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Analysing the Feasibility of Outsourcing Retail and Operations Division Employees
No full textSHAFFER & Co., a premium menswear brand operating 10 stores throughout Pakistan, consists broadly of three departments; management, operations and retail. SHAFFER’s management is considering outsourcing employees in the operations and retail divisions. The purpose to shift from in-house payroll employees to outsourced employees is due to resource constraints and management’s focus on its strategic goals to increase retail presence by four times. Prior to formulating the project, internal research had begun and SHAFFER had proposals from two HR vendors, HRSG and PrimeHR. The objectives of our ELP was to determine the feasibility and operational impact of outsourcing employees in both departments and if they align with SHAFFER’s strategic goals. Moreover, we were tasked to do a comparative analysis of SHAFFER’s current in-house model and outsourcing model, and recommend which HR vendor SHAFFER should partner with. Our resign design consisted of three phases. We conducted secondary research on outsourcing theoretical frameworks, employee perceptions relating to outsourcing and operational impact. Our secondary research was a crucial stage in our research to determine functions within SHAFFER with outsourcing potential and selecting an ideal third party vendor. We paired our secondary research with case studies relating outsourcing strategies adopted by big players in the Pakistani apparel industry. We observed a bias towards research on traditional outsource to low-cost country models, rather than specific employee outsourcing. However, studies on employee outsourcing extended similar principles to research its operational impact. Lastly, we conducted interviews with HR professionals to gather industry insights. We interviewed firms, both availing and avoiding outsourcing services to acquire objective insights on the subject matter. We used these insights to devise a comprehensive hybrid strategy for SHAFFER, going beyond outsourcing, that aligned with its strategic goals to expand, keeping in mind core issues such as talent shortages and resource constraints. This strategy not only focuses on core knowledge retention while outsourcing non-core functions to capitalize on cost efficiencies and preserve SHAFFER’s innovative spirit, but also to enhance SHAFFER’s internal capabilities through skill and leadership development
Kanteen Feasibility
No full textThe purpose of this Experiential Learning Project (ELP) is to evaluate the scalability of Kanteen’s business to the competitive food and beverage (F&B) industry within Karachi with recommendations in line with the Terms of Reference (TOR) of expanding the business to one of the following locations; SMCHS, LuckyOne Mall, Defence E-Street or North Walk. Deliverables will be focused mainly on data-driven projects to choose possible locations in terms of marketability, branding and marketing based on Khaadi’s brand awareness, and suggestions on sustainable operations like the use of bio-degradable packaging and online delivery services. In pursuit of entrepreneurial innovation and sustainability objectives, the project aims at increasing the market entry of Kanteen by examining the consumer preferences, competitor moves, and location sites best suited to physical establishment. The study is based on the mixed-method design, in which quantitative and qualitative data will be used. The primary sources involved 200 surveys, 8 semi-structured interviews, as well as the observational studies of Kanteen branches (Tipu Sultan and Dolmen Mall Clifton) and the locations where the cafes were to be extended to. Secondary information involved economic reports, online reviews, copies of competitor analysis, which were combined with SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter’s Five Forces. This methodology allowed the overall evaluation of the market dynamics and customer insight, yet taking into consideration Ramadan timings and targeting youngsters as a sample size, which acted as limitations. The findings indicate that Kanteen does extremely well in terms of hygiene and ambiance which is further rewarded by its association with Khaadi but it has weaknesses in relation to high prices and quality of food, which lacks in comparison with competitors such as Chai Chatt and street vendors. Using survey figures (48% visitation rate, 54.8% recommendation rate) and interviews, demand was noted to be related to the need of affordable pricing, and variety of foods, with the LuckyOne Mall being the most viable expansion site because of the high footfall, and fit to the market. Among the risks listed are economic inflation, but the opportunities in the digital trends and youth cafe culture moderate the risks. Suggestions suggested are economical pricing, association with Foodpanda to deliver the food, and food on wheels to increase accessibility. It is suggested to incorporate a digital marketing plan involving collaboration with influencers and the introduction of a loyalty program. The tactics correspond to the SDGs 5, 8,9, and 12, which enhance sustainable development and innovation regarding the long-term viability of Kanteen in the Karachi F&B market
Changing Trends in Diabetes Management
