Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (BMRE)
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The internal structure of Beypazarı Blind Thrust Zone around Çayırhan
No full textThe Beypazarı Blind Thrust Zone, which is surrounded by the North Anatolian, the Eskişehir, and the Kırıkkale-Erbaa fault zones, is a recently defined neotectonic structure developed in the NW central Anatolia together with the Eldivan-Elmadağ and the Abdüsselam Pinched Crustal Wedges. In this study, the internal structure of the Beypazarı Blind Thrust Zone has been examined in detail around Çayırhan region. It has been defined that it consists of the Karaköy, Sekli, Nalçabayırı, Uzunbayır blind thrusts, Davutoğlan Back Thrust, and Beypazarı Blind Thrust I-II from North to south, respectively with help of the fault-propagation folds in the study area. The existence of economically important and operational resources such as lignite and trona in the Neogene sequence affected by these faults in the region and earthquake generating potential of the faults determined in previous studies increase the importance of this study. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.65171
Evolution of slab tearing-related high potassium volcanism: Petrogenetic data from the Emirdağ and İscehisar volcanic units
No full textVolcanism that has been active since the early Miocene along a N-S trending line from Eskişehir to Isparta displays calc-alkaline and alkaline character and is closely associated with slab tearing processes. However, the geodynamic setting of these volcanic units between Afyon and Emirdağ is still poorly known. In this study, petrological characteristics of the Emirdağ and İscehisar volcanic units have been investigated using petrography, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes. The Emirdağ and İscehisar volcanic units overlap the SeydileIgnimbrites. The Emirdağ volcanic unit is trachyandesite and the İscehisar volcanic unit is trachyte, basaltic trachyandesite and trachydacite in composition. The Emirdağ volcanic unit displays calc-alkaline character, while the İscehisar volcanic unit is alkaline but the rocks from both the units have shoshonite character defined by their high K2O contents. The Emirdağ volcanic unit has 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.706790-0.706284 and 143Nd/144Nd ratios of 0.512472-0.512463, while these ratios in the İscehisar volcanic unit are of 0.707650-0.706527 and 0.512464-0.512424, respectively. Data revealed by this study indicate that these volcanic units were affected by crustal contamination, fractional crystallization and magma mixing. Rising of asthenosphere in the region due to the extensional regime in the Early Miocene appears to have caused formation of volcanism that pass from calc-alkaline to alkaline in character. The Emirdağ and İscehisar volcanic units are the products of the volcanism that developed in the late stages of southward slab roll-back and in the extensional regime prior to the slab tearing event. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.69335
Petrographic-mineralogical examination and diagenetic history of the Paleogene evaporites in Bulanık (Muş), Turkey
No full textOligocene aged evaporite formations are observed in shallow sea-sabkha environments that develop in highly restricted conditions from sea in northeastern of the Muş basin. Evaporites are observed as alternated and intercalated with clastics and carbonates that developed under the control of factors such as climate, tectonism, volcanism and diagenesis. Evaporites consist of primary and secondary gypsum and minor anhydrite. In petrographic and minerologic examinations, secondary gypsum textures such as alabastrin, porphyroblastic and satin spar with anhydrite relicts, late diagenetic calcite, bitumen and bioturbation traces were detected. In SEM-EDS studies; celestine crstals, autogenic and detritic clay and quartz grains and euhedral dolomite mineral were observed. As a result of all these studies, the conditions and phases of the evaporites from the sedimentation stage to early diagenesis and late diagenesis processes of the evaporites were illuminated. Secondary gypsum consists of the origin of primary anhydrite and gypsum. From the diagenetic fluids released during the gypsum-anhydrite transformation, the late diagenetic calcite and by the interaction of the ions carried by the hydrothermal solutions to the basin with the groundwater were formed the celestite. Stream activity in the basin was determined by the presence of detritic minerals in gypsum minerals.
