Czasopisma Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Not a member yet
2127 research outputs found
Sort by
EVALUATION OF SEED NUT SIZE AS INDEX OF SELECTION FOR SUPERIOR SEED QUALITY ATTRIBUTES IN TWO BIOTYPES OF CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE)
Get PDFQuality seed nuts are germane to propagation of the cashew plant. Seed nut fraction and genotypes have been identified to influence seed quality of crop plant. Unexpectedly, seed size effect has not been well documented in Brazilian and local biotypes of cashew grown in Nigeria. An experiment was initiated to investigate the effect of three nut sizes and two biotypes of cashew on seed quality (physical and physiological) traits. Seed nut were collected from three cashew plants of the same age of each of the biotypes and were allowed to stay for 60 days after collection. The experiment was carried out in a factorial arrangement laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates using two factors (nut size and biotypes) in 2011 cropping season in both laboratory and screen house tests. Data were collected on physical characters such as seed length, seed width, 100 seed weight and seed imbibition rate while physiological characters were seed germination and early vigour traits. Data obtained were analysed statistically using Tukey HSD test at 5% probability level. The result revealed that some of the characters were significantly different from one another. Seed nut fraction and biotype had considerable effect on seed length, seed width, seed imbibition rate and 100 seed weight. The two factors (nut size and biotype) interaction had profound effect on seed width only. On seed physiological quality, biotype effect was significant on seedling fresh and dry weights and seedling growth rate whereas seed nut size had considerable effect on seed germination, seedling vigour index, seedling fresh weight and seedling growth rate. The interaction effect of nut size and biotype recorded significant effect on the above four characters. Brazilian biotype had superior physical characters (seed length, width and weight) but with low imbibitions rate while medium and large nut sizes gave the highest seed germination and seedling vigour. Also, medium and large nuts had the highest seedling fresh weight whereas the highest seedling growth rate was recorded with small size seed. However, large, medium and small nut sizes of local biotype had the highest imbibition rate, whereas small, medium and large nut size of Brazilian biotype gave the highest 100 seed weight. On seedling emergence, large nuts of local biotype recorded the highest seedling emergence and seedling vigour index. Medium nuts of the two biotypes of cashew are recommended for cashew seed multiplication. Further research on physiology of cashew nut sizes during storage and osmo and hydro priming treatment effect are necessary and therefore advocated
Evaluation of several methods for breakind dormancy of bitter vetch seeds (Vicia Ervilia L.)
Get PDFThis study analysed the effects of different treatments on breaking dormancy and germination of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) freshly harvested seeds for seeding immediately. Partial scarified seeds (30 seconds with sandpaper) were subjected to different treatments including: GA3 (250, 500 and 750 ppm), KNO3 (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% w/v), cold stratification (2, 4 and 6 days), sulfuric acid (25, 50 and 75 seconds), hot water (90°C; for 2.5 and 5 minutes), hydropriming via seed soaking in distilled water (4 and 8 hours) and mechanical scarification. Among the mentioned treatments, cold stratification for 6 days had a best effect on germination related parameters final germination percentage, mean germination time and vigour index than the other periods. In contrast to scarification with acid and hot water, mechanical scarification improved germination parameters but this effect was lower than the cold stratification. The results suggest that bitter vetch seed has both physical and physiological dormancy
Piramidyzacja genów — powszechne narzędzie używane w programach hodowlanych
Get PDFThe main purpose of crop production is to achieve the highest possible yield while minimizing use of pesticides. Growing varieties with beneficial traits, also with a high potential of yield is closely connected with their resistance. At present, many tools of classical and molecular genetics, which can be successfully used to improve plant disease resistance, are available. The aim of this study was to present the gene pyramids, obtained through various research projects conducted by the Laboratory of Applied Genetics (Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute — National Research Institute, Radzików). Since 1st of February 2016 this research will be continued in the Laboratory of Plant Collection and Evaluation (National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute — National Research Institute, Radzików). Profile of the work involves improving winter wheat resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust.