PINES (Bemidji State University)
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An Analysis of the Aristocratic Material Culture Described in the Old English Epic Beowulf
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program
The Impact of Math Anxiety in the Primary Grades
No full textMath anxiety is an increasingly common occurrence among individuals when working with mathematical concepts. While researching math anxiety the author came across common gender stereotypes implying: women do not perform as well as men in the field of mathematics, women experience a much higher level of math anxiety than men, and most women do not appreciate performing mathematical tasks. Although the concept of math anxiety is an interesting topic to the author, it\u27s important to look deeper than simply the question, “What is math anxiety?” Seeing these stereotypical assumptions that women have higher math anxiety levels, it made this author wonder, when does this math anxiety start? What impact does math anxiety have in the primary grades? Are there trends among girls and boys? What evidence is there? Using this main question and sub-questions as lenses to analyze a variety of case studies, it is important to verify that researched articles are not just those of opinion, but conclusions based on data and documented proof when comparing math anxiety levels between males and females in the primary grades. The author also made a point to examine contradicting resources to keep an open mind when comparing credible resources while creating a high quality research report
The Impact of Parental Tough Love on Children
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program
Using Wild I.D. as a Reliable Source for Mark and Recapture Studies on Northern Pike (Esox lucius)
No full textMark and recapture studies are a very popular method fisheries biologists use to assess certain fish populations in lakes. This process can be very labor intensive and expensive. Wild I.D. is free software developed by Dartmouth College that uses SIFT program to find unique features in photographs. Initially developed for identification of African land mammals the program gives each photo a score and percent match to other photos. Northern pike were used in this study to determine if the program can recognize simulated recapture events. Photos of sample fish were taken at two separate locations, the photos were then copied and cropped four different ways: Original Full, Original Middle, Negative Full, and Negative Middle. The program had a median percent match of 0.84, 0.85, 0.84, and 0.87, respectively. A KruskalWallis test was ran and a non-significant difference was found between the four sample groups (p-value = 0.90). For all 120 of our trials we found that the simulated recapture was the program’s top rated choice for being the best possible match. That gave the program a 100% success rating in choosing the recaptured fish. We are unaware if the software is able to identify a fish once the markings get distorted as the fish grows. Future studies will need to determine if there is any cause for concern about this possibility
Juvenile Chinook Salmon Diet in Comparison to Invertebrate Drift in the Merced River, California
No full textDiets and habitat types of salmonids have been widely studied in disturbed streams and rivers. The Merced River in California has a long history of flooding, damming, levee failures, and channel reconstruction events that has disrupted the aquatic ecosystem. This 30 day study was conducted in the Robinson Reach of the Merced River using juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawtscha). The objectives were to try and understand if juvenile Chinook salmon were selecting certain invertebrate species, determine if there were any differences in diets between habitat types, and determine whether diets and drift samples were different. Diets consisted of three major invertebrate families: Hydropyschidae, Baetidae, and Culicidae. Family Hydropyschidae was the most common composing of 35.9% of all salmonid diets at the time of the study. When comparing diets between habitat types, there was not enough evidence to suggest a significant difference between reference and artificial structure types (p = 0.77). Previous studies suggest that Chinook salmon diets closely resemble drift samples. However, our data provides evidence to suggest that diets and drift samples are different with family Hydropsychidae occurring mainly in diets. One hypothesis for this occurrence could be linked to the drift tolerance of certain invertebrate families like Hydropsychidae
Effects of Cooler Northern Waters on Growth Rates in Bluegill and Pumpkinseed Sunfish
No full textThe Centrarchidae family range spans all across the United States making them a favorite target for many recreational anglers. In northern Minnesota, most water bodies do not reach optimal growth temperatures for the sunfishes, putting them right on the edge of their suitable range and potentially slowing overall growth. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to 1) determine if sunfish growth rates respond to the severity of winter and 2) investigate growth differences between two sunfish species. Growth rates of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) were estimated from Big Sugar Bush Lake, MN, by backcalculating length at age from scale samples obtained by angling fish throughout the summer of 2014. Scales were measured and aged in lab; all fish lengths were backcalculated to age-1 and age-2. Growth from age-1 to age-2 ranged from 10.6 to 30.9 mm. The average growth for all species was 19.3 mm. There was evidence to suggest growth of all species increased with an earlier ice out date and decreased when ice persisting longer into the spring (p-value = 0.03, R2 = 0.77)
Spatial and Temporal Factors Influencing Northern Pike Fry Density Estimates
No full textThe Tamarac River in northern Minnesota is an important spawning site for northern pike (Esox lucius) in the Red Lake system. However, little is known about fry production in the river. This study investigates migration densities and spatial and temporal factors influencing northern pike fry density estimates. Northern pike fry were collected with drift nets between 28 May and 4 June 2014. Thirty northern pike fry were randomly selected to have total length measured from each sample. Northern pike fry were observed in the first sample day. Northern pike fry density maxima occurred on 29 May at midnight (3.81 fish/m³), by 4 June fry migration had nearly subsided. Multiple regression modeling with Program R was implemented to investigate the relationship between fish density and abiotic factors. Akaike\u27s Information Criterion was used to select the best supported model. There was enough evidence to suggest time of day (p \u3c 0.001, F = 64.09), date (p \u3c 0.001, F = 113.64) and location within the river (p \u3c 0.001, F = 11.96) were significant factors affecting northern pike fry density within the Tamarac River. The average length of northern pike fry increased 1.12 mm (1.05-1.20 95% CI) per day throughout the study (p \u3c 0.001, R² = 0.46, df = 939)
Bones of the Soup An Exploration of J.R.R. Tolkien\u27s Methodology
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program
Digital Dreams: A Study of Consumer Gaming Habits Among College Students
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program
Empty Promises and Other Coping Mechanisms
No full textCapstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program