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Klausur-Booklets zur Stärkung von Methodenkompetenzen und zur Reduktion von Prokrastination
Full text linkSemesterbegleitendes Mitlernen scheitert oft an fehlender Methodenkompetenz und der Neigung zur Prokrastination. Klausur-Booklets versprechen Abhilfe: Dabei erlauben Lehrende ihren Studierenden, semesterbegleitend bis zu 15 handschriftliche Notizzettel anzufertigen und als Hilfsmittel in der Prüfung zu nutzen. Klausur-Booklets überwinden die Nachteile von Open-Book-Klausuren und anderen Anreizsystemen wie Midterm Exams und Bonuspunkten. Sie üben einen starken Anreiz auf die Studierenden aus, können die Prüfungskultur verbessern und lassen sich basierend auf den bisherigen organisatorischen und technischen Erfahrungen gut umsetzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheint es sinnvoll, der Vermittlung von Methodenkompetenz in bestehenden Lehrveranstaltungen mehr Raum zu geben.Studying during the semester often fails due to a lack of methodological competence and a tendency to procrastinate. One solution to this is the concept of Exam Booklets: Lecturers allow their students to create up to 15 handwritten sheets of paper during the semester and use them as aids in the exam. Exam booklets overcome the disadvantages of open-book exams and other incentive systems such as midterm exams and bonus points. They provide a strong incentive for students, can improve the examination culture, and are easy to implement with the organizational and technical experience obtained so far. In light of this, it seems sensible to make more room for teaching methodological skills in existing courses
BEA : Building Engaging Argumentation
Full text linkExchanging arguments and knowledge in conversations is an intuitive way for humans to form opinions and reconcile opposing viewpoints. The vast amount of information available on the internet, often accessed through search engines, presents a considerable challenge. Managing and filtering this overwhelming wealth of data raises the potential for intellectual isolation. This can stem either from personalized searches that create “filter bubbles” by considering a user’s history and preferences, or from the intrinsic, albeit unconscious, tendency of users to seek information that aligns with their existing beliefs, forming “self-imposed filter bubbles”.
To address this issue, we introduce a model aimed at engaging the user in a critical examination of presented arguments and propose the use of a virtual agent engaging in a deliberative dialogue with human users to facilitate a fair and unbiased opinion formation. Our experiments have demonstrated the success of these models and their implementation. As a result, this work offers valuable insights for the design of future cooperative argumentative dialogue systems
Logical Modalities within the European AI Act : An Analysis
Full text linkThe paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the European AI Act in terms of its logical modalities, with the aim of preparing its formal representation, for example, within the logic-pluralistic Knowledge Engineering Framework and Methodology (LogiKEy). LogiKEy develops computational tools for normative reasoning based on formal methods, employing Higher-Order Logic (HOL) as a unifying meta-logic to integrate diverse logics through shallow semantic embeddings. This integration is facilitated by Isabelle/HOL, a proof assistant tool equipped with several automated theorem provers. The modalities within the AI Act and the logics suitable for their representation are discussed. For a selection of these logics, embeddings in HOL are created, which are then used to encode sample paragraphs. Initial experiments evaluate the suitability of these embeddings for automated reasoning, and highlight key challenges on the way to more robust reasoning capabilities
Mehrsprachigkeitsaktivierung im (Mathematik-)Unterricht der Grundschule : Vier Maxime der Mehrsprachigkeitssensibilität
Full text linkRund ein Drittel aller Grundschulkinder in Deutschland ist mehrsprachig. Mehrsprachigkeit stellt somit eine zentrale Bedingung schulischer Lehr Lernprozesse dar. Unter einer translanguagingorientierten Perspektive wird sie als dynamischer Modus der Bedeutungs-und Sprachprozessierung verstanden, der vielfältige Deutungsräume eröffnet. Der Beitrag bündelt zentrale Forschungsbefunde, entwickelt vier Maximen eines mehrsprachigkeitssensiblen Mathematikunterrichts und diskutiert deren Potenziale und Herausforderungen
Gesund und entspannt am Arbeitsplatz : ein transdisziplinäres Service Learning-Projekt
Full text linkIn dem Beitrag wird ein transdisziplinäres Service-Learning-Projekt vorgestellt, in dem Studierende der Kommunikationswissenschaft Erklärvideos konzipiert und produziert haben, die der Gesundheitsförderung dienen. Hauptzielgruppe sind die Mitarbeitenden der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg; gleichwohl sind die Schulungsfilme auf der universitären Website öffentlich verfügbar. Damit ist das Lehr-Lern-Projekt, das auf „Gesundheit und Wohlergehen“ und „Hochwertige Bildung“ als Nachhaltigkeitsziele abzielt, doppelt nachhaltig: Die Videos begünstigen die subjektive Nachhaltigkeit, nach der jede:r dafür zuständig ist, sich selbst fit zu halten, sich zu regenerieren, so dass individuelle Ressourcen auch künftig verfügbar sind. Zudem wird soziale Nachhaltigkeit gefördert, da die Videos langfristig allgemein zugänglich sind. Kooperationspartner waren die Kommunikationswissenschaft, die Stabsstelle Personalentwicklung und Gesundheitsmanagement sowie das Sportzentrum der Bamberger Universität.This article presents a transdisciplinary Service Learning project in which students of Communication Science produced training videos aimed at promoting health. The primary target audience for these videos is the staff of University Bamberg; however, the training films are publicly available on the university's website. Thus, this teaching and learning project, aligned with Sustainable Development Goals "Good Health and Well-being" and „Quality Education“, achieves dual sustainability objectives: Promoting individual sustainability by encouraging everyone to take responsibility for maintaining their own fitness and well-being, ensuring that individual resources remain available in the future. Fostering social sustainability as the videos are accessible to the public in the long term. Collaborative partners for this project included the Department of Communication Science, the Office of Personnel Development and Health Management, and the Sports Center at Bamberg University
Georeferencing River Networks Using Spatial Reasoning
Full text linkThis paper is concerned with automatic georeferencing of river networks from raster images such as aerial photos or maps. Determining reasonable assignments between a given network of rivers derived from a textual description and an image is subject to high combinatorial complexity and uncertainty. We investigate the application of spatial reasoning in automatic georeferencing
Driving Digital Transformation During a Pandemic : Case Study of Virtual Collaboration in a German Hospital
Full text linkBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has not only changed the private lives of millions of people but has significantly affected the collaboration of medical specialists throughout health care systems worldwide. Hospitals are making changes to their regular operations to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 while ensuring the treatment of emergency patients. These substantial changes affect the typical work setting of clinicians and require the implementation of organizational arrangements.
