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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles-embedded hydrogel: A potential approach for transdermal delivery of carvedilol to pediatric population
No full textAge-appropriate drug formulations, especially for children, are often limited. A beta-blocker, Carvedilol (CRV), has recently been reported as an off-label option for the management of cardiovascular disorders in pediatric patients. CRV exhibits a pH-dependent solubility and undergoesextensive hepatic metabolism, resulting in low oral bioavailability. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of two types (MCM-41 and SBA-15) were loaded with CRV at three saturation levels to improve its dissolution rate. At high saturation level, CRV-loaded SBA-15 showed superior dissolution with a dissolution efficiency of 72.42 % and significant dissimilarity (f1 = 211.80, f2 = 16.89) compared to pure CRV, demonstrating enhanced solubility and dissolution rate due to its amorphous transformation and large pore diameter. Thermal and diffractometry analysis revealed the adsorption of CRV to MSNs in an amorphous state. CRV-loaded SBA-15 was incorporated into gel bases, and the amount of CRV released from triple-layer loaded gels was found to be higher than monolayer-loaded formulations. The ex vivo skin permeation study revealed a significant enhancement of drug release and permeation for CRV-loaded SBA-15 gel formulations (714.49 ± 38.49 µg/cm2) after 24 h, compared to the control (236.19 ± 18.93 µg/cm2), with flux increased by 62 %. Improving pediatric compliance by providing a convenient, non-invasive, and palatable drug delivery option that minimizes dosing errors and enhances treatment adherence. Our study suggests CRV-loaded SBA-15 transdermal gel as a pediatric-friendly alternative to oral delivery, addressing bitter taste, bypassing hepatic metabolism, and improving bioavailability while reducing side effects
Effect of deposition of Al2O3 as interdiffusion barrier on the microstructure and optical properties of Ti thin film
No full textIn this work, magnetron sputtered Ti and Al2O3/Ti have been investigated. Microstructure, morphology, phase identification, mechanical, and optical properties were studied. Heat treatment at 600◦ C for 2h with different cooling rates was applied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used in phase and structure identification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for microstructure and morphology investigations. Microhardness is used for mechanical properties measurements. The FTIR and spectrophotometry were used for optical characterizations. It was found that the Al2O3/Ti structure has a higher hardness value at all conditions compared to Ti. Resulted in TiO2 phases after heat treatment varying due to the cooling rate. As deposited Al2O3/Ti structure has the highest selectivity value (absorbance/emittance). Al2O3/Ti structure has a higher selectivity value at all conditions than Ti
EVALUATION OF MARGINAL GAP AND FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF DIFFERENT CAD/CAM BLOCKS FOR INDIRECT RESTORATIONS OF MUTILATED MOLAR TEETH
No full textInvestigation of Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of ECAP Processed AA7075 Through ML, ANNW, RSM, and SA Methodologies
No full textThis study employs a multi-perspective modeling approach combining Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNW), and Simulated Annealing (SA) to optimize Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) parameters for improving the mechanical and corrosion properties of AA7075 alloy. The investigation examines microstructural evolution, mechanical, and corrosion behavior under varying die angles (90˚ and 120˚), processing routes (A, Bc, C), and up to four passes. Significant grain refinement was achieved, with the average grain size reduced from 16.3 to 1.68 μm for route Bc after four passes at 90˚. Hardness nearly doubled from 92 to 177 HV under the same conditions, with routes A and C reaching 169 and 156 HV, respectively. Tensile strength increased from 283 to 352 MPa for 4Bc at 90˚, while 120˚ conditions showed slightly lower but still improved performance. Corrosion analysis revealed route-dependent behaviors, with route Bc at 90˚ reducing the corrosion rate to 0.0298 mm/year, compared to 0.0345mm/year for the as-received alloy. ML-based models achieved high predictive accuracy (R2near unity), and RSM-SA optimization closely matched experimental results. This integrated framework provides actionable insights for tailoring ECAP parameters to enhance AA7075’s properties for industrial and construction applicatio
Trimetazidine mitigates methotrexate-induced liver damage: Insights From biochemical, histological, and in silico analyses
No full textProanthocyanidin and Mitoglitazone Suppress Lipogenesis by Targeting Ferroptosis in Metabolic Dysfunction‑Associated Steatohepatitis.
