BUE Scholar (The British University in Egypt)
Not a member yet
4435 research outputs found
Sort by
The Climate League: A Competitive Governance Model to Enhance NDC 3.0 Ambition and Delivery
No full textThe first Global Stocktake (GST) has confirmed that the world is off-track; where current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are far from sufficient to meet the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C target. Despite decades of climate negotiations, an ambition gap, implementation deficit, and climate finance shortfall continue to hinder meaningful progress; driven largely by a focus on securing commitments rather than ensuring their implementation and real-world impact. This policy paper identifies the governance gap at the heart of these failures and proposes a new framework: The Climate League. which aims to transform climate action into a dynamic competitive process by ranking countries based on standardized mitigation performance metrics. The League seeks to motivate governments to scale up ambition and delivery of NDC 3.0. At the same time, it introduces reputational pressure and eligibility restrictions for persistent underperformance. Aligned with the priorities of COP30 - including equity, accountability, and whole-of-society engagement. The Climate League presents a novel and inclusive governance model to shift global climate policy from static pledges to measurable, motivating, competitive progress
Youth and Digital Innovation for Climate Mitigation Guinea
No full textAs a Master’s student in International Relations and Diplomacy, this policy brief explores climate change mitigation in the context of the Republic of Guinea, It examines the challenges the country faces, such as deforestation, unregulated farming, and dependence on fossil fuels, while also evaluating national and international efforts toward mitigation. Drawing on the recent UNDP-supported project launched in 2024 with a budget of US$6.2 million, aimed at strengthening climate resilience in Guinea’s Forest Region, this work highlights the alignment between local development needs and global climate mitigation goals. The project seeks to restore degraded lands, increase renewable energy use, and build community-based climate awareness, serving as a model for sustainable practices in vulnerable ecosystems. Through an analysis of policies, institutional frameworks, and community participation, the brief offers concrete recommendations to enhance Guinea’s contribution to global mitigation efforts. The goal is to bridge the gap between national action and international climate commitments, especially as the country prepares for future COP negotiation
Climate Justice and Global Accountability: The Case of Sudan and Pakistan
No full textThe impact of climate change is disproportionately distributed over developing and developed countries. Developing countries are the most vulnerable since they suffer from socio-economic disparities and the dominance of agricultural sectors. Floods, droughts, and extreme weather result in casualties, displacement, and economic devastation. Developing countries have utilized COPS to address this climate injustice through global institutional frameworks. Setting the USD 100 billion annual aid for developing countries and establishing the loss and damage fund are two important achievements. However, the implementation challenge remains present. Sudan and Pakistan are two clear cases of how climate injustice can increase the vulnerability of marginalized communities. Despite their minimal emissions, both countries have been severely impacted by climate change. Furthermore, the failure of state in Sudan led to weaker climate diplomacy compared to Pakistan. This paper highlights the intersection of climate vulnerability, global accountability, and institutional framework, emphasizing the urgent need for a more efficient climate finance delivery systems. The paper concludes with policy recommendations that aim at providing financial aid and monitoring mechanisms in order to ensure that the climate injustice gap will be efficiently addressed
Circular Carbon Markets for Renewable Energy Transitions: Integrating Circular Economy Models with Carbon Trading to Accelerate Just and Equitable Renewable Energy Deployment in Emerging Economies
No full textIn the wake of the Paris Agreement ratified by 195 UN Parties in 2015 the global community committed to limiting the average temperature rise to well below 2°C, with an aspirational threshold of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Meeting this ambition requires transformative mitigation measures across all sectors, with the energy sector playing a decisive role given its substantial contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renewable energy stands at the forefront of decarbonization efforts; however, its large-scale deployment in emerging economies remains constrained by financial limitations, technological dependencies, and socio-economic disparities. This policy paper introduces the Circular Carbon Markets for Renewable Energy (CCM-RE) framework an innovative approach that merges circular economy practices with robust carbon market mechanisms. By capturing and monetizing the additional emission reductions achieved through the recycling, refurbishment, and reuse of renewable energy infrastructure, the framework not only strengthens climate mitigation outcomes but also generates dedicated revenue streams to support just, inclusive, and equitable energy transitions in regions reliant on fossil fuels
Digital Capacity Building for Climate Empowerment: Evaluating Post-COP29 Implementation and Gaps in ACE Delivery
No full textWith an emphasis on young involvement and capacity-building, this policy paper assesses the execution of digital Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE) programs after COP29. While COP29 brought promising initiatives to improve digital learning and inclusivity, such as the Youth Delegate Program and the Capacity-Building Hub, there are still significant gaps in long-term follow up, transparency, and regional participation. Although regional digital participation was launched by the Presidency Youth Climate Champion (PYCC) project, its impact is tough to evaluate due to a lack of public reporting and categorized data. Similarly, the Capacity-Building Hub did not include regional digital access or language inclusion, but it did include youth and gender-related participation indicators. Despite digital ACE delivery’s promise to improve education, transparency, and public involvement, these flaws are indicative of a larger trend of under-implementation. Establishing a digital ACE monitoring framework, instituting regional digital hubs, incorporating ACE into systems for climate transparency, creating an ACE innovation fund, and requiring public reporting on ACE initiatives are the five specific activities that this study suggests. When combined, these solutions can aid in closing the implementation gap and bringing ACE’s activities into line with the objectives of the Paris Agreement. As COP30 draws near, it is imperative that parties emphasize the implementation of digital inclusion as a fundamental component of fair and successful climate empowerment that deliver positive results towards the goals of the Paris Agreement, rather than just a supplementary measure
Development of Drawdown Time Series in A Coastal Aquifer By Complex Pumping Using Analytical Approach
No full textThe study area lies in the northeast Nile Delta along the Mediterranean coast, where growing industrial, tourism, and energy projects have sharply increased the demand for potable water. With Nile water resources limited and seawater desalination increasingly challenged by petroleum contamination, reliance on the coastal multi-layered aquifer system has become essential. This research evaluates the quantitative and qualitative impacts of groundwater extraction to ensure a sustainable supply for a planned desalination plant requiring 50,000 ± 5% m³/day of raw water over a 50-year operational life. Time series analysis, supported by analytical modelling, was applied to short- and long-term pumping data from five exploration wells and two pilot production wells. Step drawdown tests determined efficiency, specific drawdown, specific capacity, and safe yield. Constant-rate pumping tests established aquifer transmissivity (T), hydraulic conductivity (K), and storativity (S). A continuous three-month pumping test assessed long-term operational performance. These field results were used to calibrate a mathematical model simulating drawdown within both wells and the aquifer, predicting interference between overlapping cones of depression. Simulation results suggest an optimal well field configuration of ten stations, each comprising two alternating production wells (A & B) pumping 220–260 m³/hr, yielding ~5,280 m³/day per station. Station spacing of 30–55 m is recommended to evenly distribute the drawdown and minimize interference. Analytical modelling confirmed that this layout would sustainably meet project demands while maintaining aquifer drawdown below ~29 m after 50 years of operation at 52,800 m³/day. Based on salinity predictions, extracted groundwater is expected to remain between the aquifer baseline (~25,000 mg/L) and Mediterranean seawater salinity, with no significant increase observed during the pilot pumping phase
Competing Endogenous RNAs Network and Therapeutic Implications: New Horizons in Disease Research.
