PINES (Bemidji State University)
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Influence of Depth and Retrieval Speed on Yellow Perch Barotrauma Recovery Time in Winter
No full textPhysoclistous fish are often affected by barotrauma because the swim bladder is not connected to the esophagus. Barotrauma is increasingly being used in assessing mortality in fish brought from deep water. Barotrauma is the physical damage that occurs because of the over inflation of the gas bladder resulting from a rapid decrease in ambient pressure. The two important factors influencing barotrauma effects are water depth and decompression. In this study, two experiments were conducted on yellow perch (Perca flavescens) at three depth locations on Grace Lake, Bemidji, Minnesota. Fish were measured for barotrauma recovery time (s) following capture by hook and line. Barotrauma recovery time was considered as the time for the individual to swim below the ice. Over the course of the study 88% of the individuals recovered in less than 3 seconds at 3.0 m, 72% at 4.5 m, and 37% at 6.0 m. Barotrauma recover time differed significantly by depth (p-value \u3c 0.01). In contrast, the recovery time at the two retrieval speeds were similar (p-value = 0.86). This study will help further understand how freshwater physoclistous fish are affected by barotrauma, even at shallow depth
Underground Religion: Catholicism and Shakespeare
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program
Earthworm Remyelination Gene Expression Analysis
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program
Facebook: A Marketing Tool for Small Business
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program
Effects of River Current Inflow on Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature of Refuge Zones for Cisco in Lake Bemidji
No full textThe objectives of this study were to (1) determine if the inflow current from the Mississippi River affects temperature and dissolved oxygen in Lake Bemidji, (2) determine how the amount of suitable cisco Coregonus artedi habitat changes over the summer in Lake Bemidji, and (3) predict how much cisco habitat would be available under a climate warming scenario. Summer fish kill of cisco occurs in most years on Lake Bemidji resulting from low dissolved oxygen in the hypolimnion and high water temperatures in the epilimnion. Dissolved oxygen and temperature profiles provided evidence to suggest the north basin is more suitable for cisco than the south basin containing the Mississippi river inlet. Throughout the sampling period, on average 52.73% of the north basin cross section was suitable for cisco compared to 40.91% of the south basin cross section. An increase in water temperature of 1°C for the climate warming simulation lowered the average percentage of suitable habitat for cisco in the north and south basin cross sections to 22.73% and 22.73%, respectively. The Mississippi River increased water temperatures between 1.5 to 2.5°C near the inlet and outlet. This increase in water temperature decreased the dissolved oxygen concentrations between 1 to 2 mg·L-1 near the inlet and outlet of the south basin
Tree Height and Diameter Relationships of White Pine and Tree Fall Patterns of Red Pine in Northern Minnesota
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program
Juvenile Diversion Programs: High-Risk Youth and Their Effect on Offense Targeting
No full textOne of the largest problems that plague the juvenile justice system today is how to better handle juvenile crime without causing the juvenile to revert back to that behavior, but still helping them understand and acknowledge the crime they have committed. The state of Minnesota has created juvenile diversion programs as an attempt to aid in that endeavor. These programs however are under researched. The goal of this article is to shed some light on what those programs look like and how some counties programs vary from other programs on other counties; specifically focusing on the variation between offense-targeting for high-risk youth. This study uses county level data collected from the Minnesota Department of Public Safety and the American Community Survey to answer the following question: Do programs with more high-risk youth target more severe crimes? Findings suggest that there is a significant correlation between high risk youth and diversion programs which target more severe crimes
The Relationship Between Media Consumption and Public Opinion, Using the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as a Case Study
No full textIn October of 2013, the federal government went into a partial shutdown. The cause of this shutdown was the polarized debate over the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), or Obamacare. The polarization of this policy did not stop at the elite level; the public has been by-and-large divided on the law as well. This division of the public may have been created by the large and diverse coverage over the policy. There are multiple approaches to determine how the media impacts public opinion. I attempt to find what has been the primary influence on the public attitude toward Obamacare. I hypothesize that news information is framed in such a way as to promote a specific agenda and that frame is different depending on the news media used. These varying frames should play a significant role in determining how the public thinks about Obamacare. I use data from the Kaiser Family Foundation health tracking polls of August and September of 2013. My results show that there is a significant relationship between news source and opinion towards Obamacare. These findings support the theory that framing plays a part in opinion making
The Effect of Barometric Pressure on Feeding Activity of Yellow Perch
No full textThis is the first study to our knowledge that has attempted to relate feeding activity of fish to barometric pressure. This study was conducted with the expectation that a difference in food ingestion would occur in a game fish species at different barometric pressures. The overall objective of this study is to determine if barometric pressure influences the feeding activity of a popular game fish. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were collected by seine and trap net from Lake Bemidji 12 September through 24 October 2013. The range in size and weight of yellow perch used for this study were between 75 – 125 mm and 4 – 20 g. Over the course of 3 months 12 trials were conducted; 5 at rising pressure, 5 at falling pressure, and 2 at a constant or steady pressure. Barometric pressure did not have a significant influence on how much yellow perch ate (R2 = 0.38, P = 0.55). However, a gradual increase in fish consumption was found throughout the duration of the study indicating that acclimation to laboratory conditions was influencing fish consumption rates (R2 = 0.50, P = 0.01). Future studies attempting to relate barometric pressure to feeding activity should keep acclimation length constant
The Effects of Angling Pressure on Northern Pike Size Structure
No full textA number of conditions within a lake system can affect northern pike (Esox lucius) size structure. Of these conditions, the amount of angling pressure may have the biggest effect on the size structure of northern pike in Minnesota lake systems. In this study, five private and five public lakes were chosen near Bemidji, Minnesota. Each lake was fished for twenty angling hours using live northern hog suckers (Hypentelium nigricans) or golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas). Total length (mm) and weight (kg) were measured for each northern pike caught. The number of fish houses that were on the lake during each angling event was used as an estimate of angling pressure. In private lakes northern pike had higher densities in the 500, 600, 800 mm class sizes. Between public and private lakes there was a significant difference in average ice house density (p-value = 0.004) but not in average mean of northern pike length (p-value = 0.27)