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Fault detection and diagnosis for continuous stirred tank reactor using neural network
Get PDFThe paper focuses on the application of neural network techniques in fault detection and diagnosis. The objective of this paper is to detect and diagnose the faults to a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Fault detection is performed by using the error signals, where when error signal is zero or nearly zero, the system is in normal condition, and when the fault occurs, error signals should distinctively diverge from zero. The fault diagnosis is performed by identifying the amplitude error of the CSTR output error
Powers xn in terms of modified Chebyshev polynomials
Get PDFWe exhibit two procedures to express xn in terms of the shifted Chebyshev polynomials, which is useful to reduce the degree of a polynomial in the interval
Ethnobotany of Moraceae in Meghalaya North-East India
Get PDFIndigenous people of Meghalaya have ethnobotanical utility of 19 species of plants belonging to 3genera; Artocarpus, Ficus and Morus under the family Moraceae. Fruits of all these plants are eatenraw or cooked or pickled. Young vegetative shoot of Ficus virens sre eaten as vegetable. Woods areused as fuel woods and timber. Leaves and young shoots are lopped as fodder for stallfed cattle tosupplement paddy straw during winter. Young leaves of Morus australis and M. serrata are used forrearing silkworms. Children in the village use latex from the fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus tomake sticky gum for hunting birds
Hardy Uncertainty Principle for Low Dimensional Nilpotent Lie Groups G4 (III)
Get PDFAn uncertainty principle due to Hardy for Fourier transform pairs on ℜ says that if thefunction f is "very rapidly decreasing", then the Fourier transform can not also be"very rapidly decreasing" unless f is identically zero. In this paper we state and provean analogue of Hardy's theorem for low dimensional nilpotent Lie groups G4
A Study on Biochemical Changes in the Fresh Water Fish, Catla catla (Hamilton) Exposed to the Heavy Metal Toxicant Cadmium Chloride
Get PDFCadmium (Cd), one of the twenty three heavy metal toxicants, is widely used in Ni-Cd batteries manufacture, metal and mining industry, dentistry etc. because of its non-corrosive nature. Cd is released in considerable amounts through industrial effluents into soil, surface and ground water systems. These excess amounts in addition to naturally occurring levels gradually build up to toxic levels causing damage to the biota of the aquatic ecosystem. It shows biomagnification and has greater half-life periods. Cd was found to interfere with many protein and carbohydrate metabolisms by inhibiting the enzymes involved in the processes. The present study evaluates toxicity of Cd and its impact on biochemical constituents like glucose, glycogen, total proteins, lipid and free aminoacids in the fresh water edible carp Catla catla as Cd bioaccumulation can affect humans through biomagnification. Short term tests of acute toxicity were performed over a period of 96 hours using cadmium chloride. The renewal technique was followed by exposing the fish to test solutions of different concentrations in the range of 1 mg/L to 8 mg/L. Preliminary experiments were conducted to choose concentrations that resulted in the mortality of the fish in the range of 10-90%. The toxicity experiments were then conducted using the chosen concentrations of CdCl2 on the fingerlings ( Wt. 6±1 grams ) in triplicate and the LC50 was determined using simple graphic ( % Mortality Vs. Log Concentration), probit graphic ( Probit value Vs. Log concentration) and unweighted regression analysis methods. The calculated average 96-hr LC50 is 4.533 mg/L and the equation for the dose-mortality regression line was found to be Y = 2.65X + 3.368. Levels of the five biochemical constituents viz., Glucose, Glycogen, Total proteins, Lipids and Free aminoacids were determined by standard biochemical procedures in the five tissues i.e., muscle, gill, liver, heart and kidney of unexposed (Control) healthy fish and the fish exposed to 96-hr LC50 (Lethal) and sub-lethal concentrations (1/10th of the lethal dose for 7 days of exposure) of cadmium chloride. Results showed significant fall in all the biochemical constituents in all the tissues except glucose prompting to suggest that the fish cultured in the aquatic systems closer to the industrial locations would not have the expected nutritive value. The elevated levels of glucose are apparently indicative of the organism's response to the toxicant stress. Also, such fish when consumed as food lead to the deposition of the heavy metal in the soft tissues of the human body leading to exposure health effects
Design and Evaluation of Polymeric Controlled Release Natamycin Ocular Inserts
Get PDFThe main aim of this study is to develop ocular drug delivery system for Natamycin; a polyeneantibiotic is highly useful for the treatment of conjunctivitis and keratitis. The ocuserts were preparedusing different polymers such as eudragit L-100, eudragit S-100, eudragit RL-100, hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose phthalate and cellulose acetate phthalate at various proportion and combinationsusing PEG-400 as plasticizer. The prepared ocuserts were evaluated for their physicochemicalparameters like drug content, weight uniformity, folding endurance, thickness, % moistureabsorption and water vapour transmission rate. The in vitro drug release from the formulations wasstudied using commercial semi permeable membrane and the in vitro release kinetic datas weretreated according to the diffusion models proposed by Higuchi and Peppas in order to access themechanism of drug release from the formulations, which were following zero order kinetics. All theformulations showed no change in the physical appearance and the FTIR studies indicated nopossibility of interaction between drug and polymer. The expected zero order release for one day wasobserved in the formulation D1 (3% Eudragit RL100 and 1% Eudragit L100
Some Fixed Point Results by Altering Distances between Points
Get PDFThe theory of fixed point is a very extensive field, which has various applications. This paperis the survey work on some fixed point theorems by altering distances between points inmetric space
Fixed point theorem for a pair of self maps satisfying a general contractive condition of integral type
Get PDFIn this paper, we establish a fixed point theorem for a pair of self maps satisfying a general contractive condition of integral type. This theorem extends and generalizes some early results of Boikanyo
The radio channel in the vehicular identification
Get PDFThe Radio Frequency Identification System, a wireless communication system, recently it is being applied to vehicular identification, the radio electric and geometry environment characteristics influence the Radio Channel, which one, have been analyzed extensively in different papers, but no one of them has analyzed the RFID technology applied to vehicular technology. The radio channel model is necessary for the effective design of transmitters and receivers, and to determining the positions of the tag and the reader. This motivates the analysis of the propagation environment for outdoor RFID systems. In order to know a feasible RFID application to the vehicular identification, a set of tests were implemented in laboratory and in the field, in order to obtain a channel model that predicts the average power level, a semi-stochastic model, where the average power level is given by the distance raised to some power that depends on the environment, and the field strength in an area around a transmitter, and take into account the structure and materials used at every location in the area. As a result from these tests, the RFID signal and the RFID channel behavior are the focus and discussion of this article
Submerged fermentation of amylase enzyme by Aspergillus flavus using Cocos nucifera meal
Get PDFSoil samples were collected from the coastal region of Neendakara, along the West cost of Kerala, India. 15 fungal species were isolated and identified by using lacto phenol cotton blue staining method. From this, Aspergillus flavus was tested in Starch Hydrolysis Agar Medium for its amylase enzyme production under sumerged aerobic fermentation with different physico- chemical properties of substrates. Cocos nucifera meal was used as a carbon source. Heavy metals were added to these medium and were used as a modified medium. The effect of different carbon source, nitrogen compound and physico-chemical conditions like temperature, pH and incubation periods were studied for derivation of amylase enzyme. The molecular weight of enzyme was determined by SDS –PAGE. The role of heavy metals was determined by ion exchange chromatography. Cocos nucifera meal medium with dextrose has shown the highest amylase production at pH 6.0 and temperature of 30ºC with protein content of 201μg/ml; 98.4μg/ml and dry biomass of 1.28μg/ml