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Foundations of Geometry-IV
Get PDFDOI: 10.3126/kuset.v5i1.2855
Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.5, No.1, January 2009, pp 151-153
 
A Comprehensive Survey on On-line Handwriting Recognition Technology and its Real Application to the Nepalese Natural Handwriting
Get PDFHandwriting Recognition Technology has been improving much under the purview of pattern recognition and image processing since a few decades. This paper focuses on the comprehensive survey on on-line handwriting recognition system along with the real application by taking Nepali natural handwriting (a real example of one of the cursive handwritings). The survey mainly includes pre-processing, feature vector and similarity measures in between the non-linear 2D sequences of coordinates, and their effective applications. A very highlighting topic "Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm'' (DTW) is introduced, which has been popular in determining the distance between two non-linear sequences ranging from handwriting to speech recognition. Besides these contemporary research issues/areas, stroke number and order free Nepalese natural handwritten recognition system is presented in the second step.
Writing one's own style brings unevenness in writing units, which is the most difficult part to classify. Writing units reveal number, shape, size, order of stroke, and speed in writing. Variation in the number of strokes, their order, shapes and sizes, tilting angles and similarities among characters from one another are the important factors, which are to be considered in classification for Nepali. This paper utilizes structural properties of those alphanumeric characters, which have variable writing units. It uses a string of pen tip's positions and tangent angles of every consecutive point as a feature vector sequence of a stroke. We constructed a prototype recognizer that uses the DTW algorithm to align handwritten strokes with stored strokes' templates and determine their similarity. Separate system is trained for original and preprocessed writing samples and achieved recognition rates of 85.87% and 88.59% respectively. This introduces novel real time handwriting recognition on Nepalese alphanumeric characters, which are independent of number of strokes, as well as their order
Approximation of the Conjugate of a Function Belonging to the Means of the W (Lᴾ , ξ (t)) Class by (N, Pₙ) (E, 1) Conjugate Series of the Fourier Series
No full textIn this paper, a theorem concerning the degree of approximation of the conjugate of a function belonging to W (Lᴾ , ξ (t)) Class by (N, Pₙ) (E, 1) means of its conjugate series of a Fourier series has been proved
In Vitro Drug Release Studies from a Novel Lyophilised Nasal Dosage Form
Get PDFIn vitro release of nicotine hydrogen tartrate (NHT) into phosphate buffer saline (PBS), pH 7.4 at 37°C was studied in a diffusion cell, which, with a minimal dissolution volume on the donor side, was intended to mimic the low hydration environment of the nasal mucosa. Lyophilisates prepared from different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 & 3% w/w) of Methocel K4MP solution and K100LVP, K15MP, K100MP solutions (1 & 2%) containing NHT were placed on the diffusion cell membrane which was maintained just in contact with the constantly agitated liquid phase of the receptor compartment. Samples were withdrawn at regular time intervals from the receptor compartment, replaced by fresh medium and analysed spectrophotometrically at 260nm after appropriate dilution. As controls, nicotine release profiles from NHT powder & aqueous solution, Methocel K solutions, and simple powder blends of K4MP were also measured. The nicotine release was dependent on the concentration of Methocel K polymer, whether the donor side of the cell was presented with a solution or lyophilisate of NHT in polymer. Nicotine release decreased with increasing polymer concentration (t50% = 25 min and 75 min for lyophilisate prepared from 1% and 3% w/w K4MP respectively). However at any polymer concentration, nicotine release was faster from solution than from lyophilisate. The difference in nicotine release between solution and lyophilisate became more prominent at higher polymer concentration. Interestingly, nicotine release was independent of Methocel K molecular weight. In vitro nicotine release took place by anomalous diffusion
Cell Growth Prediction for Bacillus Licheniformis Through Artificial Neural Network at Simultaneous Multiple Variation in Concentration of Nutrients in Media
