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Change in the size of apical radiolucencies in adolescent’s mature maxillary incisors following retreatment with two regenerative endodontic techniques: a 12-month randomised clinical trial using volume-based cone-beam computed tomography
No full textAbstract Objectives The primary aim of this randomised clinical trial was to compare the one year clinical and radiographic outcome of mature permanent central incisors with periapical radiolucencies in adolescents after root canal retreatment using two regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) with revitalization using induced blood clot formation (BC) or platelet-rich f ibrin (PRF) evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The secondary aim was to assess the responses of the teeth to thermal and electric pulp tests. Materials and methods Fifty-four root filled maxillary central incisors with post-treatment endodontic disease and peri apical radiolucencies in 48 adolescents were allocated into two groups (n = 27) using permuted block randomisation. The teeth in one group were root canal retreated with induced BC formation and teeth in the other with PRF. At baseline and at one year, teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically using periapical radiographs and CBCT scans. Changes in the maximum diameter and volume of the periapical lesions were assessed and pulp sensibility was assessed at one year using thermal and electrical tests. Differences in lesion diameter and volume between the two groups were tested using the Mann–Whitney U test. A linear regression model explored the relationship between independent variables and lesion size. The significant level was set at 5%. Results Reduction in periapical lesion size in the BC and PRF techniques occurred in 85% and 100% of teeth, respectively, with no significant difference. In the BC group, the mean lesion volume diminished from 0.33 ± 0.18 cm3 to 0.13 ± 0.20 cm3, while the mean volume of lesions in the PRF group decreased from 0.27 ± 0.16 cm3 to 0.04 ± 0.06 cm3 with no significant difference between the groups (P \u3e 0.05). Significantly more teeth responded positively to thermal (P = 0.028) and electric (P = 0.032) tests in the PRF group compared to the BC group. Conclusions REPs using BC or PRF techniques when retreating root canal-treated mature permanent central incisors in adolescents with apical radiolucencies had comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes one year following treatment associated with significantly more positive responses to thermal and electric pulp tests in the PRF group. Clinical relevance Retreatment of mature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis using regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) is a new and promising approach. REPs with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and revascularization techniques provided high and comparable clinical and radiographic success rates
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Plant Extract-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Advanced Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review
No full textMeta-kaolinite metal oxide quaternary composite for layered double hydroxide applied to a new frontier in adsorption technology: Synthesis, adsorption performance and kinetics study
No full textMulti-Objective Monitoring of CVD Diamond Micro-Grinding Tools Using Acoustic Emission and Force Signals with Neural Network Optimization
No full textMicro-grinding has been widely used in aerospace and other industry, and its application was mainly the asymmetric microstructure. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond has drawn attention for its good wear resistance. However, the small diameter and high spindle speed may cause difficulties on the monitoring of the micro-grinding processes. In order to solve the mentioned problem, a novel multi-objective monitoring method of structured CVD diamond micro-grinding tool based on acoustic emission (AE) and force signals is presented in this study to achieve the high efficiency of the tool condition and grinding quality. The relationship between the grinding quality, tool condition, acoustic emission and grinding force signals is found through time, frequency and time–frequency domain analyze. Then, a predication method of the coating delamination is treated. Next, a multi-objective monitoring with Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) model is established to predict the tool condition, edge chipping size and surface roughness simultaneously. Finally, the multi-objective FCNN model has improved the overall accuracy of the tool condition from 64.2% to 95% after optimization, the error of the prediction of surface roughness is less than 5% and that of the edge chipping size is less than 15%, and the prediction time has been reduced 55%. The usage of the combination of AE and grinding force signals could improve the prediction accuracy with 10%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2025
Facilitate Sustainable Architecture Through Computational Integration: A Three-Phase Framework
No full textComputational integration in sustainable architecture involves the use of advanced technologies to create efficient, user-friendly, and eco-friendly designs. It represents a significant advancement in the field of architecture, offering the potential for more sustainable building practices. The paper systematically integrates and enhances knowledge across multiple dimensions of sustainable architecture, focusing on energy efficiency and reducing material waste from the early stages of an architect\u27s learning process. The aim is to equip architects with the necessary skills to effectively integrate parametric and computational tools to meet sustainable building requirements and achieve greater construction efficiency. The paper then introduces a novel three-phase framework for computational integration in sustainable architecture. It addresses the challenges faced by architects in computational integration, from the uncertainty of selecting the proper computational tool to adopting optimization tools for prefabrication and production. The first phase, the Smart Learning Design Studio, Custom programmed algorithms are used to enhance the learning process in architectural education. The second phase emphasizes the enhancement of design process efficiency through the application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies. The third phase involves the utilization of automated systems for prefabrication and construction. A theoretical analysis of the proposed framework is conducted, examining the potential benefits and challenges of each phase and their contribution to sustainable architecture. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the proposed framework for sustainable architecture. The paper offers a comprehensive and systematic approach to understanding the role of computational integration in sustainable architectur
