Czasopisma Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
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PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENTS WITH SILICON NANO-IRON AND NANO-SILICON PARTICLES ON GERMINATION OF DRAGONHEAD
Get PDFNanotechnology is an emerging field of science widely exploited in agriculture in recent years. In this investigation, application of nanotechnology in agriculture via application of some nano-particles (nano-iron and nano-silicon) have been investigated in seed priming of dragonhead. Seeds were subjected to prehydration treatments by factor nano-silicon dioxide as; (S1) 0 mM or distilled water, (S2) 1 mM concentration and (S3) 2 mM concentration and and factor nano-iron oxide as; (F1) 0 Mm or distilled water, (F2) 1 mM concentration and (F3) 2 mM concentration. Germination percent, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root length, shoot length, dry weight of the seed residue, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant variation for the main effect of nano-silicon dioxide as well as nanoiron dioxide in root length and dry weight of the seed residue. The interaction effect of nano-silicon × nanoiron priming treatments were significant in all of the measured traits except germination percentage and root fresh weight. The highest germination percentage was recorded in S2-F3, S3-F1 and S3-F3 while the root fresh weight was high in S2-F3 and treatments S1-F1 following to S2-F3 and S3-F2 produced the highest shoot fresh weight. Also, S2-F3 has the highest root length (16.1 cm) and the highest shoot length (18.4 cm). The best treatment combination suitable for obtaining of high values of germination characteristics of dragonhead was identified as S2-F3 (1 mM nano-silicon dioxide plus 2 mM nano-iron dioxide)
CORRELATIONS AND HERITABILITY OF THE CHARACTERS DETERMINING THE SEED YIELD OF THE PANICLE INFLORESCENCE FORMS OF ALFALFA (MEDICAGO X VARIA T. MARTYN)
Get PDFPhenotypic correlation coefficients and heritability of the characters determining seed yield of panicle inflorescence forms of alfalfa was examined. Seed yield per plant, which was positively correlated with 10 generative and morphological traits, depended upon the number of pods per panicle and the number of seeds per pod. Variability of these characters determined about 60% of the variability of seed yield. Multiple linear regression and phenotypic correlations show that simultaneous selection for increased pod number per panicle and increased seed number per pod and number of branches per panicle resulted in enhanced seed yield potential. The share of the additive genetic effects in the phenotypic variance for number of pods per panicle was low and about 23%, while for number of seeds per pod and seeds per panicle amounted to about 75-77% and 56-57% respectively
DOES ILLUMINATION OF NON-MATURE CEREAL KERNELS DURING DRYING AFFECT THE GERMINATION ABILITY?
Get PDFThe principle of the market competitiveness of breeding companies implicates a fast production of new varieties. One way to achieve this goal brings single seed descent (SSD) methodology, which requires kernels collection (18-23 days after pollination) , fast drying amd germination. Seed drying conditions influence the germination. In present work the influence of lightings: Sanyo LED and incandescent lamp vs. dark control during drying were studied. Kernels were harvested 18 and 23 days after pollination of wheat, triticale and barley cultivars grown in the same field experiment in 2015. It was found that: • the germination ability of non-mature kernels depends on all studied factors: lighting during drying, terms of harvesting and the interaction light * term; • non mature kernelsare more sensitive to drying conditions; • lighting during seeds drying can have a positive effect on ability to germination; • for breeding practice it would be better to harvest kernels at 23 DAF and dry them at room conditions under incandescent lamp
THE LOSS OF VIGOUR AND SOWING VALUE OF YELLOW LUPIN SEEDS (LUPINUS LUTEUS L.) AS A RESULT OF MECHANICAL HARVESTING
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of mechanical harvest on the seed quality of yellow lupin. Two effects were studied: the cultivar of yellow lupin (the indeterminate cultivar - Mister and the determinate cultivar - Perkoz) and harvest methods: hand-picked plants with manual shelling of seeds as a control and mechanical shelling with a plot harvester. In comparison with manual shelling of seeds, the mechanical harvest reduced the seed germination and increased the number of abnormal seeds both cultivars. Determinate cultivar was more sensitive, because the loss of its quality was higher (germination of 10%) than indeterminate cultivar (6%). Perkoz had also higher electrical conductivity, with the mean value of 34.3 μS × cm-1 × g-1 . Manual shelled seeds were characterized by a significantly lower leakage of exudates (24.9 μS × cm-1 × g-1), and hence, it exhibited greater vigour than mechanical harvested seeds. Most relations of Pearson correlation coefficient between vigour tests and germination were strong or practically functional
PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CUO BULK AND NANOPARTICLES TO CASTOR (RICINUS COMMUNIS L.)
