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Analysis of two hybrid schemes to solve the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) equation
Full text linkIn this research, we compare and contrast two numerical methods, the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) and the Elzaki Projected Differential Transform Method (EPDTM), for solving the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) equation, and this helps in evaluating their performance, assessing robustness, gaining insights into solution behavior, validating results, generalizing their applicability, and advancing the field. This rigorous comparisons validates the efficacy of the methods as we compare the exact results and the results of LADM and EPDTM, plotting the convergent of the two methods to identify the method that is highly convergent and accurate. Results identify the Elzaki Projected Differential Transform Method (EPDTM) as having a simple and accurate numerical method for solving the BBM equation. EPDTM enhances accessibility, computational efficiency, accuracy, robustness, and validation of the solutions, supporting the understanding and analysis of wave phenomena described by the BBM equation. This study contributes to the advancement of the field of numerical analysis and computational science as practical applications of BBM equation in various fields, including coastal engineering, wave modeling, and wave stability analysis cannot be over emphasize
Optimization of TIG welding parameters for enhanced mechanical properties of Al 7075 weldments
Full text linkAl 7075 alloy is widely used in aerospace, automotive, and other high-performance industries due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio and mechanical properties. However, its weldability, particularly using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, presents significant challenges, including softening of the weld zone, solidification cracking, and the formation of defects in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). These challenges degrade mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and ductility, limiting the use of Al 7075 in critical welded applications. This study investigates the optimization of TIG welding parameters to improve the mechanical performance of Al 7075 weldments. A systematic experimental approach was employed, where key TIG welding parameters, including current (ranging from 120A to 180A), gas flow rate, and heat input, were varied to assess their effects on weld quality. Two plate thicknesses, 6mm, and 16mm, were utilized to explore the influence of material thickness on mechanical properties. Mechanical testing, including hardness, and tensile strength, was performed to quantify the impact of welding parameters. The findings demonstrate that the welding current has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of Al 7075 weldments. For both the 6mm and 16mm thick plates, moderate welding currents, particularly around 150A to 160A, resulted in the best overall mechanical performance. The 6mm plate exhibited a peak tensile strength of 325 MPa at 160A, with minimal hardness reduction in the weld center (18%), weld zone (28%), and HAZ (9.5%). The 16mm plate demonstrated a peak tensile strength of 290 MPa at 160A, with hardness reductions of 25%, 22.2%, and 9% in the weld center, weld zone, and HAZ, respectively. Excessively high currents (170A to 180A) resulted in increased hardness reduction and reduced tensile strength due to overheating and excessive thermal softening. Overall, 160A was found to be the optimal welding current for both plate thicknesses, balancing heat input, and weld quality
Learners’ Perspectives and Experiences on the Factors Influencing Speaking: A Systematic Review
Full text linkThis article reviews recent publications (n=23) on learners’ perspectives and experiences on the factors influencing speaking. We downloaded articles using keywords such as “improving speaking skills,” “learners’ experiences on improving speaking,” “factors influencing speaking,” and “learners' perception of the factors influencing speaking” from different databases like Google Scholar and ERIC. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework, we extracted findings from articles on learners’ perceptions and experiences on factors influencing speaking and methodological trends applied in the selected studies. First, we categorized factors affecting speaking performance into sociocultural, pedagogical, linguistic, and psychological as per the perspectives and experiences of the learners. Then, we conducted the methodological review. The review result showed that the selected articles employed qualitative approaches, questionnaires, and interviews for data collection and thematic analysis to interpret the data. The review indicated that few studies are conducted in the Nepali context focusing on the learners’ perspectives and experiences on the factors influencing speaking. The underrepresentation of these issues needs to be addressed to enable learners and instructors to develop effective strategies for enhancing speaking skills
Supervising Dissertations of Struggling Research Scholars: An Autoethnographic Inquiry
