Czasopisma Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
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EVALUATION OF THE LENGTH OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD OF THE POTATO
Get PDFPotato cultivars are classified into maturity groups according to the length of the vegetation period re-quired to produce a harvestable product. Although accurate classification of potato cultivars to a specific maturity group is of great practical importance, there is no standard method to characterize the maturity type of potato cultivars. In this work, the method of evaluation of vegetation period routinely used at IHAR-PIB, Młochów Research Center is described
SCREENING FOR POTATO RESISTANCE TO BLACKLEG AND SOFT ROT
Get PDFTwo diseases of the potato, blackleg of potato plants and soft rot of tubers, are caused by several species of pectinolytic bacteria which belong to two genera: Pectobacterium and Dickeya. Resistance to these bacteria is polygenic and the expression of resistance in tubers and plants is only partially related, as well as strongly dependent on the aggressiveness of the bacteria and on environmental factors. Two methods of assessing tuber and stem tissue resistance of potato cultivars and breeding lines are described
INTRODUCTION FROM THE EDITORS
Get PDFTwo volumes (75 and 76) of Plant Breeding and Seed Science consist of a collec-tion of protocols written by the scientists of the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – National Research Institute (IHAR-PIB). Twenty five articles provide a description of the methods used in our Institute for potato research and breeding.The first issue of the manual was published in 2001 in the Monografie and Rozprawy Naukowe IHAR journal (Issues 10, 10a,10b) in three languages: Polish, English and Russian. The interest in that publication was such that the edition was quickly exhausted. This fact was an inspiration for us to prepare a new and improved edition for the press. Volumes 75 and 76 comprise new protocols, which were not included in the previously published manual or include protocols published, but sig-nificantly modified in comparison to the previous version.The volume 75 includes the methods for evaluating potato quality traits (blackspot bruising after mechanical damage and enzymatic discoloration of tuber flesh, carote-noids content in potato tubers) and allelopathic potential of potato, as well for isolat-ing proteins from tubers and potato leaves, which have not been previously described in Monografie and Rozprawy Naukowe IHAR. There are also sections which focuses on potato pathogens, their identification, characteristics and maintenance of strain collections, as well as on methods for resistance assessment in potato breeding. The described pathogens include: potato viruses and pectinolytic bacteria causing tuber soft rot and blackleg disease.The volume 76 contains protocols for potato pathogen descriptions and assessment of resistance to potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.), Phytophthora infestans caus-ing late blight, Fusarium spp. causing tuber dry rot and Synchytrium endobioticum causing the potato wart disease.This volume also includes a scheme of potato breeding using tetraploid parental lines resistant to pathogens, in which phenotypic selection is supplemented by marker assisted selection (MAS). Maturity type is one of the leading traits in potato breeding, which is difficult to assess, thus a protocol for evaluation of this trait is described.The last part includes protocols related to the use of in vitro cultures in potato breeding (preservation of potato lines, storage of explants in liquid nitrogen and virus eradication from in vitro plants)
Dziedziczenie cechy zdeterminowanego wzrostu lucerny siewnej (Medicago sativa L.)
Get PDFThe aim of research was to explain mode of inheritance of the alfalfa spontaneous mutation that causes the formation of inflorescence on the stem top of the forms with long racemes, thus leading to termination of the plant growth. The inheritance of this character was studied in S1 and S2 progenies obtained by selfing a mutant plant, as well as in F1, F2 and F3 generations of hybrids obtained by crossing indeterminate plants with S2 mutant progenies. The analysis of segregation in the selfed progenies of the mutant plants and in F1 – F3 progenies of the hybrids showed that the determinate growth character is controlled by a single gene in the configuration of four recessive alleles ti ti ti ti (ti — top inflorescence).Obiektem badań była spontaniczna mutacja lucerny polegająca na wytwarzaniu kwiatostanów na wierzchołkach pędów form z długim gronem, prowadzącym w konsekwencji do zakończenia dalszego wzrostu roślin. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie sposobu dziedziczenia cechy zdeterminowanego wzrostu. Ocenę ekspresji tej cechy przeprowadzono w obrębie potomstw S1 i S2, pochodzących z samozapyleń rośliny zmutowanej oraz mieszańców F1, F2 i F3, uzyskanych ze skrzyżowania roślin o typowym, niezdeterminowanym pokroju z roślinami zmutowanymi. Analiza stosunków rozszczepień fenotypowych, przeprowadzona z użyciem testu chi-kwadrat wykazała, że cecha zdeterminowanego wzrostu lucerny warunkowana jest jednym genem w układzie czterech alleli recesywnych (ti ti ti ti)
DETECTION OF POTATO VIRUS Y (PVY) BY REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION LOOP-MEDIATED NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION (RT-LAMP)
Get PDFPotato virus Y (PVY), a type member of the genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae), is currently the most important virus infecting the potato crop. PVY is also a dangerous pathogen of the tomato, pepper, and tobac-co. The reverse transcription loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) is gaining recognition as a good alter-native to RT-PCR in diagnosing plant viruses. Here, we provide a detailed description of a simple protocol for fast and sensitive detection of PVY by the RT-LAMP assay, which can be easily adapted to detect other plant pathogens, harboring both RNA and DNA genomes
