Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (BMRE)
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Evaluation of thermomagnetic properties and geothermal energy potential in parts of Bida Basin, Nigeria, using spectral analysis
No full textThermomagnetic properties and geothermal energy potential in parts of Bida Basin, Nigeria have been evaluated using spectral analysis of integrated nine aeromagnetic data. The study area covering 27.225 km2 of aeromagnetic data was examined and construed in order to delineate the thermal properties of the country-rock in the area. The result of the visual inception of the residual map reveals that the area comprises an extremely irregular pattern of magnetic intensities that range from 220 to 240 nT. Two structural features of folding evidence were also delineated in the area namely; uplift and depression. The result of the lineament structures from the shaded relief map and Rose diagram depicts NE-SW as the major trend with the minor trend is NW - SE. Two depths to magnetic sources were distinguished in the area: the shallower bodies which vary from 1.27 to 1.96 km and the deeper bodies that vary from 2.01 to 4.27 km. The result also shows an average depth to the centroid as 12.97 km in the area. The thermomagnetic properties analysis show average values of 23.12 km Curie isotherm, 25.27 °C/km geothermal gradients and 63.17 mWm2 heat flow in the area. The study concludes that the study area possesses good potential quality for geothermal energy generation and exploration.
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.69513
Imaging the tectonic components under the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea with gravity (satellite) data
No full textTectonic structures in the Black Sea and the Levantine Sea were mapped using satellite gravity data. The relationship between Antalya and Cyprus arcs is revealed by the deformation traces of the arc formation. The Cyprus arc which over the slice that disappears from the South of the Anaximander seamounts to the Northeast, can traceable at the western end of the Antalya Bay. The distinction of western and eastern basins in the Black Sea is also mapped. Due to the low spatial resolution, additional studies with higher resolution are required. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.97592
Natural and cultural heritage integration and geoconservation recommendatory of the Nemrut - Süphan proposed geopark area, Bitlis - Turkey
No full textNemrut - Süphan proposed geopark area located in Eastern Anatolia, Bitlis County, between the Bitlis City Center and Tatvan - Ahlat - Adilcevaz Villages which covers total of 5.300 square km. Two strato - volcano of Turkey, the Nemrut (2.948 meters) and Süphan (4.058 meters) mountains, are located in this area. The southern part of the area consists of metamorphic rocks meters, which are the oldest strata of Turkey. The biggest soda lake of the World, Lake Van, consist the eastern side, of the geopark area. Ophiolitic rocks also exist in this area, representing the remnant of the ancient Neo - Tethys ocean. Total 44 geosite were proposed and determined in the geopark area, most of them are located on five proposed geo-routes. These proposed geosites and several cultural heritage elements are amalgamated within the scope of the geopark management system. This plan also includes the geo-conservation table of these proposed geosites. This area is ready for announcing as a second “International Geopark” (UNESCO) of Turkey in terms of unique geodiversity, cultural heritages, bio-diversity and different kinds of summer and winter outdoor activity potential, in the light of the performed inventory studies.
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.86009
Usability value of the Yenicekale formation exposure around the Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) as a cement raw material
No full textThe study area is located around Pazarcık - Narlı, Kahramanmaraş province. The aim of the study is to investigate the value of units belonging to the Yenicekale Formation Kışla Marl Member as cement raw material. As a result of XRD studies, it was determined that Yenicekale formation Kışla Marn Member which is exposed to large areas in the region is composed of illite, quartz, dolomite, calcite, and chlorite minerals by rock analyzed. By geochemical analysis, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, SO3 contents of the units were determined and these values were compared with the limit values used in cement raw materials. When the results were evaluated, it was determined that the total alkali elements (Na2O+ K2O) were within the limit values, but others were below or above these limit values. In addition, with geochemical analyses, it was calculated Silicate and Aluminium Modules. The most suitable values for Silicate Modules in Turkish Cement Factories are 2.2 - 2.6. In this study, Silicate Modulus values are in the range of 1.94 - 5.22. Standard values or Aluminum are between 1.5 and 2.5. The values of Aluminum Modules determined in this study are in the range of 0.43 - 1.38. For Hydraulic Module, the standard values are in the range of 1.8 - 2.2. The values determined in this study are in the range of 0.24 - 5. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.85653
Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N)
No full textThe study area is located 45 km south of Denizli. The purpose of this study is to identify the organic geochemical properties and paleo depositional environment of organic matter rich rocks from Tavas (Denizli/SW Turkey). For this purpose, total organic carbon (TOC, wt.%) and pyrolysis, n-alkane, isoprenoid, sterane, terpane and aromatic hydrocarbon parameters have been investigated of the studied samples. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) investigations were also carried out. Organic matter rich rocks which have type III kerogen have got 25.80 and 44.00 wt.% TOC content. Hydrogen index (HI, 73 and 120 mg HC/g TOC) and Oxygen index (OI, 34 and 59 mg CO /g TOC) values of samples are very low. The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N show the terrestrial C3 ecosystem. The predominance of high molecular weight n-alkanes, degree of waxiness and less dibenzothiophene (DBT) concentrations indicate terrestrial organic matter. At the same time, biomarker and pyrolysis parameters indicate that the organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli) are in the immature stage. Pr/Ph, C /C homohopane biomarker ratios and C35
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.74212
Optimization of leaching conditions for extraction of magnesium from a chromite beneficiation plant tailing predominantly containing lizardite
