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The difference in the creation principle between the Islamic religion and Greek mythology, and its impact on the relationship_ between Arabic logic and Aristotelian logic_
No full textThis paper argues that logical concepts and rules are formal articulations of metaphysical principles, which are conceptual expressions of the First Principle, often embodied in a culture's creation myth.
We also aim to clarify the impact of the difference in the creation principle between Greek and Arab civilizations on the relationship between Arab thinkers and Aristotelian logic.
Initially, we presented the relationship between the concept of the axiom (or postulate) and the concept of the divinity.
We then presented how Greek logical thought evolved from the creation principle in Greek mythology, represented by the principle of exclusion, leading subsequently to the dominance of binary thought .
we addressed the impact of the creation principle in Arab civilization, which is creation from nothing, where the creation principle is embodied in the absolute divine power, in contrast to the creation principle in Greece, where the principle of exclusion is a principle that transcends the gods.
Theologians (Ibn Taymiyyah): Criticized the absolute Law of Non
Contradiction, suggesting a logic based on the Sacred Text for rational debate, hinting at a logic of speech acts beyond declarative propositions.
1 This paper was presented during my contribution in the 4th World Congress on Logic and Religion
Sinaia, Romania- September 3-8, 2023
Associate Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, Fayoum University.
مجلت كليت الآداب جامعت الفيوم ) الانسانياث والعلوم الاجتماعيت( مج 17 ، ع 1 )يناير( 2025
(The difference in the creation principle …) Dr. Mohamed Ali Almisbkawy
2784
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1.. Philosophers: Ibn Sīnā transformed Aristotle's time--bound causal chain into one linked to the Absolute Divine Will via the Ontological Argument. This introduced a third value, which was impossible in Aristotle's bivalent metaphysics and logic.
We then presented the subsequent dominance of the concept of Will in contemporary Western philosophy, which led to attempts to overcome the bivalent Western thought
Modal perspectivalism
No full textThere are limits to how things might have been. Yet tiny permissible differences between possibilities add up to large ones that exceed those limits. This tension lies at the heart of the so-called tolerance puzzle. In this paper, I propose a novel response grounded in the idea that metaphysical modality is perspectival. The perspectivalist framework is used to dissolve the puzzle and is contrasted with two alternatives: one that posits a plenitude of finely individuated entities, and another that appeals to a double relativization of modal claims—both to a world considered as actual and to a world considered as counterfactual
Herodot'un Tarih Anlayışı
No full textCicero, Yasalar Üzerine (De Legibus) adlı eserinin birinci kitabının beşinci bölümünde Herodot’a (yaklaşık MÖ 484-MÖ 425) (Grekçe: Herodotos, Latince ve İngilizce: Herodotus) “tarihin babası” (pater historiae) unvanını verir. Bu nitelendirme, Herodot’un historiai kavramını ilk kez sistemli biçimde kullanan, sorgulayan ve yazılı hâle getiren kişi olarak kabul edildiğini göstermektedir. Herodot yalnızca Antik Çağ tarihinin değil aynı zamanda tarih felsefesinin de kurucu figürlerinden biri olarak değerlendirilir (Evans, 1985, s. 556). Historiai (İngilizce “Histories” ya da “History”, Türkçe “Tarih” olarak çevrilmiştir) adlı eseri sadece olayların kronolojik bir dizimini sunmakla kalmaz aynı zamanda geçmişi anlamaya yönelik entelektüel bir çaba olarak da öne çıkar. Bu eser, Pers İmparatorluğu’nun yükselişine dair bilinen en eski anlatılardan biri olup, MÖ 5. yüzyıldaki Pers-Yunan Savaşları’nın nedenlerini ve gelişimini tarihsel bağlam içinde ele alır. Herodot bu çatışmayı yalnızca bir siyasal mücadele olarak değil kölelik ile özgürlük arasında temellenen ilkesel bir karşılaşma olarak çerçeveler. Bir yanda baskıcı Pers İmparatorluğu, diğer yanda ise Atinalıların öncülüğünde birleşmiş Yunan polisleri yer alır. Günümüzdeki edisyonlarda dokuz kitaba ayrılan Historiai [Tarih], her biri geleneksel olarak dokuz Musa’dan (Mousai: İlham Perisi ya da Tanrıçası) biriyle adlandırılan bölümler hâlindedir (Ríos Gordillo, 2021, s. 102-103). Bu adlandırma Antik Çağ’da Herodot’un kendisi tarafından yapılmamış daha sonra gelen İskenderiyeli bilim insanları tarafından uygulanmıştır.