No full textDifferent diseases may arise from the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which regulation is necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis. ncRNAs are regulated by transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational processes. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is carried out by microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small ncRNA molecules, which can identify their target sites by a brief nucleotide sequence, known as the miRNA response element (MRE), present on the miRNA seed sequence and the target transcript. This binding between miRNAs and targets can regulate the gene expression through inhibition of translation or degradation of target messenger RNA (mRNA). The transcripts that share MREs can be involved in competition for the central miRNA pool, which could have an indirect impact on each other’s regulation. This competition network is called competing endogenous RNAs network (ceRNET). Many ncRNAs, including circular RNA, pseudogene, and long non-coding RNA, as well as mRNA, a coding RNA transcript, make up ceRNET. These components play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation and are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of many pathological disorders. The mechanism of ceRNET and its essential components, as well as their therapeutic implications in different diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic and respiratory disorders were covered in this review
The effect of Cigarette Smoking and Heated Tobacco Products on different denture materials; an in vitro study.
No full textAbstract Purpose This study compares the effect of conventional cigarette smoke versus heated tobacco on the discoloration, surface roughness, and bacterial colonization of different oral prosthesis materials. Materials and methods A total of one hundred and twenty disc-shaped samples made of four different denture base materials were prepared to represent different denture bases to assess the surface roughness and biofilm formation; group (CA): conventional heat-cured acrylic resin (Acrostone, Egypt), group (FA): flexible acrylic resin (Valplast International Corp, USA), group (TA): heat-cured acrylic resin reinforced with titanium nanoparticles (TA nanoparticles, Nanogate, Egypt), and group (PA): 3D printed acrylic resin (Nexdent, The Netherlands). Another sixty samples of artificial and 3D printed teeth were used to assess the color change: conventional ready-made acrylic resin teeth (Acrostone, Egypt) and 3D-printed acrylic resin teeth (Nexdent, The Netherlands). Each group was further divided according to the smoking method into three subgroups (n = 10): the no-smoking exposure group (C), the conventional smoking exposure group (CS), and the heated tobacco exposure group (HT). A custom-made smoking device was used to perform the experiment. Six hundred cigarettes/heets representing 30 days of medium smoking behavior (20 cigarettes/day) were used. The surface roughness of the disc-shaped samples was measured before and after the experiment using the JITAI8101 surface roughness tester (Beijing Jitai Tech Detection Device Co., Ltd, China), and the color parameters were assessed before and after the experiment using VITA Easyshade Advance 4.01 (VITA shade, VITA made, VITA). Results The results showed that both conventional cigarette smoking and heated tobacco increased the surface roughness of the denture base disc samples. This change was statistically significant in all sample groups. Bacterial accumulation was also increased in all four denture base sample groups, with the heated tobacco causing greater bacterial accumulation than conventional cigarette smoke. Regarding the color change, conventional smoking caused a more significant color change than heated tobacco for both types of teeth use
Accuracy of endodontic access guides printed by a costefficient 3D printer (An In-Vitro Study)
No full textAim: This study evaluated the precision and trueness of endodontic access guides fabricated using a cost-effective desktop LCD 3D
printer compared to a higher-cost SLA printer for guided endodontics.
Materials and methods: Thirty-two root canals from Nissin typodont teeth were divided into two groups: LCD and SLA. Virtual
planning was performed, and endodontic guides were fabricated using both 3D printing technologies. Pre-operative and postoperative
cone beam tomography (CBCT) scans were taken, and the linear deviation between the planned and actual access paths
was measured at two axial levels: the occlusal entry point and the canal orifice. Statistical analyses were conducted using independent
samples t-test at α = 0.05.
Results: At the occlusal entry point, the SLA printer demonstrated significantly higher accuracy with lower linear deviations
compared to the LCD printer (p \u3c 0.05). However, at the canal orifice level, no significant difference in deviation was observed
between the two groups. Both 3D printing technologies successfully detected all root canals without perforations, showing
comparable precision at the orifice level.
Conclusion: Although the SLA printer exhibited better accuracy at the occlusal level, the cost-effective LCD printer provided
comparable results at the orifice level. These findings suggest that LCD 3D printers are a viabl