łównym celem dzisiejszej produkcji roślinnej jest uzyskanie jak najwyższego plonu przy jednoczesnej minimalizacji stosowania środków ochrony roślin. Uprawa odmian o korzystnych cechach gospodarczych, w tym również o wysokim potencjale ich plonowania, ściśle związana jest z ich odpornością. Hodowla odpornościowa zbóż dysponuje wieloma narzędziami genetyki klasycznej i molekularnej, które z powodzeniem mogą być wykorzystywane w celu uzyskania roślin odpornych na powszechnie występujące choroby zbóż. Celem pracy było przedstawienie piramid genowych, uzyskanych w ramach różnych projektów badawczych realizowanych przez Pracownię Genetyki Stosowanej (Zakład Genetyki i Hodowli Roślin, IHAR — PIB w Radzikowie), a od 1. lutego 2016 roku realizowanych w Pracowni Gromadzenia i Oceny Roślin (Krajowe Centrum Roślinnych Zasobów Genowych, IHAR — PIB w Radzikowie). Profil prowadzonych prac obejmuje między innymi poprawę odporności pszenicy ozimej na mączniaka prawdziwego i rdzę brunatną
Seed mass and aeed yield of six roses (Rosa L., Rosacear Adans.) from c entral russia (Republic of Mordovia)
No full textGenus Rosa L. is one of most critical taxa within European flora. Majority works is devoted to phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature of roses. Investigations of morphology and ecology of roses are still relatively few in number. The aim of this study was to evaluate seed mass and seed yield of six rose species (Rosa cinnamomea, R. spinosissima, R. rugosa, R. rubiginosa, R. glauca and R. canina) from populations in Central Russia (Republic of Mordovia). As a result of the study, it was revealed that Rosa rugosa has maximal number of seeds per rosehip among all investigated roses. Roses from section Caninae are characterized by large number of achenes per rosehip too. In contrast, among all investigated species, Rosa cinnamomea have most minimal seed yield. Origin of Rosa spinosissima population in Ruzaevka district (Republic of Mordovia, Central Russia) was proposed as uncertain according to number of seeds per rosehip. At first time, the seed mass of Rosa cinnamomea, R. glauca and R. rubiginosa was revealed
Ocena zawartości kannabinoidów wybranych odmian konopi Cannabis sativa L.
Get PDFThe study rated the cannabinoid content in hemp varieties of Cannabis sativa L. that have been obtained from Gene Bank of Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants in Poznań. The experiment with hemp was conducted in 2014 at the Experimental Farm in Pętkowo (Wielkopolska Region). After collecting the plant material analysis of the content of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) was performed in the six varieties of hemp of European and Asian origins. For these parameters correlation coefficients were calculated and analysis of variance was performed using the software STATISTICA 12. The results showed significant differences in the contents of THC and CBD, and the relationship between the two cannabinoid contents in the hemp varieties.W pracy oceniono zawartości kannabinoidów w odmianach konopi Cannabis sativa L., które zostały udostępnione z zasobów Banku Genów Instytutu Włókien Naturalnych i Roślin Zielarskich w Poznaniu. Doświadczenie z konopiami przeprowadzono w 2014 roku w Zakładzie Doświadczalnym Pętkowo (woj. wielkopolskie). Po zebraniu materiału roślinnego wykonano analizę zawartości Δ9-tetrahydrokannabinolu (THC) oraz zawartości kannabidiolu (CBD) w sześciu odmianach konopi pochodzenia europejskiego i azjatyckiego. Dla tych parametrów obliczono współczynnik korelacji i przeprowadzono analizę wariancji posługując się programem STATISTICA 12. Wyniki badań wykazały istotne zróżnicowanie w zawartościach THC i CBD oraz zależność pomiędzy badanymi zawartościami kannabinoidów w odmianach konopi
Właściwości chemiczne gleby lekkiej w ekologicznym systemie produkcji
Get PDFThe aim of investigation conducted in the years 2007–2014 was to estimate the chemical properties of a light soil (soil pH, content of organic carbon, total nitrogen, available forms of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese, zinc, copper, boron and iron) in organic crop rotation. The crop rotation included following agricultural plant species: potato, oat, buckwheat, legume-cereal mixture (yellow lupine with oat), rye. The source of nutrient components were: manure in dose of 25 t·ha-1 applied before the potato cultivation and manure in dose of 12.5 t·ha-1 applied before the oat cultivation, straw, biomass of intercrop plants (field pea, white mustard, serradella) and carbonate lime. The samples were taken from soil layer 0–20 cm in autumn every year. The analysis of soil chemical properties in laboratory of Agricultural Chemical Station was used. The improvement of soil reaction, stable levels of total nitrogen and organic carbon in the soil were stated. The content of magnesium and phosphorus increased in the course of eight years and is high, but potassium decreased and is low. The content of available forms of microelements: manganese, copper, boron and iron in the course of eight tested years increased while zinc