Eser tarihsel bilgi ile anlatı, deneyim ile sorgulama, öğretici ahlak anlayışı ile eleştirel düşünce arasında bir köprü kurar. Ancak içerdiği mitolojik ve efsanevi unsurlar nedeniyle Antik Çağ’dan bu yana olayların doğruluğu ile ilgili tartışmalara da konu olmuştur. Cicero ve Plutarkhos gibi düşünürler tarafından “yalanların babası” olarak nitelenmesi (Bowen, 1992, s. 3), onun tarih anlayışına yönelik bu ikircikli bakışı yansıtır. Tüm bu değerlendirmeler ışığında Herodot’un tarih anlayışının hem özgünlüğü hem de dönemi için taşıdığı yenilik daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Herodot’un Historiai [Tarih] adlı kitabının ilk cümlesi, onun tarihyazımındaki amacını ve yöntemini doğrudan ortaya koyar: “Halikarnassoslu [Bodrum] Herodot’un sunduğu bu araştırma, insanların yaptıkları şeylerin zamanla unutulmaması, Helenler [Yunanlılar] ile barbarların [Yunanlı olmayanların] sergilediği büyük ve hayranlık uyandıran eylemlerin ünlerini kaybetmemesi ve aralarındaki savaşın nedenlerinin anlaşılması içindir” (çev. Godley, 2013, I.1, s. 1). Bu cümle, Herodot’un tarihyazımını Grekçedeki “historiai” yani araştırma ve soruşturma anlamıyla tanımladığını; başlıca amacının insan eylemlerini unutturmamak ve bu eylemlerin ardındaki nedenleri sorgulamak olduğunu göstermektedir. Salt kronolojik bilgi sunmakla yetinmeyen bu yaklaşımı sayesinde Herodot, tarih felsefesinin ilk temsilcilerinden biri olarak kabul edilir.
Herodot’un tarih anlayışını değerlendirmek hem kullandığı tarih yazımı yöntemlerine hem de Historiai (Tarih) adlı eserinde ortaya koyduğu felsefi arka plana bütüncül bir bakışla yaklaşmayı zorunlu kılar. Bu bağlamda, Herodot’un kaynak kullanımı, eleştirel yaklaşımı ve anlatı yapısının yanı sıra insan-doğa ilişkisi, kader, tanrılar, etik ve siyaset gibi temalara dair görüşleri bir bütün olarak ele alınmalıdır. Ayrıca onun farklı kültürlere yaklaşımı, yabancı toplumların geleneklerini aktarma biçimi ve bu süreçte sergilediği kültürel çoğulcu ve yorumlayıcı (hermeneutik) tutum da özel bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu bölümde, Herodot’un Historiai [Tarih] adlı eserinin ünlü ilk cümlesinden yola çıkılarak, onun tarihyazımına özgü nitelikleri ve tarih felsefesine sunduğu katkılar, modern araştırmacıların değerlendirmeleri ışığında incelenmektedir. Tartışma, Herodot’un yöntemsel ve anlatımsal tercihlerinden başlayarak tarihsel olgulara yaklaşımındaki etik ve teolojik boyutlara, kültürel temsillerdeki çoğulculuğuna ve siyasal düşüncelerine uzanmakta; nihayetinde Herodot’un tarih felsefesi bağlamında bıraktığı entelektüel miras değerlendirilmektedir
_Arche_ and _Nous_ in Heidegger’s and Aristotle’s Understanding of _Phronesis_
No full textI offer a novel interpretation concerning Heidegger’s appropriation of Aristotelian phronesis in terms of the shifting roles that arche plays in structuring the disclosive movements proper to Aristotelian and Heideggerian phronesis. Specifically, I show that an intriguing ambiguity present in how Aristotle understands arche, in the sense of its being both an originative source of and what grasps first principles, can be leveraged to explain changes in the mediating relation between nous and logos relevant to Heidegger’s appropriations of phronesis, which I then employ to explain two additional features thereof: how it differs from Aristotelian phronesis and how it changes subtly from its more explicit manifestations in the Sophist to its more implicit presence in Being and Time. One significant ramification of this arche-reading of Heideggerian phronesis I also explore is how an understanding of phronetic disclosure in terms of arche can inform an understanding of the temporality of the disclosure of Dasein’s Being in Being and Time
Competency, Proxies, and Political Standing: A Conceptual Diagnosis or On the Rhetoric of Democratic Inclusion
No full textContemporary democratic theory frequently justifies political standing by appeal to competence, capacity, or rational agency, while assigning participation through categorical administrative proxies that neither assess nor meaningfully approximate those capacities. This paper offers a conceptual diagnosis of the resulting disjunction between justificatory language and institutional practice.
