimental removal of sulfur types with optimum desulfurization it was found that pyritic 17.02%, sulfate 16.67% and organic 9.52% DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.41740
Petrographic and palynological investigations of Sinanpaşa (Afyon) Miocene coals
No full textIn this study, petrographical and palynological analyses of coal samples from two regions (the Kırka region in the south, and the Karacaören region in the north) of the Sinanpaşa (Afyon) Neogene basin were performed. The coal-bearing Neogene sediments indicate the occurrence of fi ve facies: paleosol, matrix-supported conglomerate, coal-bearing mudstone, sandstone-claystone and laminated mudstones. Coal layers are mainly within coal-bearing mudstone facies. In addition, there are various types of coalifi ed materials in matrix-supported conglomerate and sandstone-claystone facies. Based on coal petrography, an interpretation of the coal-forming environment was made. The investigated coals mainly contain a huminite maceral group. From the refl ection values (Rmax), these coals can be classifi ed as sub-bituminous in rank, and as being deposited in swamp zones associated with limnic environments. The palynological data indicates that all studied coal-bearing units are of Mid-Miocene age. On the other hand, based on MAT, CMT, WMT and MAP parameters, it can be stated that at that time climatic conditions changed seasonally in the study area. Humid climatic conditions prevailed during the period when the peat was formed, then later transformed into the coal layers examined in this manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.36334
Geochemical and Petrologic Evolution of Otlakbaşı Basaltic Volcanism to the East of Lake Van
No full textCollision-related Otlakbaşı volcanism to the east of Lake Van occurred by eruptions from extensional fissures. In this study, it is investigated new Ar-Ar age data and major, trace and rare earth elements characteristics of the Otlakbaşı basaltic volcanism. The Ar-Ar age data indicate that this basaltic volcanism erupted in Early Pliocene time in contrast to its previously known as Quaternary age. The volcanic products are basaltic composition and close to alkaline-subalkaline division line. Results of fractional crystallization accompanied by assimilation (AFC) modeling imply that fractional crystallization can be negligible compared to crustal contamination in the evolution processes of the magma chamber and ratio of the crustal contamination to the fractional crystallization (r values) varies from 0.1 to 0.35. Enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to high strength field elements (HFSE) and behavior of mobile elements (Ba and Th) reveal that the mantle source region of the Otlakbaşı basaltic volcanism might have been enriched by melts that were derived from subducted sediments. Depletion in Rb and K elements of the fractionated-corrected samples indicate that amphibole and/or phlogopite could be the presence in the mantle source. Results of partial melting model studies show that this basaltic volcanism can be predominantly produced by the melting of the spinel peridotite source. Metasomatized spinel bearing lithospheric mantle may be responsible for the eruption of the Otlakbaşı basaltic volcanism. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.42778
Geology and critical review of the Upper Cretaceous Zagros chalky limestone (Kometan Formation) from Sulaimani Governorate, Northeastern Iraq
No full textThe chalky limestone (Kometan Formation) is aged Late Turonian–Middle Campanian and cropping out in the High, Imbricate and Thrust Zones of northeastern Iraq, Sulaimani area. It laterally changes to Bekhme and Mushurah formations toward northwest and west Iraq respectively and its reefal equivalents occurs too in subsurface of Central Iraq in the oil fields. Stratigraphically, it is located between Shiranish Formation (Middle-Late Campanian), at the top, and Gulneri Formation (Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian) at its base. It has the thickness of about 40-120 meter and deposited in pelagic realm. All previous studies have defined it as well bedded and fine grain limestone of deep marine facies with concentration of chert nodules and stylolites on or near bedding surfaces. The only recorded fossils are nannofossils, planktonic forms and rare benthonic forams. On the contrary, a most recent study has declined all the above features and changed lithology to massive, homogenous limestone with abundant Thalassinoides trace fossils. It additionally concluded that the bedding surfaces are not true bedding (pseudo-bedding) and formed by stylolization not by deposition. The present study is focusing on update the geology of the Cretaceous chalky limestone and critical review in addition to comparison of all the above ideas and introducing new ones. The features of the Thalassinoides, massiveness and pseudo-bedding of previous authors discussed and their absence confirmed and justified by field and laboratory works. Moreover, the massiveness is refused and well bedding (relatively has thin beds) is proved as an intrinsic characteristic of the formation in all section. The study also shows absence of relation of the chert nodules and chert bedding with traces fossils due to absence of bioturbation, detrital clasts, bioclasts, sorting, lamination and color change. Moreover, the idea of deposition of Kometan Formation in Zagros Foreland basin refused and assumed as deposition of continental margin of Neo-Tethys Sea (or ocean) before ophiolitic obduction and foreland generation. DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.42834
