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Embracing the challenge : Predicting self-testing in non-formal online courses using machine learning
Full text linkTechnology-driven advancements have made adaptive and interactive learning techniques more accessible. Online courses increasingly integrate self-tests that offer automated and immediate feedback. Self-tests can help learners to identify knowledge gaps and to reinforce their retention and comprehension. However, not all learners readily use self-tests, raising the question of which factors may impact learners' engagement with self-tests. The present study focused on non-formal education, covering 45 online courses offered by Bavarian universities. Analyses were based on a sample of N = 1261 participants aged 16–84 years. We used a machine learning approach to predict learners' engagement with self-tests and to identify important influencing factors. Therefore, we included 50 predictor variables in an elastic net regression to explore the role of learner- and course-related characteristics. The predictor variables were drawn from self-report, process, and meta data. Overall, learners differed substantially in their self-testing behavior. The prediction model explained 11 % of the variance in learners' engagement with self-tests. Despite the model's modest explanatory power, the analysis identified potentially relevant predictors. The two most important predictor variables were learner commitment and the intention to obtain a confirmation of participation. Accordingly, course designers might implement extrinsic incentives—such as confirmations of participation—as a potentially useful strategy to encourage learners' engagement with self-tests. From a methodological perspective, the study highlights the importance of using appropriate statistical methods—such as machine learning algorithms—to understand complex learning behaviors
The Role of Self-Reported Predecisional Affect in Re-current Decision-Making
Full text linkKumulative Dissertation, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2026
Von der genannten Lizenzangabe ausgenommen sind folgende Bestandteile dieser Dissertation:
Study 1 "Expected Valence Predicts Choice in a Recurrent Decision Task" (S. 95-114) und Study 3 "Time matters: On the predictive power of current, short- and long-term expected valence in an experience based learning task" (S. 116-130) stehen unter der CC-Lizenz CC BY.
Lizenzvertrag: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This thesis explores the role of self-reported affect in recurrent decision-making, with a particular focus on how both current and expected emotions influence choices over time. Three studies were conducted to investigate the impact of current and expected valence on decision-making in various contexts. The first study examined the predictive power of expected affect in a recurrent gambling task, where expected valence was found to be the strongest predictor of choice. The second study expanded on this by exploring the interaction between current and expected affect, revealing that both types of emotions contribute to decision-making depending on task context. The third study emphasized the importance of time horizons, showing that short-term and long-term expectations interact differently based on the nature of the decision, such as point-loss versus point-omission scenarios. These findings suggest that emotional ex-pectations, as well as current emotional states, are essential components in predicting choices and that the subjective affective system adapts to varying contextual demands. The results also highlight the need for a more nuanced approach to measuring affect, integrating both expected and current emotions to better understand decision-making across a range of contexts. This work provides valuable insights into how emotions guide choices in both financial and non-financial domains, offering implications for fu-ture research on emotion-driven decision-making
Art for art's sake? : The influence of art framing and context on the evaluation of immoral behaviour
Full text linkArtists often challenge societal norms through their artworks; hence, red lines have notoriously been crossed throughout art history. This is particularly the case since the Renaissance, when artists were emancipated from craftspeople and began challenging beholders regarding visual habits, religious, and ethical norms. Because artworks possess a special status in our society, they are processed qualitatively differently from everyday life objects. Hence, they offer the opportunity for dialogue, disentangled from automatic evaluative heuristics and strict categories. We tested how labeling visual depictions of immoral acts as art vs. non-art affects the overall evaluation of such depictions. Furthermore, we explored the impact of presenting pictures in a physical art gallery on such evaluations. Participants (N = 140) were allocated into one of three viewing conditions: art-gallery, art-online, and non-art-online, where the same set of 20 pictures was presented. The pictures evoked similar adverse emotional reactions when shown as art and non-art, including in the gallery. Nevertheless, regarding beauty, interest and happiness rates, the pictures were evaluated higher when labeled art and even higher when presented in the gallery. Additionally, participants reported lower understanding rates and higher surprise rates for the art-labeled pictures, perhaps indicating that people were less likely to immediately apply standard heuristics and categorization routines when processing them. We conclude that art, especially when presented in typical art contexts, provides special conditions that invite beholders to challenge, adapt, and extend their habits. Art may offer a unique context for engaging with extreme or novel ideas, inviting reflection and even transformation
Urnen zum Kuscheln – Den Abschied begreifbar machen
Full text linkDer Beitrag untersucht am Beispiel der handgefertigten Textilurnen des Berliner Labels Sequoia, wie neue Anbieter:innen den Bestattungsmarkt ästhetisch, materiell und strukturell transformieren. Ausgangspunkt ist eine ethnografische Beobachtungsszene, in der eine Urne nicht als distanziertes Funktionsobjekt, sondern als weiches, berührbares Alltagsding erfahren wird. Die Stofflichkeit der Urnen eröffnet dabei neue Formen des sinnlichen Zugangs zum Tod und verschiebt etablierte Seh- und Berührungsgewohnheiten im Umgang mit letzten Dingen
Positionspapier : Fachspezifische Informationskompetenz-Vermittlung und Künstliche Intelligenz
Full text linkDas Positionspapier erörtert Perspektiven für die Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz im Kontext von Künstlicher Intelligenz
Cantus vivit lege Romana!
Full text linkIn the 14th-century treatise Ars cantus mensurabilis mensurata per modos iuris, the principles of menstrual music are explained by references to ius commune. This article aims to trace their Roman roots and to show that music too is sometimes governed by Roman law
Language Models Are Poor Learners of Directional Inference
Full text linkWe examine LMs’ competence of directional predicate entailments by supervised fine-tuning with prompts. Our analysis shows that contrary to their apparent success on standard NLI, LMs show limited ability to learn such directional inference; moreover, existing datasets fail to test directionality, and/or are infested by artefacts that can be learnt as proxy for entailments, yielding over-optimistic results. In response, we present BoOQA (Boolean Open QA), a robust multi-lingual evaluation benchmark for directional predicate entailments, extrinsic to existing training sets. On BoOQA, we establish baselines and show evidence of existing LM-prompting models being incompetent directional entailment learners, in contrast to entailment graphs, however limited by sparsity
Multidisciplinary analyses on the 11th-12th century bronze doors of San Marco, Venice
Full text linkTwo 11th- and 12th-century entrance doors from the Basilica di San Marco in Venice, made of different copper alloys and woods, were non-invasively examined in situ. The chemical composition of the metals, the way in which different metal parts were joined together, the tree species used to construct the supporting structures and the age of the wood are determined. A portable ED-XRF instrument and optical microscopes were used. The doors were also photographed to produce high-resolution orthophotos and 3D models. The metal parts of the doors were made of leaded tin-bronze and quaternary Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb alloys and were mounted on a wooden multi-layer structure of larch and silver fir; the dendrochronological dates of some of the larch boards are 1965, teminus post quem