No full textPakistan faces a rapidly escalating diabetes epidemic, with approximately 33 million adults currently living with diabetes — one of the highest national prevalence rates globally. This surge has created both a pressing public health challenge and a substantial commercial opportunity in diabetes management. Despite advances in pharmacological treatments and technology worldwide, Pakistan’s diabetes care landscape remains constrained by high costs, limited access to newer therapies, regulatory delays, and uneven healthcare infrastructure. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of global and Pakistani diabetes markets, identifying critical gaps in treatment adherence, affordability, and technology adoption. It incorporates primary insights from healthcare professionals on prescribing patterns and barriers faced locally. Detailed market data, including medicine pricing comparisons across major pharmaceutical companies, reveal disparities in drug availability and cost that directly influence treatment choices. Strategically, the report recommends Hoechst Pakistan Limited develop patient-centric diabetes management solutions tailored to local needs, improve accessibility to advanced medicines such as SGLT2, and invest in awareness and education campaigns. It also highlights opportunities in expanding device accessibility and fostering collaborative partnerships. Strong emphasis is placed on proactive regulatory engagement with DRAP to navigate Pakistan’s complex market and facilitate launch of new medicines. Grounded firmly in Pakistan’s socio-economic and healthcare realities, this study aims to equip Hoechst Pakistan Limited with actionable strategies to lead the diabetes care sector and improve outcomes for millions of patients
Lipton teas & infusions – LEAP strategy
No full textThis report analyzes the recent decline in sales of Lipton Teas & Infusions in Pakistan and explores strategic recommendations to revitalize the brand. Through extensive primary and secondary research, including surveys, in-depth interviews, and expert consultations, the report evaluates consumer perceptions, the effectiveness of co-branding and cross-merchandising strategies, and the feasibility of launching a Chai Chahiye Cafe. This project focuses on a comprehensive issue faced by Lipton Teas and Infusions in Pakistan: the declining sales over the last few years. Lipton is a brand almost as old as Pakistan with making its debut into the Pakistani market and winning hearts since 1948. Recently, Lipton has experienced a shift in consumer preference which has resulted in a gradual decrease in sales
Impact of exchange rate fluctuation on the performance and profitability of commercial banks of Pakistan
No full textThis paper assesses how the performance of commercial banks in Pakistan is influenced by exchange rate changes in its performance and profitability. Moreover, it examines how the policy of exchange rates, risk management, foreign investment, and bank performance indicators namely net interest income, asset quality, as well as equity, are associated with each other in the context of the shift of the jurisdiction of Pakistan on the path of the flexible exchange rate regime and the latest State Bank of Pakistan regulatory interventions. A quantitative approach is chosen with the usage of panel and time-series data of 2010-2022 in ten largest commercial banks in Pakistan. The empirical test shows that the exchange rate volatility is fairly related to parameters based on significant performance such as non-performing loans (NPLs), foreign currency exposure and stock returns. The results support the fact that effective risk management measures, regulation adaptation, and real-time data usage help in reducing the exchange rate risk and increase financial stability. This study is useful in addressing some of the gaps since the study is timely as it presents a review of the impact of exchange rate policy on the performance of commercial banks in Pakistan
A Comparative Study on the Promotion of the Textile Industry in Developing Economies
No full textThis research focuses on the divergent paths of developing the textile industry in the developing economies in an effort to identify policy and institutional reasons behind the poor performance of Pakistan in terms of resource endowments that are similar. The 135-158% increase in exports between 2014-2024 has occurred in Bangladesh and Vietnam, whereas Pakistan saw a 19% growth in export, which is a cost of $5-7 billion versus exporting other products, which is a value of opportunity considering that it is the fourth-largest cotton producer in the world and has established manufacturing capacities.
The study uses comparative case study analysis of five peer economies (Bangladesh, Vietnam, India, Turkey, and Ethiopia) to determine four general determinants of textile export success, including institutional coherence with coordinated policy, reliable infrastructure focusing on energy stability, systematic value chain upgrading of simple manufacturing to garments and design, and responsive policy frameworks to implementation feedback. The ineffective governance system, unstable energy supply (0.14/kWh compared to 0.07-0.08 in competitors) and continuous orientation on low-value yarn/fabric (63% of exports) justify the deterioration in the competitiveness of Pakistan.
The research uses mixed methods that integrate both quantitative analysis of trade data (2008-2023) and primary firm level evidence of fifteen Pakistani textile exporters in large production clusters. The quantitative evaluation of the EU GSP+ experience in Pakistan shows that preference access to the market brought about only 45 percent nominal increase in exports as compared to 110-150 percent in the experienced countries, and gains were negated by the regulations of origin, compliance costs and domestic limitation. The main outcomes of the survey show that there is three-step attenuation: 100% GSP+ awareness, 67% active use, and only 40% of seeing net benefits greater than compliance costs. Eighty seven percent of companies found energy disruptions to be a strong constraint and 93 percent of the companies found that government support of infrastructure and refunds was inadequate.
