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Le legs twardowskien d'une ontologie épistémique
No full textIn this article, we reassess Twardowski's scientific legacy on the basis of an ontological analysis of his theory of conceptual representation and judgement that breaks with commonly established analyses. In 1903, in his 'The Essence of Concepts', Twardowski posits the concept as part of acts of ‘non-intuitive’ representations. We attribute to the concept the role of bringing to consciousness an object endowed with properties, enabling the subject to think about an arbitrary object. The existence of this immanent thought object, coupled with the fact that the concept is also an object of representation, leads us to bring to light a coherent set of notions concerning judgement, namely that of represented judgement and that of carried judgement. Among the objects thought about, we specify the nature of the affair, distinct from the thing, conferring on the subject a knowledge of evolutions in the world. Finally, to fully characterize Twardowski's ontological psychologism, we mention the nature of the social construct that he attributes to the thought object
Trump II - Bukele: Máximos Responsables Del Delito de Tráfico de Migrantes
No full textEstamos en presencia de un par de presidentes que están perpetrando el delito trasnacional de tráfico ilegal de personas con fines de someterlos a explotación laboral, servidumbre y/o esclavitud penitenciaria en la nueva Colonia Penitenciaria en que Bukele está convirtiendo al Estado de El Salvador
Introduction to Impossible Probability, Statistics of Probability or Probabilistic Statistics. VOL 3
No full textIntroduction to Impossible Probability, Statistics of Probability or Probabilistic Statistics is one of those works in which a deep bond between mathematics and philosophy can be found. It always asks about the ultimate purpose of science, wrapped in a veil of uncertainty and relativity
Conceptual Disagreements in the Psychology of Memory: Reverse Engineering“Autobiographical Memory”
No full textPhilosophical work is usually dependent on mutual conceptual understanding. However, it is common to have disagreements about the precise meaning of certain concepts. Therefore, philosophical work on the clarification of concepts can be useful to avoid terminological confusion. Here I intend to give a first step in the direction of a clarification of the concept of “autobiographical memory” by utilizing the method of “reverse engineering” or “conceptual genealogy” (Thomasson, 2020). This method reveals that there is a disagreement in the psychological literature regarding the concept of “autobiographical memory”. More specifically, I show that this disagreement stems from differences in content within the conceptions of “autobiographical memory” used by Tulving and Conway. These differences can be spelled out in terms of a difference in phenomenology, type of self-reference, and type of content. Here I take as an underlying notion that clarifying these differences is important because it can help us avoid terminological and conceptual confusion
A Review and Introduction to Neutrosophic Applications across Various Scientific Fields
No full textA Neutrosophic Set assigns to each element independent degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity, thereby extending classical uncertainty models. It is widely recognized as a generalization of both Fuzzy Sets and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets. Neutrosophic and fuzzy logics have been employed across sociology, psychology, the social sciences, biology, chemistry, physics, and philosophy. This paper revisits and systematizes these applications of Neutrosophic Logic, presenting rigorous mathematical definitions alongside concrete, domain–specific ex am ples. Our aim is tw ofold: to promote broader understanding and dissemination of neutrosophic methods, and to provide a clear foundation that enables future theoretical development and practical deployment. By organizing existing concepts into a coherent framework and illustrating their use through reproducible constructions, we seek to broaden the scope of applications and to stimulate further research across disciplines
Management of halitosis (bad breath) through the use of common medicinal herbs
No full textHalitosis, another name for bad breath, may be unpleasant and in some situations, even anxiety-inducing. Breath odor is the primary symptom of halitosis, an oral health condition. The first step in treating this avoidable ailment is usually determining the origin of the foul breath. Plant based formulas used in traditional medicine to eliminate odors include echinacea, mint, cloves, coconut, ginger, cinnamon, green tea, black tea, coriander, lemon, thyme, savory, real cardamom, and honey. Physicians who specialize in conventional diagnostic techniques are constantly inspired by the herbs found in nature. The data gathered in this study may serve as a foundation for further research, clinical and experimental, to support the use of natural remedies and medicinal herbs in treating halitosis
Descolonización democrática del pensamiento. Diálogos polifónicos, libro en movimiento y caja de resonancia