decreased. The level of manganese and copper is medium but boron and iron is low.Celem badań przeprowadzonych w latach 2007–2014 była ocena zmian właściwości chemicznych gleby lekkiej (odczynu, zawartości węgla organicznego, azotu ogólnego, przyswajal¬nych form fosforu, potasu, magnezu oraz manganu, cynku, miedzi, boru i żelaza) w płodo¬zmianie ekologicznym. Zmianowanie obejmowało następujące gatunki roślin rolniczych: ziemniak, owies, gryka, mieszanka strączkowo-zbożowa (łubin żółty z owsem), żyto. Źródłem składników pokarmowych był obornik stosowany pod ziemniaki (25 t∙ha-1) i pod owies (12,5 t∙ha-1), przyorywana słoma i biomasa roślin międzyplonowych (peluszka, gorczyca biała, seradela), wapno węglanowe. Próbki glebowe z warstwy 0–20 cm pobierano jesienią każdego roku. Analizy chemiczne gleby wykonywano w laboratorium Stacji Chemiczno-Rolniczej. Stwierdzono poprawę odczynu gleby, stabilizację poziomu azotu ogólnego oraz węgla organicznego w glebie. Zawartość magnezu oraz fosforu w ciągu ośmiu lat wzrosła i jest wysoka, a potasu zmalała i jest na poziomie niskim. Zawartości przyswajalnych form mikroelementów: manganu, miedzi, boru i żelaza w kolejnych ośmiu latach badań wzrosły, a cynku zmalała. Poziom manganu i miedzi jest średni, a boru i żelaza niski
Odporność rodów hodowlanych pszenżyta ozimego na infekcję kłosa grzybem Fusarium culmoru
Get PDFThirty five lines of winter triticale with different genetic background and three cultivars were studied for resistance to the Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium culmorum and for the accumulation of toxins in the grain. Genotypes were sown in two locations: Cerekwica near Poznań and Radzików near Warsaw. At the time of full anthesis triticale heads were inoculated with the spore suspension of three strains of F. culmorum. Fusarium head blight index (FHBi), the percentage of kernels with visible symptoms of Fusarium damage and the levels of Fusarium toxins were evaluated. FHBi in Cerekwica (19.2 %) was higher than that in Radzików (11.0%). The correlation coefficient of head infection in both locations was r = 0.429. Fusarium kernel damage varied in both locations. In Cerekwica it was higher (38,7%) than in Radzików (23.3%). The content of the trichothecenes of group B in the grain was very high and average for both locations was 23.541mg/kg. Similarly, a very large amount of zearalenone was found and on average amounted to 1179 g/kg. The contents of ergosterol (on average 41.0 mg/kg) significantly correlated with kernel damage and Fusarium toxins concentrations. The tested genotypes of winter triticale were grouped on the basis of resistance to head and kernel infection and ergosterol and toxins concentrations in the grain. As a result of the principal component analysis, five triticale genotypes combining high levels of resistance of different types were identified.Badano 35 rodów pszenżyta ozimego o zróżnicowanym podłożu genetycznym oraz trzy odmiany pod względem odporności na fuzariozę kłosów powodowaną przez Fusarium culmorum oraz akumulacji toksyn fuzaryjnych w ziarnie. Genotypy wysiano w dwóch lokalizacjach: Cerekwica k. Poznania i Radzików k. Warszawy. W okresie pełni kwitnienia kłosy badanych genotypów inokulowano zawiesiną zarodników trzech szczepów F. culmorum. Określano indeks fuzariozy kłosów, procent ziarniaków uszkodzonych przez Fusarium oraz poziom toksyn fuzaryjnych w ziarniakach. Indeks fuzariozy kłosów w Cerekwicy (19,2%) był wyższy niż w Radzikowie (11,0%). Współczynnik korelacji porażenia kłosów w obu lokalizacjach wynosił r = 0,429. Porażenie ziarniaków było zróżnicowane w obu lokalizacjach. W Cerekwicy porażenie ziarna było wyższe (średnio 38,7%) niż w Radzikowie (średnio 23,3%). Zawartość trichotecenów z grupy B w ziarnie była bardzo wysoka i średnio dla obu lokalizacji wynosiła 23,541mg/kg. Podobnie stwierdzono bardzo duże ilości zearalenonu — średnio 1179 g/kg. Zawartość ergosterolu (średnio 41,0 mg/kg) istotnie korelowała z porażeniem ziarna i zawartością toksyn fuzaryjnych. Badane genotypy pszenżyta ozimego zostały pogrupowane na podstawie odporności na porażenie kłosa i porażenie ziarniaków oraz zawartości ergosterolu i toksyn fuzaryjnych w ziarnie. W wyniku statystycznej analizy składowych głównych wytypowano 5 najlepszych genotypów pszenżyta łączących wysoki poziom odporności różnych typów
Morfologia i anatomia systemu korzeniowego nowych odmian ziemniaka. Część I. Morfologia systemu korzeniowego