Hordeum bulbosum — jako źródło efektywnej odporności na rdzę karłową jęczmienia
Get PDFLeaf rust caused by fungus Puccinia hordei has a great economic importance. Bulbous barley grass (Hordeum bulbosum L.), is the member of the secondary barley genepool. In the presented study, 26 recombinant lines obtained from crosses of barley cultivars of H. vulgare and H. bulbosum were tested with 8 differential isolates of leaf rust. Based on screening tests it was concluded that resistance to leaf rust was present in 22 from total 26 recombinant lines. Outstanding resistance to leaf rust was identified in 7 lines. These lines showed resistance reaction 0 for inoculation with all isolates used. However, based on resistance reaction we concluded that 9 lines may have had more than one resistance gene because they expressed different resistance reactions. For 2 lines we postulated presence of one or more resistance genes expressed as resistance reaction 2. In addition, expression of resistance reaction 2 is showing also a possibility for the presence in these lines of some level of partial resistance. Barley cultivars used as parents showed lack of resistance. It confirms that resistance loci present in tested recombinant lines originated from H. bulbosum parents. Based on results it may be concluded that leaf rust resistance identified in recombinant lines may represent new unique type of resistance. Hybrid lines with identified resistance to leaf rust originating from H. bulbosum can be used in breeding programmes to provide farmers with cultivars with highly effective resistance to this disease.Rdza karłowa jęczmienia powodowana przez grzyb Puccinia hordei jest chorobą o dużym znaczeniu gospodarczym i ekonomicznym. Jęczmień bulwiasty (Hordeum bulbosum L.) stanowi pulę genetyczną jęczmienia II rzędu. Analizowano podatność/odporność 26 linii rekombinacyjnych otrzymanych w wyniku krzyżowania jęczmienia zwyczajnego (Hordeum vulgare L.) i H. bulbosum na 8 izolatów P. hordei. Otrzymane wyniki pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie 22 linii z genami odporności, w tym 7 linii wysoce odpornych o typie reakcji 0 na wszystkie izolaty. Spośród badanych linii 9 miało więcej niż jeden gen odporności. Dla 2 linii była postulowana obecność przynajmniej jednego genu warunkującego reakcję typu 2, która może świadczyć o odporności częściowej tych obiektów. Podatność odmian rodzicielskich H. vulgare potwierdza pochodzenie odporności badanych linii od H. bulbosum. Bazując na otrzymanych wynikach można stwierdzić, że są to nieznane geny odporności. Odporne linie rekombinacyjne H. bulbosum × H. vulgare są dobrym materiałem wyjściowym dla programów hodowlanych mających na celu uzyskanie nowych wysoce odpornych na choroby odmian jęczmienia uprawnego
FIELD EVALUATION OF POTATO RESISTANCE AGAINST PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS UNDER NATURAL INFECTION PRESSURE
Get PDFAlthough development of potato cultivars resistant to late blight has long been one of the primary goals of potato breeding programs, several different methods of field resistance evaluation have been used by potato breeders. Recently, within the EucaBlight network (www.euroblight.net), common methods of late blight evaluation have been agreed on, and these methods are currently highly recommended for use by all those interested in evaluating the resistance of the potato to late blight. Here, we describe a method of evaluating potato resistance in field conditions routinely used at Młochów Research Center, which is compliant with recommendations of the EucaBlight protocol
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND PRESERVATION OF FUSARIUM SPP. CAUSING DRY ROT OF POTATO TUBERS
Get PDFFungi of the genus Fusarium cause dry rot, a potato disease which develops during long-term storage of tubers. The disease-inducing capabilities differ among Fusarium spp., but may also vary within species uni-versally considered main dry rot agents. Identification of Fusarium spp. present on diseased tubers in a surveyed area can help minimize crop losses and mycotoxin contamination by, for example, applying proper fungicides or planning crop rotation. Here, we present a procedure of obtaining single spore colonies of Fusarium spp. from potato tubers infected by dry rot, their identification using molecular methods and ways of preservation
EVALUATION OF POTATO CULTIVARS AND BREEDING LINES FOR CAROTENOIDS CONTENT IN TUBERS
Get PDFThe potato is one of the most common elements of everyday human diet due to its high nutritional and culinary value. Potato tubers provide mainly energy in the form of carbohydrates and also some other nu-trients, which include carotenoids as compounds linked to oxidation-preventing mechanisms. The main assi-milable carotenoids present in cultivated potato are lutein and zeaxanthin. Potato cultivars rich in carotenoids are a subject of increasing consideration in breeding for improvement of the nutritional quality of tubers. The paper describes the spectrophotometric method of evaluation of total and individual carotenoids content in potato tubers
COLLECTION OF POTATO VIRAL PATHOGENS, ITS VALIDATION AND MAINTENANCE
Get PDFIHAR – PIB collection of potato viral pathogens has been maintained since 1970s. Currently there are 258 isolates in the collection representing 12 potato viruses, named PVY, PVM, PVS, PLRV, PVA, PVX, PAMV, BMYV, TBRV, AMV, CMV and TRV. The viruses are maintained in potato plants in vivo in the greenhouse (246 isolates), in potato plantlets cultured in vitro (12 isolates), in frozen leaves (two copies each of the 246 isolates) and in freeze-dried tissue (234 isolates)