Rather than proposing reforms or alternative criteria for inclusion, the analysis examines how competence functions within democratic legitimacy despite its limited operational role. It argues that competence operates less as an inclusion criterion than as a legitimating vocabulary that renders proxy-based boundaries intelligible, defensible, and resistant to contestation. Through an analysis of age thresholds, asymmetrical inclusion, and the conspicuous absence of competence assessment in democratic institutions, the paper shows that the gap between justification and mechanism is not accidental but structurally stabilising.
The persistence of competence language is further explained by distinctive epistemic features of democratic participation, including diffuse responsibility, opaque feedback, and the ritualisation of participation itself. Under these conditions, dissatisfaction with outcomes need not generate pressure to recalibrate the link between capacity and standing, allowing legitimacy to be maintained without alignment between justificatory claims and institutional operation.
The paper concludes by situating this gap as a constitutive feature of contemporary democratic legitimacy rather than a defect awaiting correction, and by clarifying the limited sense in which competence continues to function within democratic systems
Knowledge and practice of diabetic foot care among diabetic patients in Libya
No full textEffective knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care among diabetic patients are crucial in reducing the risk of complications of foot ulcers and amputations. This cross-sectional study evaluates the levels of knowledge and practice of diabetic foot standards of care among Libyan diabetic patients. Thus, a total of 481 Libyan patients participated in 2024. Data were collected through a validated self-designed questionnaire that assessed foot care knowledge and practice. Scores were assigned for each yes response, and a median score was calculated to categorize participants as having good or poor knowledge and practice. The association between socio-demographic and diabetes-related factors with knowledge and practice was analyzed using the Chi-square test. The findings revealed that 74.1% of the participants had poor knowledge about the standards of diabetic foot care and 72.0% demonstrated poor practice related to diabetic foot care. A significant association was found between variables such as age, gender, and diabetes duration with knowledge and practice (p\u3c0.05). 36.2%, reported having received formal education on diabetic foot care. This study recommends enhancing educational efforts and increasing physician involvement in foot care strategies. The majority of Libyan diabetic patients demonstrate a lack of knowledge and poor practice regarding diabetic foot care, which increases their risk of foot ulcers and amputations. This situation highlights the urgent need for an enhanced educational campaign focused on foot hygiene and care, as well as increased involvement of healthcare providers to deliver clear practical guidance preventing and an early examination to avoid complications in clinical practice
Review of Claude Langlois, *« La femme du Seigneur ». Madeleine Delbrêl en ses œuvres*
No full textReview of Claude Langlois, *« La femme du Seigneur ». Madeleine Delbrêl en ses œuvres*, Paris, Éd. du Cerf, 2022, 405 pages
Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology: Chaz Firestone
No full textFor outstanding experimental and theoretical contributions to our understanding of perception and its interface with cognition and motor performance. Chaz Firestone’s creative, elegant, and brilliant studies have time and again enriched our understanding of countless aspects of perceptual representation, including the perception of balance, structure, absences, complexity, possibility, perspectival shape, and abstract relations—revealing just how rich perceptual processing is. His masterful theoretical work, such as his landmark examination of putative cognitive influences on perception, raises the bar for experimental and conceptual rigor in the field. His boundless energy and commitment as a researcher, mentor, and teacher are an inspiration
Reseña de Marcelo Hoffman, Foucault in Brazil. Dictatorship, Resistance, and Solidarity: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2024, 192 pp.
No full textEl autor del libro aquí reseñado, Marcelo Hoffman, distinguido académico y profesor en el Departamento de Ciencias Políticas del Dyson College of Arts and Sciences en Pace University, Nueva York, es conocido por su erudición en el ámbito de la teoría política y el pensamiento filosófico. Hoffman, escritor de los influyentes títulos Militant Acts: The Role of Investigations in Radical Political Struggles (2019) y Foucault and Power: The Influence of Political Engagement on Theories of Power (2015), presenta en esta ocasión la publicación de Foucault in Brazil. Dictatorship, Resistance, and Solidarity, un análisis rigurosamente perspicaz sobre un capítulo menos rastreado de la vida y obra del filósofo Michel Foucault: su relación con Brasil
Socrates’ Ethical Argument for His Eschatology in the Gorgias
No full textSocrates has an implicit argument for his afterlife story that concludes the Gorgias, with two key premises. One is at 527a–c, where he summarizes the ethical position he has been arguing for through most of the dialogue, regarding the intrinsic goodness of justice, the intrinsic badness of injustice, and the desirability of rehabilitative punishments. The second occurs at 507e–508a, where Socrates asserts that the universe is held together by justice. This argument explains why Socrates regards his story as a logos, not merely a muthos. It also helps us understand the nature of the rewards and punishments in his story