Get PDFThe rapidly increasing multifarious use of metallic nanoparticles in technology has necessitated evaluation of their impact on environmental, biotic and human health. The present study investigated the effects of different concentrations of bulk and nanosized CuO on seed germination and seedling growth of Ricinus communis in a randomized completely design with four replications. The experimental treatments included four concentrations of bulk CuO (10, 50, 100 and 500 ppm), four concentrations of nanosized CuO (10, 50, 100 and 500 ppm), and the control without CuO. The results indicate that only the weighted germination index and seedling dry biomass of Ricinus communis were significantly affected by the treatments. Other germination characteristics, plumule and radicle length, and seedling fresh weight were not significantly affected by bulk and nanosized CuO concentrations. It can be concluded that bulk and nanosized CuO in this cocentrations not toxic for germination and growth of Ricinus communis
ABA SENSITIVITY AS A CRITERION FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVARS
Get PDFCriteria used for evaluating drought tolerance of wheat cultivars demanding more time and efforts are usually not efficient and conclusive. Present study was conducted to evaluate ABA sensitivity as a criterion for evaluating drought tolerance of wheat cultivars at an early stage. Ten cultivars of wheat were subjected to drought at 3-leaf stage to select the most sensitive and two tolerant cultivars using mortality rate. Tatara was found the most susceptible whereas GA-2002 and Chakwal-50 were the cultivars with maximum drought tolerance. These cultivars were used to study sensitivity to applied absicic acid (based on germination index and relative growth inhibition rate) and physiological responses (leaf water content, chlorophyll stability index, coefficient of relative inhibition and proline accumulation) under drought stress. Highest ABAsensitivity was recorded in GA-2002 and Chakwal-50 whereas Tatara manifested minimum sensitivity. ABAsensitivity corresponded to physiological indices of drought tolerance. Results show that ABA-sensitivity is an efficient criterion that can be used to evaluate drought tolerance of wheat cultivars at early stage
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL AS A TOOL TO ASSESS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRAIN YIELD PER PLANT AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN DOUBLED HAPLOID SPRING BARLEY LINES (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to describe and characterize the relationships between yielding factors and grain yield per doubled haploid (DH) plant of spring barley as well as relation between yield components and duration of each stage of plant development. To describe these relations structure equation modeling was used. The study included plants of doubled haploid spring barley lines (Hordeum vulgare L.) derived from tworowed form of Scarlett cultivar. The SAS® system was used to analyze the model of relationships between grain yield per plant and yield components. Our results indicate that the number of spikes per plant and grain yield per spike had a direct and decisive influence on the grain yield of the investigated DH plants of spring barley. Based on the path model analysis it was found that the most important factor determining grain yield per DH plants of spring barley was the number of spikes per plant and the duration of tillering and shooting stages
EVALUATION OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM, L.) SEED QUALITY OF CERTIFIED SEED AND FARM- SAVED SEED IN THREE PROVINCES OF IRAN
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to study the seed quality aspects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the extent of weed seed contamination present in wheat seeds produced in different regions of Iran. Four districts (cities), each including 12 fields (six certified seed fields and six farm-saved seed fields), were selected in each regions (provinces). One kilogram of the wheat seed sample was collected from each field for analysis in the laboratory. Wheat seeding was commonly done by farm-saved seed sourced from within the farm due to the high costs of certified seeds purchased from outside sources, followed by the low seed quality. The use of a farm-saved seed resulted in a higher germination rate and a lower mean time to germination compared with another system. The more positive temperatures experienced by mother plants could decrease the number of normal seedling and seedling length vigor index. Generally there was virtually no difference about physiological quality between certified seed and farm- saved seed sector that is related to lower quality of certified seed. The certified produced seeds had the lower number of weed seed, species and genus before and after cleaning. The highest seed purity and 1000 seed weight was obtained from the certified seed production system. The need for cleaning the farm-saved seed samples before sowing is one of the important findings of this survey