Get PDFIn the cell growth and metabolite production, the selection of nutrients and determination of its concentrations in the cultivation media is very important step for commercially viable products. Formulation of media requires lot of experiments and so time consuming and tedious. The conventional methods also involves errors. To eliminate the error involved and to reduce the number of experiments a new has been tried in the media formulation and optimization. The application of Artificial Neural Network for the prediction of effect of nutrients in the media on cell growth of Bacillus licheniformis has been presented in this work. Ten different medias used were prepared by simultaneous multiple and randomly variation of the concentration of the components in the selected range. The medias were composed of starch, peptone and various selected salts. The cell concentrations were determined at various media composition. An Artificial Neural Network was prepared to use the nutrient concentrations as signal input and cell concentrations as output. Once the network was trained, the results showed its ability to model biochemical nonlinear processes and could be used for the selection and optimization of media composition
Fujita Ban Analysis of Some Substituted Glutamamides
Get PDFIntroduction: Like glucose, glutamine is a major substrate for the cancer cell. Glutamine supplies the major portions of nitrogen atoms in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Numerous studies on glutamine metabolism in cancer show that glutamic acid and glutamine analogs may be developed as future anticancer agents. A QSAR study was performed on some previously synthesized glutamine analogs to understand the substitutional requirements for their anticancer activity. Twenty-eight 1,5-N, N’-disubstituted-2-(substituted benzenesulphonyl) glutamamides were considered and the QSAR study was performed using the Fujita-Ban model, which does not require the use of physico-chemical parameters. A software Tanagra v1.4 was used to calculate the contribution of substituents to biological activity by PLSR analysis. A good QSAR model was obtained considering the biological activity of 25 analogs (3 compounds were not considered as they gave a poor r2 value of 0.66) as evidenced by the statistical data (r=0.823, s=0.049067). The study helps to understand the relationship of the chemical structure of the glutamine analogs with the anticancer activity in a lucid manner and may be helpful in the synthesis of future glutamine analogs with better biological activity
Thermoregulation through Skin at Low Atmospheric Temperatures
Get PDFThe metabolic heat generation decreases exponentially if the persistence of cooling in human body is sustained. This phenomena is under consideration in dermis and subcutaneous tissue to study the exact solution of temperature distribution in dermal layers at low atmospheric temperatures. Other suitable variable physiological conditions are taken and the solution has been obtained using laplace tranform in one dimensional case
Parseval's Identity for Low-Dimensional Nilpotent Lie Groups G5,1, G5,2, G5,3 and G5,5
Get PDFWe prove the Parseval's identity for low-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups such as G5,1, G5,2, G5,3 and G5,5 respectively which are important for proving Hardy uncertainty principles type result
A Critical Evaluation and Comparison of Four Manufacturing Similation Softwares
Get PDFAn increase in the use of simulation as a modeling and analysis tool has resulted in a growing number of simulation software products in the market. Companies are seeking advice about the desirable features of software for manufacturing simulation, depending on the purpose of its use. Because of this, the importance of an adequate approach to simulation software evaluation and comparison is apparent. This paper presents a critical evaluation of several widely used manufacturing simulators: ProModel, AutoMod, HyperMesh and ProcessModel. Following a review of research into simulation software evaluation, an evaluation and comparison of the above simulators is performed. The main purpose of this evaluation and comparison is to discover the suitability of certain types of simulators for particular purposes
Access Control Secure to Restricted Information Resources for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks
Get PDFInformation security has been one of the most sensible issues when designing communications systems; especially when this information is cataloged as confidential. The present document deals with a secure system that let you get access to privileged data, when the medium access is a wireless network based on IEEE 802.11 standards.
The system designed is conformed by three main functions, which capture the first http request and forward it to an authentication server; the server validates the user’s identity in order to give access to the information resources. The control access entity determines which users are allowed or denied from the system. These functions are performed by a Captive Portal, an authentication Server and an Access Point