The results indicate that the preferences of trade policy cannot replace the procedure of home-building capability. The reform that Pakistan needs is at the ecosystem level: the creation of a single textile authority in the form of Pakistan Textile Development Authority, Textile Priority Zone with guaranteed competitive energy prices, a shift of garment share to 45% with a tiered incentive, the creation of a system of compliance certification, and the systematic establishment of compliance certification capacity. The study adds empirical research on the mediation role of domestic constraints on the effectiveness of trade policy and offers practical suggestions to regain the competitiveness of the Pakistani textile industry by engaging in both institutional restructuring and selective industrial modernization
A Study on Women Leadership, Culture and Islam: Female voices from Pakistan
No full textThis research seeks to investigate the experiences of female leaders, taking into account the interaction between gender, religion, and culture. Utilizing an inductive-qualitative approach, the study examines how perceptions of religion and cultural norms impact the advancement of women into leadership roles in Pakistan. The findings suggest that women leaders in Pakistan adopt an Islamic feminist perspective rather than aligning with liberal or socialist/Marxist feminist ideologies. These leaders aim to reclaim their faith from influences that are perceived as restricting their ambitions with rigid interpretations of religious texts. By consistently referencing their religion, female leaders aspire to be entrusted with leadership roles that align with their faith. This paper offers insights into how these women leaders comprehend prejudiced stereotypes and societal discrimination, elucidating their connection to patriarchal socio-cultural traditions that emphasize male dominance
Sustainable Environmental Performance in Pakistan’s Manufacturing Industry: The Strategic Role of Organizational Capabilities, Lean Practices, and Green Supply Chains
No full textPurpose
Many businesses face existential threats due to disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic, which severely impacted supply chain sustainability. This study explores the factors affecting business performance during crises, focusing on how firm capabilities influence Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Green Supply Chain Management Practices (GSCMP), and their role in achieving Sustainable Environmental Performance (SEP).
Study design/methodology/approach
A theoretical model grounded in Dynamic Capability (DC) theory was developed and tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected from 162 professionals involved in supply chain operations across various manufacturing sectors in Pakistan.
Findings
Results show that firm capabilities—such as technology, innovation, and relationship management—significantly impact the implementation of LM and GSCMP, both of which positively influence SEP. The study confirms the central role of dynamic capabilities in fostering resilience and sustainable performance during disruptive events.
Originality/value
This research uniquely integrates DC theory with LM and GSCMP in a crisis context. It adds to the literature by demonstrating how internal capabilities can drive sustainability and operational continuity in emerging economies under turbulent conditions.
Research limitations
Data variability, limited variables, cross-sectional design, and self-reported bias may restrict generalizability beyond Pakistan’s manufacturing sector and long-term insights.
Practical implications
Manufacturers should invest in dynamic capabilities to adapt to disruptions, drive sustainable practices, and ensure long-term performance.
Social implications
Enhanced supply chain sustainability supports environmental stewardship, community welfare, and industrial resilience in times of crisis
Artificial Intelligence in External Recruitment: Significance, Implications, and Issues
No full textBackground: Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now perceived as an integral part of every business function. Hence, use of AI is almost essential in the fields that are required to be linked with mass audience. Therefore, most of the studies related with the use of AI are associated with Human Resource Management (HRM) and marketing. This study is also associated with the use of AI in the recruitment function of HRM.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the uses, benefits and implications of AI in the process of external recruitment so to provide readers a detailed perspective of benefits that may benefit firm and society to create holistic significance.
Research Problem: However, it has been observed that use of AI is mainly associated with recruitment of operations staff in order to provide firm advantage in terms of cost and time. However, previous studies do not incorporate real life benefits of AI and only focused on organizational-level benefits of AI. Therefore, this study is developed through incorporating variables that are multi-disciplinary in nature.
Significance of the Study: Hence, the study is pervasive in nature that can resulted in better understanding of use of AI in process of recruitment and may also resulted in conduction of more research work and improvement in policies associated with recruitment of applicants.
Research Methodology: Population of this study is HR managers of large scale national and international companies. However, due to specific target population the data has been collected through non-proportionate quota sampling. The total sample size for the study is 125 respondents and analysis has been conducted through using SMART-PLS.
Findings: Findings of the study indicated that use of AI in the process of recruitment of operational managers in very important. The association is also valid with respect to the Asian and developing sides of the world. Hence, it is optimal to use Resource Based View as the major theory for understanding benefits of AI in the process of external recruitment
Default Risk and Stock Returns in an Emerging Market: Evidence from Pakistan (2006–2023)
No full textThis study examines whether default risk is priced in Pakistan’s equity market and explores its implications for asset pricing in emerging markets. Using monthly data for 261 non-financial firms listed on PSX from 2006 to 2023, the analysis uses fixed-effects panel regressions with firm-level default probabilities sourced from the NUS Credit Research Initiative. Control variables include firm size, valuation and profitability. This study uses default probability scores directly provided by NUS-CRI for each firm giving it a forward-looking view. The results suggest a statistically significant negative relationship between default risk and stock returns across all forecast horizons. However, the study is limited to firm-level variables and does not involve broader macroeconomic variables. These findings are opposed to traditional models like CAPM and support distress risk puzzle. The results are relevant for investors who look to understand risk mispricing in less efficient capital markets. This shows influence of market inefficiencies, investor behavior and illiquidity in the Pakistani context. The findings show that understanding of risk can help investors trust and build market efficiency in Pakistan