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Radiation Measurement at X-Ray Centres of a few Hospitals in Kathmandu City, Nepal
Get PDFThe ionizing radiation has hazardous health effects upon human exposure. Different types of cancers are reported to be arising on account of overt exposure to ionizing radiation like X-rays. This study reports occupational exposure as well as general exposure to the public and persons visiting radiology department in hospitals of Kathmandu city for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A portable environment radiation monitor was used to quantify the total radiation in places of work in the X-ray departments of 13 hospitals located in different parts of city. The findings show increased exposure and in some instances very high levels of unintentional exposure to radiation.
DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v3i2.2895
Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.3, No.2, August 2007, pp 31-3
Synthetic pyrethroides multiresidue in grapes from southern India
Get PDFPyrethroid is a mixture of pyrethrum I and pyrethrum II, extracted from the plant Chrysanthemum and is used for ultra low volume applications. Pyrethroids may have a range of toxic effects on humans and as a result, careful control of Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) in foodstuff is warranted. Twenty two samples of grapes were procured from Bangalore City Markets in 2007 with the objective of determining the contamination of _-cypermethrin and fenvalerate residues. The samples were extracted by Multiresidue Method and determined by Gas chromatography using ECD (Electron Capture Detector). Average recoveries ranged from 73.5 to 83.5%. The results showed that all the samples were contaminated with pesticides and urban consumers are at a risk of purchasing fresh fruits because of higher levels of residues, beyond the MRL as defined by the FAO/WHO, and grapes committee. The screening also showed higher concentration of cypermethrin in comparison to fenvalerate residue
Common Fixed Point for Weakly Compatible Maps in Metric Space
Get PDFA common fixed point theorem involving two pairs of weakly compatible mappings is proved under a Lipschitz type contractive condition, which is independent of the known contractive definitions.
Keywords: fixed point; complete metric space; weakly compatible maps.
DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v3i2.2893
Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.3, No.2, August 2007, pp 21-2
Slope mass rating in middle mountain of Nepal: a case study on landslide at Rabi VDC Opi Village, Kavre
Get PDFThe study landslide area lies on Opi Village Development Committee (VDC) of Kavre district at the north west (about 3 km) of Dhulikhel Bazar and North east (about 4km) from Banepa Bazar of Nepal. The area is composed of rocks of Bhimphedi group of lesser Himalayan crystalline. The rock on this group comprises Precambrian green schists metamorphosed rocks of schist quartzite and few marble horizons. Geomorphologically, the failure site is located in between a stream gully on the toe and residual soil on the crown. Field observation, attitude measurements, sampling and lab analysis and GPS mapping are the main methods to find the dimension and characteristics of the landslide.
It is found that there are few major discontinuities that play the role for the rock/soil slides around the area. In the field measurement the orientation of the rock foliation around the area is 220°/35°. The major discontinuities are 205°/40° and 150°/60°. These joint sets play the main role to the plane as well as wedge failures around the area.