Full text linkIn this autoethnographic study, I explore research scholars' emotional and psychological challenges while preparing their dissertations. To gather data, I reflect on my experience supervising three M Phil in English Language Education students at a university in Nepal. These scholars faced difficulties from the initial stages of preparing their dissertation proposals to defend their dissertations and went through a range of experiences, from trauma to satisfaction. To better understand the scholars' perspectives on dissertation writing, I examined McCann and Pearlman's (1990) theory of vicarious trauma, Astin's (1999) theory of person and environment, and Bronfenbrenner's (1979) theory of ecological models of human development. The study revealed that scholars often experience depression and trauma at certain stages of dissertation writing. This study highlights the crucial role of the supervisor, not just in academic matters but also in the mental well-being of scholars. The insights contribute to the discourse on how personal characteristics and environmental factors influence an individual's academic development. It emphasizes the importance of the supervisor's role in understanding scholars' needs and interests to create a suitable research environment for struggling scholars
A mathematical model investigating the impact of campaign program on the pattern of transmission of anemia in pregnant women
Full text linkAnemia, a pervasive global health issue, is on the rise across the globe, impacting both developing and wealthy nations. Anemia, a hematological condition, can manifest at any point in life and is prevalent among pregnant individuals. The worldwide incidence of anemia among women of reproductive age is around 29.4%, with over 40% of pregnant women being affected. Anemia is a widespread issue that significantly contributes to illness and death, particularly in regions where malaria is prevalent. Anemia during pregnancy has a substantial effect on both the health of the fetus and the mother. Anemia has been identified as the cause of 20% of maternal fatalities in Africa. Iron deficiency is the primary cause of anemia. This research presents a comprehensive model that describes the dynamics of anemia in pregnant women and their fetus. The population is categorized into three classes: susceptible, impacted, and treated. A control factor that varies or changes over time, namely a campaign program, is being investigated. The model exhibits an equilibrium point and the stability of such points is assessed. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the equilibrium point is conducted to identify the crucial parameters. Numerical simulations are conducted to observe the dynamic behavior of the model. Evidence demonstrates that the marketing program is successful in reducing the advancement of diseases. The implementation of an early accelerated campaign program greatly reduces the number of pregnant patients, as well as the yearly miscarriages and fatalities. However, discontinuing the applied treatment may reverse this positive outcome and increase the burden. Findings also suggest that the implementation of control measures helps to minimize the prevalence of anemia but may not eliminate the condition
Nepal's rapid rural electrification achievement: A review
Full text linkNepal has been able to accelerate electricity access to rural areas very rapidly from early 2000s. Though the existing literature provides insights into the factors, enablers, challenges, and institutional models influencing rural electrification in Nepal, there is currently very little assessment of the specific factors that led to Nepal’s rapid rural electricity access in the first two decades of this century. This review paper investigates what spurred this rapid rural electrification in Nepal. The study employs a literature review approach and uses the multi-level perspective and energy justice frameworks for a holistic interpretation of findings of the literature review. Analysis of the findings from the literature review indicate that Nepal's rapid electrification can be assessed primarily through the perspectives of governance and policies. The discussion also touches on the institutional context, the politics surrounding the electrification transition, and policy innovations. The effectiveness of the polices is also analysed through an energy justice perspective. The analysis highlights challenges and disparities in geographical distribution and energy justice. The paper argues that Nepal’s rural electricity access was boosted by political and socio-economic conditions, like advent of democracy and large-scale foreign employment, and was propelled by innovative government policies for grid based and off-grid rural electrification. However, it also concludes that work still needs to be done from an energy justice perspective to bring about geographical and economic equity in the effort
An overview of incorporating steel mill scale in the production of sustainable concrete