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.56961
Mineralogical characteristics of metamorphic massif units outcropping in Göksun, Afşin and Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş) region
No full textThis study aims to investigate and correlate the mineralogical-petrographic characteristics of Metamorphites in Göksun, Afşin and Ekinözü in the Southeast Anatolian Metamorphic Massifs. In this context, the optical microscopy and XRD investigations were performed on several samples. Göksun Metamorphites are constituted by phyllite, calcphyllite, marble and they contain mainly calcite, dolomite, quartz, feldspar, phyllosilicate. KI and b-cell dimension data reflect high anchizone-epizone and medium pressure conditions. Afşin Metamorphites are represented by phyllite, calcphyllite, calcschist, micaschist, amphiboleschist, marble. Phyllosilicates have consisted of illite/mica, IIb chlorite, mixed-layers, smectite. KI and b-cell dimension data correspond to the subgreenschist-greenschist facies conditions. Ekinözü Metamorphites are made of chloriteschist, amphiboleschist, micaschist, micagneiss in lower parts, while calcitic and/or dolomitic marbles are present in the upper parts. Mica is dioctahedral and trioctahedral, whereas chlorite tends to be trioctahedral. Based on mineral associations, Ekinözü Metamorphites belong to amphibolite facies in the lower parts, but the greenschist facies conditions at the upper parts. The coarse-grained biotite, muscovite and chlorite are accompanied by mixed-layers. According to mineral composition and degrees of metamorphism, Göksun and Afşin Metamorphites are similar to the Keban and Malatya Metamorphites; however, Ekinözü Metamorphites to Pütürge Metamorphites. The data show that metamorphics in the western extension of the Southeast Anatolian Metamorphic Massifs have different origin and/or lithologies according to the regions, increasing temperature-pressure conditions from Göksun to Ekinözü and have groups of rock with different geological evolutions.
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.61088
The role of variscan shortening in the control of mineralization deposition in Tadaout-Tizi N’rsas mining district (Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco)
No full textThe abundance of the NE-SW direction veins mineralized in barite, copper, lead and zinc in the Tadaout-Tizi n’Rsas (TTR) anticline make this area one of the principal vein fields in Tafilalet (easternmost border of the Eastern Anti-Atlas). Reactivation of faults and alternation of competent (thicks Ordovician series, Silurian limestone and Devonian limestone) and incompetent levels (Silurian shales and Devonian marls) have an important role in the deformation of the TTR anticline during the NE-SW Variscan shortening. Our work based on lineaments extraction using a Landsat 8 OLI combined with some geological cross sections, shows a N130° major fold corresponding to TTR anticline. This big fold shows internal N130°, N95° and N20° minor folds. This structure indicates that the TTR area was formed in the hinge between the Anti-Atlas and the Ougarta belts. A number of these folds are the consequence of the underlying Precambrian faults reactivation and alternation of competent and incompetent levels. Brittle tectonics is dominated by NE-SW normal faults which result from the NE-SW shortening consequence of the Gondwana and Eurasia continents collision. Consequently, the mineralization of TTR is necessarily related to late or post-Variscan orogeny.
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.52416
Utilization of pumice of Burdur region and zeolite of Bigadiç-Balıkesir region as fine aggregate in construction materials
No full textVolcanic originated pumice and zeolite aggregates have low density owing to their considerable porous structure. Porosity is usually correlated with insulation properties. In order to examine the effects of this lightweight aggregates on dead load of structure and insulation properties of standard construction materials, samples were produced by using pumice and zeolite at varying percentages by volume and control samples were manufactured with crushed sand. The samples were exposed to normal (standard) curing, hot water curing and steam curing to observe the effect of different curing regimes on their behavior. Bulk density and thermal conductivity tests were carried out on samples. Both bulk density and thermal conductivity values of the lightweight mortar samples were smaller than those of control sample. Besides, chemical compositions of aggregates and cement, analyses were also performed. Silica content of pumice and zeolite were %54,09 and %75,14 by mass respectively.
