Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science (YJES)
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New relativistic and nonrelativistic model of diatomic molecules and fermionic particles interacting with improved modified Mobius potential in the framework of noncommutative quantum mechanics symmetries
No full textIn this study, the deformed Klein–Gordon equation, Dirac equation, and Schrödinger equations were solved with the improved the modified Mobius square potential model (IMSPM, in short) using Bopp’s shift and standard perturbation theory methods in the symmetries of extended quantum mechanics. By employing the improved approximation to the centrifugal term, the relativistic and nonrelativistic bound state energies were obtained for some selected diatomic molecules (H2, I2, CO, NO, and HCl). The relativistic shift energy ΔEtotmsp(n,α,A,B,V0,Θ,σ,χ,j,l,s,m) and the perturbative nonrelativistic corrections ΔEnrmsp(n,α,A,B,V0,Θ,σ,χ,j,l,s,m) appeared as a function of the parameters (α,A,B,V0), the parameters of noncommutativity (Θ,σ,χ), in addition to the atomic quantum numbers (n,j,l,s,m). In both relativistic and nonrelativistic problems, we show that the corrections on the spectrum energy are smaller than the main energy in the ordinary cases of RQM and NRQM. A straightforward limit of our results to ordinary quantum mechanics shows that the present result under the improved modified Mobius square potential model is consistent with what is obtained in the literature. In the new symmetries of NCQM, is not possible to get the exact analytical solutions for l=0 and l≠0 can only be solved approximately. Through this research, we came to two noteworthy results, the first is related to the deformed Klein-Gordon equation under the influence of the improved modified Mobius square potential model becomes equivalent to the Duffin-Kemmer equation for a meson with spin-s, while the second result concerns the deformed Schrödinger equation, which can now describe the state of high-energy fermionic particles similar to the Dirac equation in the literature
PARTICLE IMAGING VELOCIMETRY (PIV) TECHNIQUE: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, REVIEW
No full textIn solving engineering optimization problems; very special cases of the problems can be solved in polynomial time while, most of them are considered as hard combinatorial optimization problems NP-hard , and most of the solution algorithms for these problems are based on numerical linear and nonlinear programming methods that require substantial gradient information and usually seek to improve the solution in the neighborhood of a starting point. Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm is a global convergence guaranteed algorithms, which outperforms original PSO in search ability but has fewer parameters to control. In this paper, we propose an improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization with new beta value according to fitness values of the particles. It is shown that the improved QPSO has faster local convergence speed, resulting in better balance between the global and local searching of the algorithm, and thus generating good performance. The proposed improved QPSO, called beta damping algorithm (MQPSO) approach for engineering optimization problems with both continuous and discrete designed variables, is tested on several benchmark functions and compared with QPSO. The experiment results show the superiority of MQPSO
HEADSPACE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
No full textAn accurate analytical method was developed using headspace gas chromatography for the determination of residual solvents in metformin hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide. The residual solvent was studied with the help of gas chromatography (Shimadzu 2014 model) combined with Teledyne Tekmar headspace and GC solution software. The residual solvents were separated using DB-WAX column 30-meter-long, 0.32mm internal diameter for metformin hydrochloride and BP624 column 30-meter-long, 0.53 mm internal diameter for hydrochlorothiazide. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of dimethylacetamide, methanol and benzene were 17.00, 10.93, 0.18 and 51.92, 33.13, 0.57 ppm respectively for metformin hydrochloride and in case of hydrochlorothiazide, the values were 3.40& 1.30 ppm and 10.15 & 4.00 ppm for methanol and methyl isobutyl ketone respectively. The method was validated according to international conference on harmonization guideline in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness
DC motor control using model reference adaptive control
No full textDespite having higher maintenance costs than AC motors, DC motors had been widely employed in the industry due to their outstanding speed control capabilities. This employment increased due to the DC output of some renewable sources recently. This article introduces the speed control of DC motors using model reference adaptive control (MRAC). This control is achieved through regulating the armature voltage at different load changes. A comparison between the proposed adaptive controller and optimized PI controller using the elephant herding optimization (EHO) is presented. The PI controller parameters were optimality adjusted to minimize the integral absolute error, minimum overshoot, and minimum settling time. Computer simulations show that the suggested MRAC is preferable to a traditional optimized PI controller. In addition, the proposed controller is effective in regulating the DC motor over a broad range of operating speeds
Modified Model for the Moon Sighting and Phases
No full textThe modified moon sighting model is developed from the basic moon sighting model by adopting more phases. The preference of the new model is proved by its ability to predict extra three moon phases, first quarter, last quarter and dark moon. The modified model predicts the start date of 18 lunar months, from March 2022 to July 2023. The results of the new modified model correct the results of the basic model in 3 months, Dul-Hejjah 1443 H and Safar and Rabi-Second 1444 H. The comparisons of the new model 18 results are performed against the available results of different 3 references. The improved results of the new model are concluded by achieving the highest agreement rate of 79.2% with no single odd-result. The calendar of the modified moon sighting model is presented in a new innovative format