Climate Change Resilience in Historic Cairo: Risk Management Strategies for Built Cultural Heritage Preservation
No full textAs the globe grapples with the profound consequences of climate change, its impact on built cultural heritage has emerged as a critical concern. Rising global temperature and unpredictable weather patterns threaten the integrity of historical sites, consequently, jeopardizing our collective identity and historical narratives. This paper focuses on Historic Cairo, Egypt identifying the risks associated with climate change based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 outlined by the IPCC. The study aims to develop risk response resilience strategies to provide a comprehensive treatment plan for the impacts of the climate change risks affecting Historic Cairo. The research methodology comprises two main phases: a theoretical phase involving a literature review on climate change-associated risks and their impacts on built cultural heritage and an analytical phase involving an expert survey questionnaire targeting heritage management stakeholders. The data collected revealed that key stressors such as the mean air temperature, extreme heat, relative humidity, changes in soil chemistry, and fire weather exhibit critical challenges requiring urgent mitigation efforts and attention. Moreover, the historic associative value, along with the architectural, aesthetic, and artistic values demonstrated significant vulnerability. Hence, these values were assigned extremely high to high-risk priority levels necessitating proactive measures to mitigate the identified risks. In contrast, precipitation and rainfall were deemed to have low-risk priority levels on the heritage communal, urban, and historic values. Consequently, the risk response strategies were developed to effectively mitigate these challenges. This research contributes to the ongoing global and local efforts to enhance resilience in built heritage management. Additionally, it aligns with the sustainable development goal (SDGs goals 13 and 11) which emphasized the need for cultural built heritage protection and addressing vulnerabilities against climate change impacts with a specific application in the Egyptian heritage context
Prototyping and real-time PID control of a 5 DOF hybrid robotic-assisted system for neurosurgery
No full textNeurosurgical interventions require high accuracy due to the brain’s intricate structure. Although robotic devices have improved accuracy in neurosurgery, attaining submillimeter precision and adaptability poses challenges. This study introduces a five-degree-of-freedom (DoF) hybrid robotic system that makes craniotomy and stereotactic procedures more reliable. The design has two remote centre of motion (RCM) mechanisms: a 3-DoF main mechanism for aligning the tool and a 2-DoF compensating mechanism for moving the skull surface. Real-time joint control is guaranteed by a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control method that was validated through MATLAB/Simulink hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing. The results of the experiments show that the maximum absolute error in trajectory tracking is 1.32 mm at the primary mechanism and 1° at the compensatory mechanism. The obtained results demonstrate proof of concept and confirm the design’s functional validity. The system’s performance confirms its capability to improve neurosurgical precision while mitigating the spatial and stiffness constraints of current platforms
Development of a Flexure Based Mechanism forRobotic Micro-Surgical Applications
No full textTraditional robot-assisted surgery, which relies onconventional mechanical mechanisms, has certain drawbacks,including friction, backlash, and the need for lubricants. Incontrast, compliant mechanisms utilizing flexure joints can achievethe desired motion while minimizing the disadvantages associatedwith movable joints. This research introduces a novel approach toaddress the issues prevalent in robot-assisted surgery. Our deviceincorporates flexure joints to enhance movement and eliminatecomplications posed by traditional movable joints. The primaryfocus of this study is on designing, analyzing, and validatinga flexible remote center-of-motion (RCM) mechanism intendedfor robot-assisted surgery. SolidWorks was used for modeling ofthe proposed mechanism with different configurations of jointsarrangement, and finite element analysis (FEA) was performedusing ANSYS to evaluate and compare different design iterationsin terms of RCM point drift in X and Y axis. Experimental Resultsshow that the optimized design keeps the RCM point drift withinacceptable microsurgical limits, with measured displacements of1.02mmalong the x-axis and 2.07mmalong the y-axis. Theseresults highlight the potential of compliant mechanism to improvethe accuracy and safety of robot-assisted microsurgical proceduresand point to a significant improvement over current mechanism
ZnCo(2−x)CexO4, (x=0-1.0 wt%): optimized structural, morphological, dielectric, and magnetic properties for humidity sensing applications
No full textBio-Waste to Bioenergy: Critical Assessment of Sustainable Energy Supply Chain in Egypt
No full textThis study analyses the potential electricity output from different bio wastes using various energy conversion technologies to enhance the share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it evaluates the carbon emissions mitigated by replacing fossil fuels with bioenergy, contributing to efforts to reduce environmental pollution. The findings reveal that Egypt’s annual biomass waste (BW) could total approximately 80 million tons, with the most significant contributions from agricultural crop residues and municipal solid waste (MSW). MSW incineration and crop residue combustion were found to have the highest power generation compared to other techniques. Additionally, the anaerobic digestion of various biomass types offers the benefits of lower greenhouse gas emissions while still generating significant energy. The electricity generation from different BW sources is approximately 49.14 TWh/year. This energy can be predominantly generated through direct combustion of agricultural crop residues (66%), incineration of MSW (29%), anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge (3%), and animal waste (2%). Furthermore, the reduction in carbon emissions from substituting fossil fuels with bioenergy is estimated at up to 30.47 million tons of CO2 annually, supporting efforts to mitigate climate change and combat global warming