Holocene activity of the Orhaneli Fault based on palaoseismological data, Bursa, NW Anatolia
No full textOrhaneli Fault is 30 km long, right-lateral strike-slip fault with dominant reverse component located in the Biga Peninsula. This fault controls the southern margin of the Quaternary Orhaneli Basin. Additionally, it cuts the metamorphic rocks of the Tavşanlı Zone, Cretaceous ophiolitic units and Neogene/Quaternary sediments, and can be easily recognized on aerial photographs and in the fi eld due to linearity and fault scarps. Elongated ridges, offset valleys and fault saddles observed along the fault are important geomorphological features indicating fault activity. This study presents the results of the fi rst palaeoseismological study on the Orhaneli Fault. Two trenches were excavated along the fault. These trenches, named Serçeler and Kusumlar, exhibited that metamorphic rocks of the Tavşanlı Zone were thrust onto Quaternary sediments by the fault. The study encountered evidences of four large earthquakes accompanied by surface rupture in Quaternary. The results of Serçeler trench indicated the older earthquake occurred between 22,000±3,200 BC and 6,600±800 BC, and the most recent earthquake occurred before 770-415 BC. The Kusumlar trench data showed that the older earthquake occurred between 6,660 BC and 3,085 BC, and the most recent event in the period after 650 AD. Any interpretation could not be made about the recurrence period between palaeoearthquakes. In this study, Holocene activity on the Orhaneli Fault was proven. If this fault, with 30 km total length comprising two segments, ruptured as a single piece, it has the potential to produce an earthquake with Mw=6.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.41324
Syn-sedimentary deformation structures in the Early Miocene lacustrine deposits, the basal limestone unit, Bigadiç basin (Balıkesir, Turkey)
No full textIn the Western Anatolian region, NE-SW, E-W directional basins were developed which were limited to the extension-related faults beginning in the late Oligocene to early Miocene. The fi llings of these basins consist of fl uvial – lacustrine deposits containing volcanic and volcaniclastic intercalations. These deposits include intensive local unconformities and soft sediment deformation structures. The fi lling of the Bigadiç Neogene Basin which is one of these basins, constitute base limestone unit, lower tuff unit, lower borate unit, upper tuff unit and upper borate unit. The base limestone unit composed of claystone, marl, limestone, dolomitic limestone facies was deposited in the deep lacustrine environment. The soft sediment deformation structures were defi ned in the base limestone unit, which outcroped in the south of Bigadiç. These are: slumps, rock falls, chaotic structures, clastic dykes, synsedimentary faults and breccia limestone. Deformation mechanisms are related essentially to the increase of slopes of layers, liquidization and fl uidization. In the study area; regional tectonics, sedimentological data, and deformation structures are evaluated together, it is concluded that these structures are formed by tectonic and seismic (earthquakes related to tectonic origin and syndepositional magmatic activities). http://dx.doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.37854
AN INVESTIGATION ON SINGLE-PARTICLE IMPACT BREAKAGE FUNCTIONS OF A GOLD ORE BY DROP-WEIGHT TECHNIQUE
No full textImpact breakage functions for a gold ore from Bergama region (Turkey) was estimated based on the single-particle impact breakage distributions of particles obtained from drop weight tests. For this purpose, a modified manual version of a JK Tech drop-weight test device was used. Effect of specific comminution energy (Ecs) on impact breakage distributions were investigated. Relationship between specific comminution energy and impact breakage product fineness (t10) parameter was established. Ecs-t10 model given in the literature was successfully fitted to the breakage test results. Ecs-t10 impact breakage model for the gold ore was proposed to be used in breakage function estimation. t-family curve approach was applied to estimate single particle breakage functions of the gold ore. For this purpose, t-family curves were modelled and variations of empirical breakage functions for the gold ore were estimated on different impact energy levels for comminution process modelling
STRATİGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN PART OF PİRAMAGROON ANTİCLİNE, SULAİMANİ AREA, NORTHEAST IRAQ