Reakcja na wirus M ziemniaka (PVM) tetraploidalnych rodów ziemniaka
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to identify the response of potato clones (4x) to inoculation with two different strains of the Potato virus M (PVM). The resistance of the evaluated 15 tetraploid clones is derived from S. megistacrolobum and is connected to necrotic reaction governed by the gene Rm. For evaluation of resistance to the PVM, the mechanical inoculation and inoculation by grafting were applied. For the inoculation of potato plants, two strains of PVM were used, namely strain from potato cv. Uran (M-U) and strain from cv. Giewont (M55a). The tested clones and standard cultivars were checked for the presence of molecular markers GP 283 and GP 250, which are linked with the resistance gene Rm. The reaction of plants after inoculation with PVM was variable and depended on the plant genotype and the strain of the virus. The examined clones were divided into groups depending on the observed response to infection with PVM. The diversity and variability of this response indicate very complex conditioning of resistance to PVM and the "hypothetical” factor associated with gene Rm should be still sought.Celem pracy było określenie reakcji rodów 4x ziemniaka na dwa różne szczepy wirusa M ziemniaka (PVM). Odporność ocenianych 15 rodów tetraploidalnych, pochodząca od S. megistacrolobum związana jest z reakcją nekrotyczną warunkowaną obecnością genu Rm. Do oceny odporności na PVM zastosowano metodę inokulacji mechanicznej i przez szczepienie. Do zakażeń wykorzystano dwa szczepy: z odmiany Uran (M-U) oraz z odmiany Giewont (M55a). W badanych rodach i 3 odmianach wzorcowych sprawdzono obecność markerów molekularnych sprzężonych z genem Rm (GP 283 i GP 250). Reakcje roślin po zakażeniu wirusem M ziemniaka były bardzo zmienne i zależały od genotypu roślin i zastosowanego szczepu PVM. Rody podzielono na grupy w zależności od obserwowanej reakcji na zakażenie PVM. Różnorodność i zmienność reakcji wskazuje, iż uwarunkowanie odporności na PVM jest bardzo złożone i należy dalej poszukiwać „hipotetycznego” czynnika związanego z genem Rm
Odporność ziemniaka na suszę glebową i metody oceny
Get PDFThe aim of this review is to discuss the possibility of using different strategies of plant resistance in breeding work. From a physiological point of view, the plant resistance to soil drought is a result of dehydration avoidance or tolerance or both strategies. Plants usually developed one dominating strategy, the second one works supplementary. Plant sensitivity to drought may change with the developmental phase and may be modified by various environmental factors (acclimatization). Using different methods to assess the resistance of potato to soil drought, it is possible to choose genotypes resistant or susceptible to water shortages and assess their genetic variation. This paper describes a number of methods for assessment of the plants response to soil drought. It was found that the most commonly used parameters are based on the yield. Nevertheless the highest correlation between the physiological and agronomic indicators occurs at a time when a physiological marker is used during drought and will cover the most sensitive development stage of the plant.Celem niniejszego przeglądu literatury jest przedyskutowanie możliwości wykorzystywania różnych strategii odporności roślin w pracach hodowlanych. Z fizjologicznego punktu widzenia odporność roślin na suszę glebową polega na unikaniu lub tolerowaniu odwodnienia, przy czym zazwyczaj dominuje jeden rodzaj strategii, a drugi działa uzupełniająco. Wrażliwość roślin na suszę może zmieniać się wraz ze stadium rozwojowym, a także może być modyfikowana przez różnorodne czynniki środowiska (aklimatyzacja). Stosując różne metody oceny odporności ziemniaka na suszę glebową można wyodrębnić genotypy odporne i wrażliwe na niedobory wody oraz ocenić zakres zmienności genetycznej. W pracy opisano wiele metod oceny odporności roślin na suszę glebową. Stwierdzono, że najczęściej wykorzystywane są parametry oparte na wielkości plonu. Natomiast najwyższe korelacje pomiędzy wskaźnikami fizjologicznymi i agronomicznymi występują w momencie, kiedy wskaźnik fizjologiczny zostanie zastosowany w trakcie trwania suszy w naj¬bardziej wrażliwym stadium rozwojowym rośliny