Get PDFThe purpose of this work was to assess the variability of morphology of the root systems of 17 potato cultivars and to consider a possible connection with their tolerance to high temperature and drought during growing season. The study was carried out in a greenhouse in 2014. Among the cultivars selected for the study ‘Tetyda’ was tolerant and ‘Aruba’ susceptible to these abiotic stresses. A device for the production of potato minitubers in aeroponics was used in the study. Measurements of root system properties were conducted at flowering period and at the beginning of tuberization. Significant differences were found among cultivars in terms of the maximum rooting depth, their fresh and dry matter and dry matter content in roots. Maximum rooting depth reached 109 cm. It was significantly positively correlated with the fresh matter of roots. A measure of the size of the potato plant root system used by most researchers is the dry matter of roots. In our study, it was from 0.93 to 4.78 g per plant depending on the cultivar and was highly correlated with the length of the stems and the fresh matter of above-ground part of plants. The dry matter content in roots ranged from 4.4% in the cultivar Miłek to 7.6% in the cultivar Tetyda with high tolerance to heat and drought stresses during the growing season. However, the demonstration of the relationship between tolerance of cultivars to these abiotic stresses during the growing season and the dry matter content in the roots will require further research.Celem pracy była ocena zmienności morfologii system korzeniowego 17 odmian ziemniaka i rozważenie ewentualnego związku z tolerancją na wysoką temperaturę i suszę w okresie wegetacji. Badania przeprowadzono w szklarni w roku 2014. Wśród wyselekcjonowanych do badań odmian ‘Tetyda’ była tolerancyjna i ‘Aruba’ wrażliwa na stres abiotyczny. Do badań systemu korzeniowego zostało wykorzystane urządzenie do aeroponicznej produkcji minibulw ziemniaka umieszczone w hali wegetacyjnej. Pomiary przeprowadzono w czasie kwitnienia roślin, czyli na początku ich tuberyzacji. Stwierdzono istotne różnice między odmianami pod względem głębokości zasięgu korzeni, ich świeżej i suchej masy oraz zawartości suchej masy w korzeniach. Maksymalny zasięg korzeni osiągał wartość 109 cm. Był on pozytywnie skorelowany ze świeżą masą korzeni. Miarą wielkości systemu korzeniowego roślin ziemniaka stosowaną przez większość badaczy jest sucha masa korzeni. W naszych badaniach wahała się od 0,93 do 4,78 g na roślinę zależnie od odmiany i była wysoce istotnie skorelowana z długością łodyg i masą części nadziemnej roślin. Zawartość suchej masy w korzeniach wynosiła od 4,4% u odmiany Miłek do 7,6% u odmiany Tetyda, o wysokiej tolerancji na stres abiotyczny w okresie wegetacji. Jednak wykazanie zależności między tolerancją odmian na stres wysokiej temperatury i suszy w okresie wegetacji a suchą masą korzeni będzie wymagało dalszych badań
ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE CHROMATOGRAPHY AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF SEPARATION OF POTATO Y VIRUS
Get PDFProcedures of separation of virus particles from a plant material are multistage. Furthermore often they are difficult in terms of methodology and require use of expensive, highly specialist equipment and yield of separation is often low. The antigen obtained is often degraded and contains admixtures of other proteins. Therefore, generation of high quality and specificity antibodies based on such antigen is very difficult and quality of the antibodies has impact on reliability, sensitivity and unambiguity of results of immunodiagnostic tests (e.g. ELISA) that are currently conventionally used to detect vegetable viruses. In this study three conventionallyperformed methods of separation of potato virus Y (PVY) were compared and a method of separation based on membrane chromatography, as an alternative separation technique, has been presented. It has been demonstrated that in proper process conditions good quality virus preparation can be obtained
Optimization of micropropagation by different concentration of vitamins and sucrose in St. John's Wort (Hypericum Perforatum)
No full textIn order to approach optimal micropropagation of Hypericum perforatum, it will be necessary to optimize shoot proliferation stage in in vitro culture. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of B group vitamins; Thiamine HCl, Pyridoxine HCl, Nicotinic acid (control and 100 fold of MS) and Sucrose (30 and 40 g.l-1) on shoot proliferation. For this purpose, Stems with one node were taken from in vitro shoots and cultured on MS medium. All cultures kept at 16h light/8h photoperiod and 25 ±2 oC in growth chamber. Results showed that the highest number of shoots and leaves were achieved when ex-plants cultured in media containing 40 g.l-1 sucrose with 100 fold of MS vitamins. The highest shoots and leaf length were obtained with medium supplemented with 30 g.l-1 sucrose. Nicotinic acid concentrations had an important role in length of the leaves. The highest number of nodes achieved in the media containing 40 g.l-1 sucrose with both concentrations of Nicotinic acid. After two month growing plantlets, light (LGN) and dark glands number (DGN) were counted. Maximum number of LGN was observed in the media containing 30 g.l-1 sucrose with 100 fold of Thiamine and Pyridoxine. However, The Highest number of DGN achieved in the media containing 40 g.l-1 sucrose with 100 fold of Thiamine or Pyridoxine. Increasing of sucrose and vitamins concentrations were efficiently improved in vitro proliferation and some morphological attributes without negative side effects. Therefore, use of high levels of sucrose and vitamins were useful on micro-propagation of Hypericum perforatum