No full textThe Piramagroon anticline (or Pira Magrun Mountain) elongates directly to the northwest of Sulaimani city, Northeast Iraq and its southeastern part contains two other anticlines, named Harmetool and Yakhyian anticlines in addition to their complementary synclines and many other smaller folds. The anticline has experienced intense search for oil in the last few years and a well is drilled to a depth of 3000 meters but, any evidence of oil or gas wasn’t found. In the present study, the southeastern part has been studied stratigraphically and structurally and the previous studies have been critically reviewed which may help to reason about the absence of oil in the area. In this study the stratigraphy of the anticline has been determined and Kometan, Gulneri, Dokan, Balambo and Sarmord formations have been plotted on a geological map and stratigraphic column and the nannofossils have been used for the aging of intervals with undetermined ages. The thickness of the Gulneri Formation is 2-4 m and by the analysis of nannofossils its age was identified as Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian. Lithology and bedding styles of the Dokan and Upper part of the Balambo formations are very similar to Kometan Formation and they can be determined either by fossils or by using Gulneri Formation as marker bed. The outcrop of the Gulneri Formation is helpful for differentiation since it is soft and can be recognized easily in the field by its darker color. The structure of the anticline is relatively complex as it consists of asymmetrical anticlines with southwest plunge mainly in few places while it changes to overturned fold in others and is deformed by reverse fault. The anticlines are shaped by detachments on the Gulneri and Sarmord formations and by the other older soft rocks. The newly formed anticlines have the style of multi-detachment fold or multi-detachment faulted fold
AN APPROACH TO COAST EDGE LINE AT THE EASTERN ANTALYA MARGINAL-MARINE SEA SIDES
No full textIn this study, geological and geomorphological studies having the solution approaches for the coast edge line problem at the marginal-marine environments were realised and some solutions were proposed. The eight following locations were chosen: South of Lara Main Road (1), Aksu River Exit (2), Acısu Stream-2 (3), Ağılısu Stream Exit (4), Köprüçay Exit (5), seashore at the south of Evrenseki (6), seashore at the east of Side (7) and Kızılot (8). Past and new images of the Google Earth satellite views, topographic maps and aerial views; lithological-sedimentological observations, fauna data in sediments, plant cover, artificial structures, previous literature and related law and rules were taken into consideration. Besides the matter were also evaluated in the views of tectonics and sea level changes. From the obtained data two significant subjects are seen as important points on the matter. The first is backward date and validity period in future. The second is effective sea level in height. In fact, recent geomorphologic structure of the eastern Antalya Coasts is the result of mixed functions such as wave, river and wind dominated activities. It is also important to indicate that internal parts of the land also comprise very low elevations up to just a few meters above the sea-level. As a result it is brought out that last and future centuries as a time assume for the coast edge line solution and observations on the sea level changes in last and future decades as a space are present as significant approaches to the solution of the problem
MAASTRICHTIAN - SELANDIAN PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEOECOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF AKVEREN FORMATION IN BARTIN AREA (WESTERN BLACK SEA, TURKEY)
No full textThe changes in planktonic foraminifera assemblages were studied in two sections composed of clayey limestone, limestone, claystone and marl in the Akveren Formation in the Bartın Province. Pseudoguembelina palpebra, Racemiguembelina fructicosa, Abathomphalus mayaroensis and Pseudoguembelina hariaensis biozones in the Maastrichtian and Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina, Glomobanomalina compressa/Praemurica uncinata, Praemurica uncinata and Morozovella angulata biozones in the Paloecene were determined using planktonic genus and species identified in these sections. Paleoecological interpretations in this study were completed by using the relative abundances of paleoecological species identified in these biozones. The abundance of Rugoglobigerina spp., Heterohelix globulosa, Pseudoguembelina spp., species that tolerated changes in sea water temperature and nutrition, increased in the Maastrichtian. In the uppermost Maastrichtian, high abundance of Racemiguembelina fructicosa, Heterohelix globulosa and Rugoglobigerina spp. show oligotrophic and warmer environmental conditions in this study. The abundance of globotruncanids are unstable due to environmental changes. The new species have smaller sizes and globular chambers emerged in the Paleocene. High abundance of Subbotina triloculinoides and Parasubbotina pseudobulloides show mesotrophic and cooler environmental conditions in the Danian. Morozovellid taxa started to dominate in the Selandian and environmental conditions changed from mesotrophic to oligotrophic