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Phenomenal consciousness and the future of psychiatry. Part II
No full textThe second part of the article explores a number of contemporary theories of consciousness, including those that are (1) close to identity theory, (2) functionalist, and (3) theories that take into account the qualities of phenomenal experience. It raises the question of whether these theories can serve as a methodological foundation for psychopathology. Modern theories of consciousness are based on different conceptual assumptions about the problem of subjective experience. As a result, research programs on consciousness and the brain vary greatly and are often incompatible with each other. Each theory explicitly or implicitly addresses mental disorders and proposes different perspectives on their understanding and treatment. Given the multitude of theoretical approaches proposed by these modern theories and the absence of a unified perspective in psychiatry, it is necessary to clarify attitudes toward phenomenal consciousness when addressing non-standard clinical issues and interpreting data from neurobiological studies. This article also discusses possible future directions for psychopathology based on issues related to phenomenal consciousness
Biomechanical synthesis of H.R. Giger as a metaphor of technological metamorphosis (in Russian) // Биомеханический синтез Х.Р. Гигера как метафора технологических метаморфоз
No full textthe author conducts an interdisciplinary analysis of Swiss artist Hans Rudolf ‘Rudy’ Giger’swork which considers his art through the prism of technological transformations of human nature. The studyapplies a peculiar methodological approach to understanding the ontological metamorphoses occurring in thecontext of the technologicalisation of modern society, including, in particular, hermeneutics, psychoanalysisand anthropology. At the same time, the author interprets Giger’s artworks as a visual philosophy reflectingcollective fears and traumatic scenarios of human fusion with technological systems. Special attention is paid to the concept of metaparasitism and the transformation of human identity in the conditions of technologicalprogress. The study allows the author to conclude that Giger’s work is the result of comprehension of theprocesses of technologisation of human nature, and is a kind of prediction of the ontological shift caused bythese phenomena. Despite the predominantly pessimistic nature of Giger’s work, the artist’s heritage can beconsidered as a unique and promising methodological tool for comprehending modern transformations. // в статье проводится интердисциплинарный анализ творчества швейцарского художника Ханса Рудольфа «Руди» Гигера, в рамках которого его творчество рассматривается через призмутехнологических трансформаций человеческой природы. В исследовании применен своеобразный методологический подход к осмыслению онтологических метаморфоз, происходящих в контексте технологизации современного общества, включающий, в частности, герменевтику, психоанализ и антропологию. Вместе с этим автор интерпретирует работы Гигера как визуальную философию, отражающуюколлективные страхи и травматические сценарии слияния человека с технологическими системами.Отдельное внимание уделяется концепции метапаразитизма и трансформации человеческой идентичности в условиях технологического прогресса. Проведенное исследование позволяет автору сделатьвывод, что творчество Гигера выступает результатом осмысления процессов технологизации человеческой природы и является своего рода предсказанием онтологического сдвига, обусловленного этими явлениями. Несмотря на преимущественно пессимистичный характер творчества Гигера, наследиехудожника может быть рассмотрено как уникальный и перспективный методологический инструментдля осмысления современных трансформаци
Numerical Simulation of Weather-Strip Wrinkle
No full textThe automotive door system's weather-strip seals play a crucial role in determining the degree of door
closure, sealing the passenger cabin from water, and reducing wind noise inside the vehicle. Wrinkles often occur when
installing weather-strips on door surfaces with bent or twisted profiles, affecting both the closure tightness and the
noise insulation properties of the car door system. This study characterizes the wrinkling of Ethylene Propylene Diene
Monomer (EPDM) automotive weather-strip seals during bending and identifies critical conditions for wrinkle
formation. The hyper elastic behaviour of the seal's EPDM sponge and dense EPDM rubber was modeled using the
Foam and Mooney-Rivlin models, respectively. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model of the automotive weather
strip seal was then developed and analysed using the linear FEA software Abaqus to determine the deformation and
thickness reduction in areas prone to wrinkling. Finally, the critical criteria for wrinkle formation were determined
through reaction force analysis in these areas. The proposed analytical method significantly reduces the product design
cycle and cuts down on design and prototype cost
Consciousness is Sublime
No full textDoes consciousness have non-instrumental aesthetic value? This paper answers this question affirmatively by arguing that consciousness is sublime. The argument consists of three premises. (1) An awe experience of an object provides prima facie justification to believe that the object is sublime. (2) I have an awe experience about consciousness through introspecting three features of consciousness, namely the mystery of consciousness, the connection between consciousness and well-being, and the phenomenological complexity of consciousness. (3) There is no good defeater of the justificatory force of my feeling of awe for the sublimity of consciousness. To defend the third premise, I argue against two potential defeaters: The first is that most people do not regard consciousness as sublime. The second is that there does not seem to be physical properties that can ground the sublimity of consciousness. I conclude by emphasizing an important ethical implication of the thesis that consciousness is sublime, namely that it explains why even conscious subjects who cannot have valenced experiences deserve moral consideration
Causation, Norms, and Cognitive Bias
No full textExtant research has shown that ordinary causal judgments are sensitive to normative factors. For instance, agents who violate a norm are standardly deemed more causal than norm-conforming agents in identical situations. In this paper, we explore two competing explanations for the Norm Effect: the Responsibility View and the Bias View. According to the former, the Norm Effect arises because ordinary causal judgment is intimately intertwined with moral responsibility. According to the alternative view, the Norm Effect is the result of a blame-driven bias. In a series of five preregistered experiments (N = 2688), we present evidence that predominantly favours the Bias View. In particular, and against predictions made by the Responsibility View, we show that participants deem agents who violate nonpertinent or silly norms – norms that do not relate to the outcome at hand – as more causal, and that this effect cannot be explained in terms of plausible mediators such as the agent’s foreknowledge and desire, or the foreseeability of harm. We close with a discussion regarding the implications of these findings, in as regards the just assessment of proximate cause in the law
Wronging in believing
No full textWhat is it for a _belief_ to wrong someone? Views that have largely shaped the recent literature on doxastic wronging maintain that beliefs that wrong do so in virtue of _what_ is believed. This paper offers some criticisms of these views, as well as a contractualist alternative. On the view I defend here, beliefs can wrong when they stem from inferences licensed by principles to which others would have sufficiently weighty objections. Doxastic wronging, on this account, is not (or is not entirely) a matter of having beliefs with certain kinds of objectionable representational content, but rather a matter of our being unable to _morally justify_ our beliefs to others
Qu’est-ce que l’épistémologie métascientifique ?