Full text linkThe rise in construction and infrastructural development has severely impacted the level of natural source utilization employed in concrete production leading to an astronomical increase in the cost of construction, scarcity of materials and other environmental concerns. The need to preserve our natural resources while mitigating the cost of concrete production has therefore triggered the search for alternative concrete producing materials. In this review, a critical look at the potential of incorporating steel mill scale in concrete production has been examined. Literature analysed confirmed it's suitability as waste that can be employed in the production of sustainable concrete. It's pulverisation makes it suitable for cement replacement showing that it falls into the class C fly ash of low pozzolanity. The optimal level of steel mill scale replacement is between 10%-30%, although at 100% replacement steel mill scale concrete has been reported to outperform control specimens. Steel mill scale incorporation produces concrete with high specific gravity and consequently high density, improved mechanical, water absorption and durability properties while negatively impacting the workability of concrete. For a wider application, much research is required so as to raise awareness among construction professionals
Struggles of Women Teachers: A Narrative Inquiry
Full text linkWomen teachers struggle to fit into their family responsibilities and the workplace; often, they cannot perform well while trying to balance both. Against this backdrop, this study aims to explore the experiences of women teachers to understand their professional struggles in their workplace. It is a qualitative study, where I purposively selected four women teachers from Far-West (Kailali) as my research participants. They teach in private and public schools. I interviewed them to collect the information required for this study. Simultaneously, I recorded and transcribed the data, then coded, categorized, and thematized them as patterns emerged. The study indicates the gender discrimination in the workplace and home of women teachers and the difficulty for them to balance their work life and responsibilities at home. The findings reveal that most women teachers have left their jobs to look after their families and children, and after a few years of gap, they struggle to find a job. A flexible policy can help women teachers sustain themselves in teaching jobs
A Critical Analysis of the English Textbook of Class Eight in Bangladesh
Full text linkThis critical analysis evaluates the English for Today (Class Eight) textbook used in Bangladesh, focusing on its effectiveness in enhancing language skills for eighth-grade students. The textbook, designed to improve reading, writing, listening, and speaking abilities, combines language study with practical use. While it emphasises collaborative learning and integrates historical insights, offering a comprehensive approach, the analysis identifies areas for improvement. The text praises the book's innovative tasks, such as dialogues and recipes, promoting conversational skills and real-life applications. However, it highlights the need for more advanced vocabulary and challenging exercises to enhance analytical and critical thinking skills. The review recommends enriching vocabulary, diversifying exercises, and upgrading content with the exam patterns to better prepare students for higher grades. The analysis anticipates the challenges of the upcoming textbook revision, emphasising the importance of addressing current shortcomings to enhance English language education in Bangladesh and aligning it with international standards. The study concludes by recognising students' eagerness to learn English, underscoring the vital role of curriculum improvements in preparing them for a globally competitive futur
Impact on water sources due to land use and land cover change in Chitwan district, Nepal
Full text linkRapid urbanization and unplanned infrastructures are stressing the drinking water sources, primarily due to land use and land cover changes (LULCC). Rapid population increases water demand and is straining water resources. This study aims to analyze LULCC from 1991 to 2020 and explore its impact on 23 regular used drinking water sources in Ratnanagar and Kalika municipality in Chitwan district. ArcGIS 10.8 classified five different classes in the images compiled from Landsat 5 and 8. Supervised classification with Maximum Likelihood algorithm was used with 30 signatures for each class as training samples. After the calculation of producer's accuracy and user's accuracy, accuracy assessment of classified images based on the ground truth points in 2020 Google earth images shows that kappa coefficient was 0.892 and overall accuracy was 91.67%. Over a period of 30 years, tree cover, agricultural, and water body areas have decreased by 15.18 %, 2.94 %, and 0.08 %, respectively while built-up and barren land have increased by 7.09 % and 11.11 % correspondingly. Secondary data from 30 years shows the population growth in study area was about 400% and 337.12 mm per decade reduction of precipitation. Increased built-up area has reduced the surface area for percolation of water. Uncontrolled LULCC, urbanization, and local climatic phenomenon have threatened the drinking water sources. Implementing the principles of resilient and sustainable urbanization, sustainable land use practices, climate resilient water safety tools and adequate investment in water sources protection can be a sustainable approach to address LULCC