Morphology and Properties of Hollow Fiber Membrane Prepared Under Different Air Gap Lengths
No full textThe fabrication of hollow fibre membrane modules is affected by many spinning variables, including polymer composition, bath temperature, bore fluid ratio, fibre take-up velocity, and air gap length, resulting in varying properties. This study uses a dry-jet wet-spinning process to investigate the morphology and characteristics of PVDF hollow fibre membranes prepared at 10 cm (P10) and 20 cm (P20) air gap lengths. Polypropylene glycol was used as an additive. The dope extrusion rate, coagulation bath temperature, bore fluid ratio, and take-up velocity were set at 4 rpm, 30°C, 1.5 ml/hr, and 2 m/min, respectively. Atomic force microscopy determined the pore size distribution, roughness, and membrane thickness. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analyzed membrane morphology. Membrane performance was tested using 10 mg/L of synthetic protein solution. The results showed that the diameters of the fibers as well as the inner and outer lumens were significantly influenced by the air gap. Membrane dimensions decreased with the increased air gap distance with the outer and inner diameter by 5% at a 10 cm air gap. FESEM images verified that the thickness of the skin layer increases with the increase in air gap distance. The resulting roughness of the membrane layer was found to be dependent on the pore size of the support layer. The protein separation test achieved the best rejection of 98% using the P20 membrane. Thus, selecting an optimum air gap distance for hollow fibre membrane fabrication was discovered to be a viable strategy for improving separation performance in membrane filtration and improving solute separation in wastewater
Investigation of Layer Thickness Effects on Mechanical Properties of PLA Using FDM Additive Manufacturing
No full textThis study explores the influence of layer thickness on the mechanical properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing. By systematically varying the layer thickness (ranging from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm), the aim is to understand how these changes affect tensile strength, elasticity, and overall structural integrity of the printed components. The research employs a series of controlled experiments, utilizing standardized testing procedures to measure and analyze the mechanical performance of PLA specimens. The tensile strength of the specimens ranged from 35 MPa to 45 MPa, depending on the layer thickness, while elongation at break varied between 5% and 8%. Results indicate significant variations in mechanical properties correlating with different layer thicknesses, providing valuable insights for optimizing print parameters in FDM processes. These findings contribute to the broader knowledge base, guiding the design and manufacturing of more robust and reliable 3D-printed objects
Appraisal of community awareness of water conservation and the importance of greywater as one of the solutions to reduce water wastage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
No full textThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia depends mainly on desalinating seawater for its potable water needs due to the scarcity of natural water resources such as rainwater, rivers and lakes. With the high cost involved in the water desalination process and the state bearing a high percentage of these costs, it becomes a great necessity for the general community to be aware of the importance of water conservation. Reusing grey water in agriculture, industry, or even for potable water production has become an acceptable solution in many countries. Greywater reclamation and reuse have long been considered a favored strategy to overcome severe water scarcity in arid countries such as Saudi Arabia. However, the success of greywater reuse is highly dependent on end users accepting its consumption. This study aims to measure Saudi society\u27s awareness of the importance of water conservation and their knowledge and acceptance of the use of greywater. A comprehensive questionnaire was developed and distributed to 733 participants, of different age groups and qualifications, from different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results reveal that there is a clear lack of knowledge about water scarcity in Saudi Arabia as well as the potential use of greywater among the participants. According to the results, the majority of participants welcome the use of greywater for domestic purposes if it is economical. Finally, the paper recommends that more efforts be made to create awareness about the importance of greywater in the country and water conservat- lon. Due to the lack of detailed research on greywater reuse and the extent to which Sau- di society accepts this idea, this research becomes relevant in the present context
EXTRACTION OF THE GENERAL SOLUTION OF INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION IN GAUSSIAN ELECTRON BEAM
No full textThe fundamentals of free electron laser (FEL) theory are now well-established and can provide a sophisticated description of experiments over a wide range of parameters. While new technology is being developed for systems working from 1mm to 10nm wavelengths, the theory remains the same. In this work, the final consequences of Gaussian electron beam in FEL amplifier will be found by solving of Integro-differential equation using symbolic toolbox services in MATLAB. and the relation between several parameters will be delimit and plot in order to extracted and presented the complex relations between the FEL parameters
DEVELOPED SOFTWARE FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION OF STORAGE TANKS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
No full textCathodic protection is one of the commonly used techniques to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making the protected metal as a cathode of an electromechanical cell. The main issue of this paper is studying the cathodic protection system of storage tanks to develop a software program, which can be used in designing such a system. This developed software program won\u27t depend only on the criterion of the total required weight of the anodes, but it will also make a check on the required current for the cathodic protection system to cover the current demand for the system. This software is a general one which can be used for any cylindrical storage tank