No full textL’épistémologie métascientifique se distingue des épistémologies philosophiques par ses objectifs, ses objets et ses méthodes. Par un examen de l’épistémologie de Mario Bunge, nous montrerons d’abord que le principal objectif de l’épistémologie métascientifique est l’élaboration d’une représentation unifiée des transformations épistémiques de la connaissance scientifique par l’étude des opérations épistémiques nécessaires à son acquisition, sa création et sa valida-tion, puis, en second lieu, que ses objets d’étude sont des construits scienti-fiques, et finalement que ses méthodes ne diffèrent pas de celles qu’on s’attend à trouver dans toute activité rationnelle. L’épistémologie métascientifique n’est donc pas transcendante puisqu’elle tient pour acquis que les sciences étudient des objets concrets à l’aide de facultés naturelles, qu’elle-même étudie les cons-truits scientifiques à l’aide de facultés naturelles, et que, par conséquent, elle n’a pas recours à des facultés ou à des méthodes spéciales pour mener à bien ses recherches
Effectiveness of Multimedia Integration on the Academic Performance in Grade 10 English
No full textThis study examined the effectiveness of multimedia integration in enhancing the academic performance of Grade 10
students in English at Cabancalan National High School, Mandaue City, during the 2024–2025 school year. Based on
Robert Lengel's Media Richness Theory and Noam Chomsky's Competence Theory, a quantitative quasi-experimental
design with a pre-test–post-test approach was employed to assess students' mastery of key competencies, including
interpreting information from oral texts, understanding textual aids, and analyzing expanded word definitions. Various
multimedia tools, including videos, interactive games, audio-visual presentations, and web-based platforms, were
incorporated into classroom instruction over a six-week period. The findings revealed that multimedia-based learning
significantly enhanced student engagement, comprehension, and overall performance, creating a more dynamic and
interactive classroom environment. Students also reported positive experiences with multimedia, noting improvements
in collaboration, critical thinking, ease of use, and satisfaction with the learning process. These results highlight the
potential of multimedia integration as a powerful pedagogical strategy for enhancing English instruction and
cultivating 21st-century skills within the Philippine education system
Sócrates, uma vítima do fundamentalismo religioso? A condenação da Arte de Pensar Criticamente
No full textSócrates, uma vítima do fundamentalismo religioso? A condenação da Arte de Pensar Criticamente / Socrates, a victim of religious fundamentalism? The Condemnation of the Art of Critical Thinking / Sócrates, ¿víctima del fundamentalismo religioso? La condena del arte del pensamiento crítico. / Muito ainda se investiga, estuda, especula e se discute sobre os inúmeros motivos da condenação e morte de Sócrates. Os três ‘grandes crimes’ que o levaram a condenação e morte são apresentados e detalhados por inúmeros autores, após a sua morte. Entretanto, as fontes mais próximas e supostamente confiáveis, mais especificamente, são as obras Apologia de Platão e as Memoráveis de Xenofonte, ambos discípulos do filósofo, o moscão de Atenas. O presente trabalho se debruça nas exposições das referidas obras dos dois discípulos e tenta fazer o esforço de verificar a questão e relação religiosa, judicial, criminal e política que levaram o mestre e filósofo a morte. Desse modo, percebemos que política, justiça e religião conduziam todo o processo contra Sócrates, bem como sua execução ou morte. A religião e a política estão introduzidas do início ao fim de sua condenação. Talvez instrumentos políticos e de manutenção de poder, domínio e manipulação de massas. Porém, também podemos observar que através dos registros e reflexões sobre ele, registros fornecidos por Xenofonte e Platão, é possível perceber que o processo e condenação contra Sócrates poderia se voltar contra seus acusadores, uma vez que, ao perseguir e atacar o moscão ateniense ‘introduzido na cidade pelos deuses, e com missão específica,’ tais perseguidores e acusadores estariam indo contra os próprios deuses. Ou seja, Xenofonte e Platão nos fornecem elementos para pressupor que ao acusarem Sócrates pelos três crimes, na verdade os próprios acusadores é quem estariam cometendo desde o início do processo ao fim do mesmo. Com isso, podemos dizer que há uma justiça parcial, bem como a judicialização da política, da religião e da filosofia, e também a manifestação de um fundamentalismo religioso, intolerante e preconceituoso, o qual ataca a quem pensa fora do dogmatismo e “dos muros da cidade.” Através e por meio da revisão da literatura podemos observar Sócrates, uma vítima do fundamentalismo religioso, da intolerância e da judicialização da política, da religião e da filosofia: a condenação da arte de pensar criticamente. Investigações, abordagens, perspectivas e contribuições pela e para a Historiografia, Antropologia, Filosofia, Sociologia e Psicanálise: a Filosofia, Historiografia, suas produções e escritas sob novos olhares, análises e ou exercícios exegéticos. Palavras-chave: Cultura; Religião; Política; Sociedade; Educação; Crime; Judicializações exacerbadas e descontroladas