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De los Ríos, I., Las fuerzas extrañas. Del azar y el buen vivir en la filosofía de Aristóteles. Madrid: UAM Ediciones, 2025, p. 384
No full textUniversidad, autoconocimiento y ciudadanía. Reflexiones en clave personal
No full textLa experiencia del autoconocimiento en el entorno académico y su impactopolítico se enriquecen en diálogo con diversos conocimientos. Este proceso no solo facilita un viaje interior hacia un saber específico, sino también influye en el ejercicio profesional, lo que permite una comprensión crítica de los problemas sociales y sus desafíos. Se resalta cómo la incorporación de categorías existenciales y conceptuales fomenta el escrutinio personal, y ayuda a descubrir nuestra identidad y nuestro lugar en el mundo
Impact of the Budget 2025 & 26 on Agricultural Sector and Tax Implications
No full textThe current paper critically reviews the most significant announcements in presenting the "Union Budget (2025-26)" by Hon'ble Finance Minister Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman, specifically from the viewpoint of their tax policy and economic development implications. It emphasizes how the government seeks to meet the fiscal requirements of diverse socio-economic groups, including the middle class and lower-income communities. By analysing changes in tax slab rates and implementing new tax policies, the research will determine the problems and advantages that these measures have for taxpayers and service sectors looking for relief and opportunities for growth. The paper also discusses how these fiscal policies are structured to spur economic activity, increase disposable income, and encourage investment in major sectors. It examines the likely effect of these changes on consumer expenditure, savings, and overall economic stability. The research also attempts to forecast future economic cycles and their probable implications for sustainable development and social well-being in India. Based on an examination of the allround approach adopted in the Union Budget, this study attempts to offer insights into how effective the proposed tax reforms are going to be and how they contribute towards creating a more inclusive and robust economy, leading to the prosperity of the nation
Essential Structure for Causal Models
No full textThis paper introduces and defends a new principle for when a structural equation model is apt for analyzing actual causation. Any such analysis in terms of these models has two components: a recipe for reading claims of actual causation off an apt model, and an articulation of what makes a model apt. The primary focus in the literature has been on the first component. But the problem of structural isomorphs has made the second especially pressing (Hall 2007; Hitchcock 2007a). Those with realist sympathies have reason to resist the standard response to this problem, which introduces a normative parameter into the metaphysics (Hall 2007; Halpern and Hitchcock 2010, 2015; Halpern 2016a; Menzies 2017; Gallow 2021). However, the only alternative solution in the literature leaves central questions unanswered (Blanchard and Schaffer 2017). I propose an independently motivated aptness requirement, Evident Mediation, that provides the missing details and resolves the structural isomorph problem without need for a normative parameter
The database in Artificial Research by Application
No full textThis paper focuses on the critical role of the database of words in the first stage—application—of Specific Artificial Intelligence (SAI) for Artificial Research by Application. Within this initial phase, the database functions as a structured repository of linguistic, conceptual, and categorical information relevant to a particular scientific or academic field. Words in the database are not merely stored as isolated entries but are indexed according to quantitative descriptors, taxonomic relations, functional uses, and semantic roles. The aim is to enable the SAI to interpret empirical inputs, categorize observed phenomena, and retrieve comparable entries that inform hypothesis formation.
This process of word-based categorization allows the SAI to match new data with existing conceptual structures, serving as the foundation for replication by Application. In scientific contexts such as medicine or astronomy, this means associating terms (e.g., symptoms, physical properties, conditions) with standardized descriptions and quantitative attributes. The paper outlines the necessary structure of such a database, including multi-layered descriptors, synonym management, and relational hierarchies that allow words to function as gateways to rational hypothesis generation. Ultimately, this linguistic architecture provides a bridge between raw empirical data and structured reasoning, laying the groundwork for subsequent stages of artificial research
A Higher-Order Credal Account of Suspension (and Other Doxastic Attitudes)
No full textWhen is it (epistemically) rational to suspend judgment on a proposition? Before addressing this question, one has to clarify what suspension of judgment (in short: suspension) is and establish rationality standards for the attitudes that constitute suspension. Ideally, suspending can be reduced to attitudes for which one already has established rationality standards. This paper distinguishes two kinds of suspension, weak and strong, and offers a reductionist account of suspension based on credence. However, it does not reduce suspension to credence alone but takes a higher-order perspective on credence into account. Other doxastic attitudes such as belief and doubtful belief are also reexamined and defined in the light of this higher-order perspective
Dos lecturas contrapuestas : ¿en qué lugar del tratado de la naturaleza humana expone David Hume su teoría de la identidad personal?
No full textEste trabajo de grado es una exposición de dos apuestas interpretativas distintas que disciernen sobre cuál es la teoría de la identidad personal de una obra perteneciente la historia de la filosofía moderna temprana, más específicamente, propia de la ilustración escocesa: Tratado de la naturaleza humana (1739-1740) de David Hume. Dentro de mi escrito, concibo ambas posturas como contrapuestas en cuanto que en las premisas de cada una se disputa cómo debería comprenderse y estudiarse el fenómeno de la identidad en este texto: ¿el objeto de estudio y su consecuente desarrollo teórico por parte de Hume es acaso un asunto meramente ontológico o, quizás, también uno moral? Este trabajo de grado se divide en dos capítulos. El primero se centra en exponer la interpretación clásica acerca de cómo Hume concibe la identidad personal al final del Libro I del Tratado de la naturaleza humana, así como en mostrar de qué manera las carencias explicativas sobre el yo, presentes en las conclusiones de dicho fragmento, comprometen la coherencia de su sistema filosófico. Para cumplir con estos objetivos, el capítulo se organiza en dos apartados: el primero desarrolla la interpretación clásica, mientras que el segundo ofrece una lectura detallada de la sección que la sustenta, a saber, la sección 1.4.6 del Tratado. El segundo capítulo expone la interpretación más reciente de la filosofía identitaria de Hume, en la que los principios pasionales del estudio de la moral en el Tratado adquieren un papel central. El objetivo de este capítulo es demostrar que es posible identificar un concepto unificado de sujeto a partir de los diversos elementos con que Hume explica la regularidad en la acción, a saber, en su explicación sobre cómo las creencias culturales atraviesan la apreciativa que los seres humanos tenemos sobre las capacidades del cuerpo y de la mente. Para ello, se expone cómo entiende Hume el proceso que da lugar a la acción y, posteriormente, cómo, en su explicación del papel que desempeñan la cultura, el cuerpo y la mente en dicho proceso, subyace un concepto unificado del yo, coherente con los principios de su sistema filosófico. En su trabajo, José Antonio presenta las dos interpretaciones más importantes en la literatura secundaria de la obra de David Hume sobre la teoría de la identidad personal. José Antonio también discute directamente las partes relevantes del Tratado de la naturaleza humana en las que se apoyan tales lecturas y discute juiciosamente a los comentaristas que defiende cada una de ellas
Advanced Network Traffic Analysis Models for Detecting Sophisticated Cyber Espionage Campaigns
No full textCyber espionage campaigns pose significant challenges to global security, exploiting vulnerabilities in network infrastructures. This research paper explores advanced network traffic analysis models tailored for detecting sophisticated cyber espionage operations. The study focuses on leveraging machine learning algorithms, anomaly detection systems, and hybrid threat detection frameworks to identify subtle yet malicious activities within network traffic. Through a review of research, this paper synthesizes key findings and outlines practical applications, offering a roadmap for enhancing cybersecurity frameworks. Findings highlight the efficacy of deep learning and unsupervised models in mitigating espionage-related risks, paving the way for more robust detection systems