No full textMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) can progress to liver cirrhosis, increasing mortality risk. The study investigates the role of ferroptosis—an inflammatory cell death mechanism—in MASH and evaluates the therapeutic effects of mitoglitazone and proanthocyanidin in targeting ferroptosis to mitigate MASH progression. Forty male albino mice were divided into five groups (n = 8): normal control (NC) fed a standard chow diet and given 2% DMSO; MASH group was maintained on MASH protocol (high fructose-high fat diet); mitoglitazone (Mito) group was kept on MASH protocol and given Mito (10 mg/kg/day); proanthocyanidin (Pro) group was kept on MASH protocol and given Pro (150 mg/kg/day); Mito + Pro co-treated group was given Mito and Pro parallel with MASH protocol, all treatments for 12 weeks. MASH induction significantly (p \u3c 0.001) increased liver weight, liver index, serum liver enzymes (ALT & AST), serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C), ferroptosis biomarkers (total iron, soluble transferrin receptor-1 (sTfR1), and expression of liver acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) with diffused macrovesicular severe steatosis, and inflammatory cells infiltration in liver tissues compared to NC. However, HDL-cholesterol, ferroptosis biomarkers (liver glutathione peroxidase X4 (GPX4), and total glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and glutathione (GSH) content) were reduced significantly (p \u3c 0.001) in MASH group compared to NC. On the other hand, Mito, Pro, and their combination significantly improved ferroptotic biomarkers (GSH, GPX4, sTFR1, and total iron and ACSL-4 gene expression), glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and histology compared to MASH group. Combining the insulin-sensitizing properties with targeting of ferroptosis, by the co-treatment with mitoglitazone (MSDC-0160) and proanthocyanidin, could be beneficial in inhibition of lipogenesis with retardation of MASH development in mice
Evaluating structure stability of self-supporting 3D printed earth-based cantilevers using robotic ARM
No full textWhile the 3D printing is increasingly being adopted in construction; earthen materials lack rigidity necessary to support complex overhanging structures during the printing process, which requires careful consideration during design and printing phases to maintain structural stability and optimize material usage. This research evaluates the structural stability of 3D-printed self-supporting cantilevers at various scales. The method involved both digital and physical testing to achieve maximum cantilever length. The digital test includes structural analysis simulation using Karamba3D plugin in Grasshopper to predict potential failure before printing. While the physical test includes using 3D printing with earth in two scales to verify the optimal cantilever design before scaling up. The small-scale tests are conducted for the catalog of geometries using a desktop 3D printer, while the large-scale test is done for the optimum stable geometry using a robotic arm. The findings reveal that the printing scale impacts structural behavior, with larger volumes resulting in critical buckling loads causing failure. Cantilever analysis offers insights into potential loads on the designs, helping to mitigate failure risks prior to printing. This demonstrates that stability at a small scale cannot be reliably extrapolated to ensure stability at a larger scale without physical material testing, digital geometry validation, and appropriate machines selection. Consequently, testing segments of the cantilever at a larger scale before on-site implementation is crucial to save time and materials. Further research is required to improve the printability of these structures to achieve greater stability under varying climatic conditions
Four-scalar model and spherically symmetric solution in f(T) theory
No full textIn this study, we explore the realization of spherically symmetric solutions in the context of modified teleparallel gravity, particularly in f(T) theory, where T denotes the torsion scalar. Traditional mimetic gravity and its extension using two scalar fields fail to reproduce general spherically symmetric spacetimes within f(T) gravity due to the requirement of a constant torsion scalar or a linear form of f(T), which restricts the theory to the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). To address this limitation, we propose a four-scalar field model that extends the two-scalar framework, allowing the construction of arbitrary spherically symmetric spacetimes. We show that this model eliminates ghost degrees of freedom through suitable constraints enforced by Lagrange multipliers. As a test of our procedure, we consider a specific form of a spherically symmetric spacetime and derive the associated four scalars, analyzing their behavior. Within the framework of a quadratic correction term, [Formula presented], our method demonstrates the ability to reconstruct physically relevant solutions with non-ghost scalar fields. These results underscore the broader applicability of scalar field models in constructing viable geometries within modified gravity theories, extending beyond the scope of standard formulations
Reactive flow dynamics of conductive Maxwell nanofluids past heated stretching surfaces with slip and thermal radiation
No full textIn this paper, we thoroughly examine the influences of slip effects and stagnation point flows in the context of an upper-convected non-Newtonian Maxwell nanofluid interacting with a stretching sheet. The existence of a heat generation, transverse magnetic field, and thermal radiation induces a flow resulting from a linearly stretched sheet. The application of the shooting method involves deriving nonlinear ordinary differential equations from the governing partial differential equations, followed by their solution. The effects of dimensionless governing parameters, including velocity ratio, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, velocity slip parameter, Lewis numbers, solutal slip parameter, Maxwell parameter, magnetic number, Eckert number, thermal slip parameter, chemical reactions parameter, and heat source parameter, are examined. The outcomes are illustrated and discussed through graphical representations, showcasing their impact on the velocity field, as well as heat and mass transfer characteristics. Tabular data are generated to display numerical values for physical parameters, including the skin-friction coefficient, local Sherwood number, and the reduced local Nusselt number. The findings suggest that an increase in the velocity slip parameter results in a reduction of both the local Sherwood number and the local Nusselt number. Furthermore, an increase in the strength of the magnetic field leads to a decrease in velocity profiles while simultaneously elevating temperature and concentration profiles
The Role of Counter Electrode in Perovskite Solar Cell on Silicon Substrate to Enhance Power Conversion Efficiency for CMOS-Compatible Applications
No full textThis study investigates the impact of various counter-electrode materials on the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated on silicon substrates. We examined four distinct configurations using fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as bare cell, copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and highly p-doped silicon wafers as counter electrodes. The results indicate that the PSCs with Cu achieved the highest short-circuit current density (JSC) of 17.11 mA/cm2, while the p-doped silicon and aluminum showed lower JSC values of 16.19 mA/cm2 and 16.51 mA/cm2, respectively. Open-circuit voltage (VOC) values remained competitive across all cells, with FTO achieving a VOC of 0.98 V. Additionally, the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) was highest for Cu at 11.98%, while p-doped silicon achieved a PCE of 11.05%. Notably, the hysteresis index was consistent across all configurations, averaging around 15% to 16%. This comprehensive analysis contributes valuable insights toward developing high-efficiency, CMOS-compatible perovskite solar cells for integration into self-powered lab-on-chip systems