No full textIn this study, leaching experiments were performed for extraction of magnesium from a chromite beneficiation plant tailing predominantly containing lizardite. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzes showed that the tailing sample contains 39.3wt.% MgO and consist of predominantly lizardite mineral. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) were used as acids separately in leaching experiments. Acid concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, and solid ratio were investigated as leaching parameters and optimized. Maximum magnesium extraction yield was determined to be nearly 98% for both acids under optimum leaching parameters which leaching temperature was 85°C, solid ratio was 20wt.%, leaching time was 120 minutes, and acid concentrations were 6 M for HCl and 4 M for H₂SO₄. In addition, it was determined that the leaching residue as a solid state was mainly composed of amorphous silicate according to the XRD analysis. Dissolution rate data were explained using Jander equation. Mg dissolution process found to be diffusion controlled. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.82763
Beneficiation and flowsheet development of a low grade iron ore: A case study
No full textIn the present study a detailed characterization followed by beneficiation of low grade iron ore was studied. The Run of Mine (R.O.M) sample assayed 21.91 % Fe, which is very low grade in nature. The impurities are SiO2 26.25%, MgO 20.48%, CaO 5.85%, Al2O3 1.86% and loss on ignition (LOI) 12.71%. A Davis Tube test was performed for the assessment of the separability of magnetic ores by low intensity magnetic separators. The heavy liquid test was carried out to evaluate the possible response of the sample by the gravity concentration technique. The samples were subjected to jigging, dry low intensity magnetic separation (DLIMS) and shaking table tests. Thus a sufficient concentrate could not be obtained in +1 mm by using jigging and DLIMS. The obtained results show that the a high grade iron concentrate (\u3e65% Fe) with lower recoveries was obtained from shaking table tests by using -1 mm fraction. According to the results a flowsheet was developed. From the developed flowsheet, it is possible to obtain pellet grade concentrate with 65.41% Fe, 2.54% SiO2, 2.79% MgO, 0.70% CaO and 0.32% Al2O3. with 21.42% weight recovery. The overall gangue rejection recovery of the circuit is over 95%. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.83418
Impact of solid waste on groundwater quality in selected dumpsites in AkwaIbom State, Nigeria using resistivity and hydrochemical data
No full textThis study examines the impact of solid waste on groundwater quality around three municipal dumpsites in AkwaIbom State, Nigeria using resistivity and hydrochemical data. Thirty vertical electrical soundings and ten electrical resistivity tomography data were acquired across the area using Schlumberger array. The resistivity data which were analyzed with the aid of IPI2WIN software formed the input data for estimating and modeling leachate parameters. Twelve groundwater samples collected around the area were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The leachate parameters computed from resistivity interpretation across the area show thickness (2 to 56 m); hydraulic conductivity (6.19 to 24.7 m/day); transmissivity (96.63 to 1351.18 m²/day) and erodibility (104.36 to 2948.94 m/day). The hydrochemical analyses reveal elevated values of Total Dissolved Solids, Cadmium and high electrical conductivity within the area. The leachate migration paths trend predominantly in NW-SE and NE-SW directions at Uyo and Oron, respectively. The hydrogeological risk models reveal that the static water level crisscrosses the leachate at 35 m in Oron, while Uyo area has 25 m gap between the leachate and the static water levels. The study concludes that Oron dumpsites really contaminated the groundwater quality and makes it unfit for the dwellers. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.75324
Investigation of the coefficient of consolidation of fine-grained soils using combined apparatus
No full textThe scope of this investigation is to compare the coefficient of consolidation (cv) values defined by the Taylor’s Square Root of Time Fitting Method, which is obtained from the conventional oedometer tests, with the cv values calculated by Terzaghi’s One Dimensional (1D) Consolidation Theory, which is obtained from the permeability-consolidation tests performed with a combined apparatus specifically designed for this study. In addition, an empirical relation is developed to determine cv using the coefficient of permeability (k) and index properties of the soils. The cv values obtained from the permeability-consolidation tests using the combined apparatus were found to be larger than the cv values defined by the Taylor’s method, which is one of the oedometer tests. The findings showed that the difference was more prominent in the soil samples with a high plasticity. It was also found that the cv calculated by the Taylor’s method exhibited a distribution in a wide range with the increased load depending on the degree of plasticity of the soil. The cv obtained from the combined apparatus it decreased with low load values and increased with higher load levels. The cv obtained by the proposed empirical relationship showed good agreement with the cv defined by permeabilityconsolidation relationships. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.83593
New age findings with microfossils of the Van Formation (Van, Eastern Anatolia)
No full textVan Formation, which is mainly represented by conglomerate, sandstone, marl and limestone, covers a large area around the Van province. The age of the unit was assigned in different localities of the region as late Oligocene - middle Miocene, early Miocene, Burdigalian - Langhian (early - middle Miocene) by previous studies. In order to determine the age of the upper levels of the formation in the east and southeast of Lake Van, a total of 98 samples collected from three measured stratigraphic sections. These samples have been examined in terms of calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminiferal content. 33 species of 12 calcareous nannoplankton genera and 18 species of 9 planktonic foraminiferal genera representing the Serravalian - Tortonian interval have been identified. Calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminiferal biozones of the unit could not be defined in the study area because of some samples do not contain calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminifera, some samples are scarce in fossils and not all of the zonal markers have been identified. Considering the stratigraphic distribution of the calcareous nannoplankton and planktonic foraminiferal species that the formation contains, age of the Van Formation in the study area is re-evaluated as Serravallian - Tortonian (middle - late Miocene). This shows that marine features continued in the Tortonian (late Miocene) in the study area. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.89785