Slope Mass Rating (SMR) is calculated based on values of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), other joints and slope orientation. The calculated value of SMR is 34, which indicates the calculated value lies on IV class (Bad), unstable having planner or big wedges failure of SMR and needs to be corrective measures in the slope. The calculated result matches the site condition and characteristics of the Opi land slides
Foundation of vortex gravitation, cosmology and cosmogony
Get PDFA hypothesis is proposed concerning the cause of the origin of universal gravitation. This cause consists in a system of the ether vortex rotations. Physical and mathematical grounds are described and the formula for the determination of the space gravitation forces is deduced. On the basis of the vortex gravitation, the principles of creation and existence of the celestial bodies are shown. Methods of the use of the vortex gravitation properties for the space flight projection are proposed
Unique Fixed Point Theorem for Weakly C-Contractive Mappings
Get PDFIn this work we introduce the class of weakly c-contractive mappings. We establish that these mappings necessarily have unique fixed points in complete metric spaces. We support our result by an example. Our result also generalises an existing result in metric spaces
Current Status of Cut Flower Business in Nepal
Get PDFIn this article an attempt has been made to cover all the aspects of cut flower business including the present scenario, prospects and different factors which need to be improved in order to meet the expected standards. This report offers the information regarding the status of current market, area of production and demands of different cut flowers such as carnation, gerbera, gladiolus and rose in Nepalese market, which facilitates persons to make up their mind to figure out the floriculture business in Nepal. Cut flower business has flourished in Nepal compared to yesteryears, but the development is not sufficient to fulfill the demand of consumers. The production decreases during the winter season in comparison to summer season. This article also includes list of numbers of producers, their position in the market and the situation of consumer. The export and import data of few years has also been illustrated. It gives the brief information regarding annual production of these flowers, present price per stick and its demand in domestic and international market
Traditional Knowledge on Wild Fiber Processing of Allo in Bhedetar of Sunsari District, Nepal
Get PDFIn Bhedetar village in the eastern Sunsari district, rai, magar and tamang people, indigenous to the eastern hills of Nepal, have found an ingenious use for the allo plant (Girardiana diversifolia). They have culturally and socially determined uses for the plant as food, fodder and medicine, but they have also been earning their livelihood by making fabric and clothing from this plant. At the local level, they derive allo fibers from the plant to make sacks, bags, coarse clothes, fishnets and namlo (headstraps to carry load) which is sold in the local market or in some cases is bartered for food or other necessary items in some rural communities. On a more macro level, the allo fibers are outsourced to the capital city of Kathmandu where various items made from allo fiber are prepared and exported from Nepal as handlooms and handicrafts
Environmental Impact Assessment System in Nepal - An Overview of Policy, Legal Instruments, and Process
Get PDFEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the major instruments integrated with a goal of making economic development projects environmentally sound and sustainable. The use of EIA began in 1970 in the USA and spread rapidly throughout the world, particularly after the UN Earth Summit held in 1992. To enable such issues to be taken into account in decision-making, it was necessary to introduce a systematic procedure of EIA. Therefore, to date, many countries of the world have a legal and institutionalized system of EIA. In the planning history of Nepal, the Sixth Plan (1980-'85) for the first time recognized the need for EIA integration for major infrastructure projects. The government of Nepal enunciated environment conservation-related policies in the Seventh Plan (1985-90). In order to enforce this policy, a series of guidelines were developed incorporating the elements of environmental factors right from the project formulation stage of development plans. Environmental Assessment Guideline 1993 was the first “lesson learnt” document in Nepal which has played a facilitation role in the EIA process. Until then, international obligations, conventions, guidelines, treaties applied for the environmental and biodiversity conservation measures at the policy level.
Inspired by the international conventions, treaties, and planned EIA process internationally; the Nepal government has established an EIA system for developmental projects with the formulation of Environmental Protection Rules 1997 as well as sectoral policy, laws, and guidelines. Based on the formulated Act, regulations, and guidelines, criteria for IEE/EIA has established that the development projects certainly require environmental assessment study as per the nature of the projects unless they cross the given threshold for the disruption of environmentally sensitive areas and their natural environment. Leafing the policies and legal instruments of the country, now the ongoing EIA system has a big challenge towards environmental management and biodiversity conservation for sustainable development
Electrical and Optical Characterization of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Produced in Atmospheric Air
Get PDFhis paper reports the results concerning the production of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure air and its electrical and optical characterization. The discharge was produced by applying high voltage AC source of frequency (10-30) kHz and potential difference of (0-20) kV across the electrodes. The discharge was characterized by measuring current and voltage with a high frequency digital oscilloscope. The optical characterization was made by taking the spectrums of discharge by optical emission spectrometer. The optical spectra in the range of 200 nm to 450 nm have been analyzed in order to estimate the electron temperature by intensity ratio method. Results showed that the electron temperature is about 1.9 eV