Objective: In this study, we aim to increase our understanding of how digital transformation drives virtual collaboration among clinicians in hospitals in times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: We present the lessons learned from an exploratory case study in which we observed the introduction of an information technology (IT) system for enhancing collaboration among clinicians in a German hospital. The results are based on 16 semistructured interviews with physicians from various departments and disciplines; the interviews were generalized to better understand and interpret the meaning of the statements.
Results: Three key lessons and recommendations explain how digital transformation ensures goal-driven collaboration among clinicians. First, we found that implementing a disruptive change requires alignment of the mindsets of the stakeholders. Second, IT-enabled collaboration presupposes behavioral rules that must be followed. Third, transforming antiquated processes demands a suitable technological infrastructure.
Conclusions: Digital transformation is being driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rapid introduction of IT-enabled collaboration reveals grievances concerning the digital dissemination of medical information along the patient treatment path. To avoid being caught unprepared by future crises, digital transformation must be further driven to ensure collaboration, and the diagnostic and therapeutic process must be opened to disruptive strategies
When are researchers willing to share their data? : Impacts of values and uncertainty on open data in academia
Full text linkBackground:
E-science technologies have significantly increased the availability of data. Research grant providers such as the European Union increasingly require open access publishing of research results and data. However, despite its significance to research, the adoption rate of open data technology remains low across all disciplines, especially in Europe where research has primarily focused on technical solutions (such as Zenodo or the Open Science Framework) or considered only parts of the issue.
Methods and findings:
In this study, we emphasized the non-technical factors perceived value and uncertainty factors in the context of academia, which impact researchers’ acceptance of open data–the idea that researchers should not only publish their findings in the form of articles or reports, but also share the corresponding raw data sets. We present the results of a broad quantitative analysis including N = 995 researchers from 13 large to medium-sized universities in Germany. In order to test 11 hypotheses regarding researchers’ intentions to share their data, as well as detect any hierarchical or disciplinary differences, we employed a structured equation model (SEM) following the partial least squares (PLS) modeling approach.
Conclusions:
Grounded in the value-based theory, this article proclaims that most individuals in academia embrace open data when the perceived advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Furthermore, uncertainty factors impact the perceived value (consisting of the perceived advantages and disadvantages) of sharing research data. We found that researchers’ assumptions about effort required during the data preparation process were diminished by awareness of e-science technologies (such as Zenodo or the Open Science Framework), which also increased their tendency to perceive personal benefits via data exchange. Uncertainty factors seem to influence the intention to share data. Effects differ between disciplines and hierarchical levels
Inklusionsbezogene professionelle Kompetenzen angehender Grundschullehrkräfte : Das Projekt InkluWi
Full text linkAusgehend von empirisch gestützten Modellen zur professionellen Kompetenz von Lehrkräften wird diskutiert, welche spezifschen Kompetenzen Lehrkräfte im Kontext inklusiver Bildung benötigen. Zwar gibt es eine breite empirische Befundlage zu inklusionsbezogenen Überzeugungen, jedoch kaum zu inklusionsbezogenem Wissen, weiteren inklusionsbezogenen Kompetenzfacetten (motivationalen Orientierungen und Selbstregulationsfähigkeiten) sowie deren Zusammenspiel. Diesem Desiderat widmet sich das Projekt „Inklusionsbezogene professionelle Kompetenzen angehender Grundschullehrkräfte“ (Inklu-Wi). Seit dem Studienjahr 2021/22 werden in mehreren Kohorten bayerische Grundschullehramtsstudierende zu ihrem pädagogischen Wissen, ihren Überzeugungen sowie motivationalen Orientierungen und Selbstregulationsfähigkeiten für das Unterrichten in inklusiven Settings befragt. Im Beitrag wird das Projekt einschließlich seiner theoretischen Fundierung unter Einbezug des aktuellen Forschungsstands vorgestellt. Zudem werden Ergebnisse zu ausgewählten inklusionsbezogenen Kompetenzfacetten und deren Zusammenspiel zum ersten Erhebungszeitpunkt zu Studienbeginn berichtet und diskutiert