No full textEste libro es el resultado de los trabajos colectivos llevados a cabo por el grupo académico e intelectual denominado Grupo Seminario Descolonización Democrática del Pensamiento, conformado por integrantes de México, Estados Unidos, Colombia, Argentina y Brasil. La obra se caracteriza por estar en constante movimiento bajo la filosofía polifónica, en la que existe un coro de múltiples voces que interactúan a través de diálogos sobre temas como la descolonialidad y la modernidad, las imágenes dialécticas del mestizaje y la democracia. Los lectores entrarán en un espacio reflexivo que llamamos la caja de resonancia, donde se fomenta un pensar en transformación y democrático de manera comunitaria
Ontomathematical postmodernity. I "Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft", but not after Husserl: Reframing Hegel's dialectic logic
No full textThe first paper of a series about the rigorous and ontomathematical definition of postmodernity reinterprets Hegel's dialectics and dialectic logic. His "synthesis", "change", "development", "time" is represented as the third dimension of Hilbert space where the two others correspond to the initial and final state of whether developing "idea" or changing "object" (after Marx's "dialectical/ historical materialism") generating a complete description of reality therefore excluding any hidden variables in principle: after the Kochen-Specker theorem (1967) or forcing a unique probability measure after the Gleason theorem (1957). That approach is obviously geometric rather than logical, thus rather ontomathematical than ontological. Speaking loosely, dialectic logic is not logic in a formal sense: it means only the following negative result after the transition from two-to three-dimensional Hilbert space. The orthomodular lattice of subspaces (projective operators) allowing for a local (i.e., depending on a locally defined context of measurement) Boolean lattice being omnipresently homomorphic (i.e., independent of any locally defined context of measurement) in the two-dimensional case for the Hilbert meta-space of human experience, however, does not allow the same (i.e., both local and universal) Boolean lattice after complementing it by the third dimension of "time", "synthesis", "development", etc. So, dialectic logic is only the "antithesis" of classical logic, but their "synthesis" is not (and fundamentally cannot be) logical, but only geometrical (furthermore originating from Hegel's own understanding of "synthesis": to generate a new quality). Dialectical logic is neither "ontology of change", nor "ontology of time", nor "ontology of contradiction": it is ontomathematics implied by the third dimension, thus beyond logic, but within geometry. It is rather "geometry of reality" than "logic of reality" and quantum mechanics rather than Marx's materialism is what it needs. Speaking loosely, reality starts from the third dimension after the Kochen-Specker and Gleason theorems. Then, Postmodernity versus Modernity can be rigorously and mathematically defined to replace the fundamental metapostulate about the two-dimensionality (e.g., "mindbody"; "objectsubject"; "Self environment"; etc.) of human experience with its three-dimensionality. As that was in fact realized for the first time by Hegel (in a proper philosophical insight since quantum mechanics did not exist in his age), he can be reasonably called the "first postmodern philosopher". The USSR and other socialistic countries' history and their "Marxism-Leninism" provide numerous examples (or counterexamples) for that ontomathematical interpretation of dialectics
Mengzian Knowledge Practicalism
No full textI argue that, for Mengzi, the kind of knowledge that features in expressions of the form ‘knowing N’, where N is a noun or a noun phrase, is not a kind of belief but is instead a capacity for intelligently performing relevant actions. My argument proceeds by showing that, first, Mengzi is committed to the view that a person knows N iff she is relevantly capable and, second, that the best explanation for this is that the kind of knowledge involved in knowing N is a capacity. Finally, I motivate such a practicalist interpretation by arguing that it offers us a general but informative explanation of what it is that knowing N makes the knower capable of doing
The grounding conception of governance
No full textAccording to the governing conception of the laws of nature, laws, in some sense, determine concrete goings-on. Just how to understand the sort of determination at play in governance is, however, a substantial question. One potential answer to this question, which has recently received some attention, is that laws govern by grounding what happens in the concrete world. If this account succeeded, it would show that governance can be understood in terms of an independently motivated and widely accepted notion. Thus far, though, the grounding conception of governance has not been developed or evaluated in detail. In this paper, I fill this gap by mapping out and evaluating various possible ways of developing this conception of governance. My main conclusion is that the grounding conception runs into serious difficulties in trying to capture the key idea that governing laws determine the distribution of fundamental property instances