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.59355
Characterization of iron ore and scale for synthesizing vinyl paint
No full textTwo materials are studied to synthesize a vinyl painting. Iron ore is an iron pigment with an oolithic structure containing phosphorus. The second material is a steel by-product. The raw materials proprieties were studied by chemical, particle size, thermal, XRD and spectrophotometric analysis. The iron contents of the pigment and scale are respectively 53.18% and 73.83%. The grindability of scale is better than that of the pigment. The particle volume distribution is 0.7 to 32 µm for scale and 0.6 to 40 µm for pigment. TGA and DTA tests show that the pigment loses weight with phase dissolution by consuming energy and the scale gains weight with the formation of a new phase when the temperature increases. The SEM of the scale showed a homogeneous structure of iron oxide grains ranging from 1 to 10 μm. XRD analysis shows that the iron in the pigment is in the form of (Fe2O3) and FeO (OH)) and very little (Fe2SiO4). The iron in the scale is in the form of (FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4). Spectrophotometric tests show that the two materials have no absorption and their reflection is maximum (100%) in the visible range.
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.60408
Using of GIS on field geology studies: An application on central-southern of Eskişehir
No full textTechnological developments on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) make possible to use its applications on all departments of earth sciences. GIS based drill-hole data, lithological and structural maps are used integrated with field geolgy investigations in this study. The area where is bordered Batıkent-Yukarı Söğütönü districts on northwest and Vadişehir-Ihlamurkent districts on southeast is defined as study area. 44 water wells drilled by State Hydraulic Works (DSİ) are located in various points of Eskişehir region were transformed to GIS base. Geological cross-sections which were designed by drill-hole lithology are point out a disconformity zones between Paleogene and Neogene according to principle of lateral continuity. Neotechtonic researches on study area Show thah right lateral strike slip shear zone dominates the region structurally. Searching these structural traces on the field and representing new field evidances by using GIS on the regions where there is no consensus stratigraphicly are the main purposes of the study. Geological map of the region where lies between Çankaya and Karapınar districts without consensus stratigrapichly was made by field observations on Miocene units. The other surface evidances include dilation fractures, strike-slip faults are support the idea which is suggested for Eskişehir region as right lateral strike-slip shear zone. https://doi.org//10.19111/bulletinofmre.66930
Geology and formation of Nevruztepe Fe-Cu skarn mineralization (Kayseri-Turkey)
No full textThe Nevruztepe iron-copper prospect is a skarn near Yeşilhisar (Kayseri). It has been overlooked as a potential producer of copper. The skarn was generated in Permian to Jurassic carbonate rocks by the Eocene Yahyalı granitic pluton. Lithologic units, including skarns, dip about 15 degrees southward. Skarns are both prograde (garnet and diopside) and retrograde (epidote); both exoskarn and endoskarn exist. Most of the magnetite is in a quartz-sulfide stage in retrograde skarn that is cut by veins and lenses containing quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite. Granite and mineralized skarn are rare at the surface. From 2013 to 2015, 31 drill holes (totaling 6.178,5 m) encountered skarn to a depth of 450 m. Mineralized zones vary from 1,2 to 54,7 m thick. Fe mean grade ranges from 12% to 49%; mean copper grades vary from 10 to 4650 ppm. The deposit contains 5.096.788 tonnes of mineralized material. Microscopy on samples of drill core shows that the ore minerals are primarily magnetite, hematite, and chalcopyrite. Some magnetite is altered to hematite. Experiments show that with grinding to 100 microns the iron can be beneficiated to 66%. Waste from separation of the magnetite is 0.16 to 0.19% Cu; with flotation this was beneficiated to 19% Cu. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.54318
First Turolian findings in the Neogene sequence of Denizli Basin (SW Anatolia) and its regional palaeobiogeographic significance
No full textThe large fossil vertebrates obtained from the alluvial flood-plain deposits of the Kolankaya formation are determined as Skoufotragus laticeps (Andree, 1926) and Hipparion brachypus (Hensel, 1862), as representative elements of palaeomammal faunas spanning from the eastern Mediterranean to Iranian domains during the late Miocene (early-middle Turolian, MN11-12). These first Turolian records from the basin fill succession bear importance on reconstruction for the palaeobiogeographic diversity of relevant taxons as well as admit of interbasinal stratigraphic correlation for the Western Anatolian terrestrial Neogene basins.
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.65162