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Disparities in the level of regional technical infrastructure development in Poland: multicriteria analysis
No full textResearch background: The development policy currently promoted by the European Union is focused on the use of the territory?s internal resources. Among the factors affecting regional development, by building its potential, infrastructure, being a basic necessity for developing activity in a given area, is of significant importance. Hence, investment in infrastructure is critical to stimulating economic dynamism, as it is the basis for supporting a variety of measures aimed at economic growth.
Purpose of the article: This paper aims to evaluate the level of development of technical infrastructure and changes taking place in this field in Polish voivodeships in 2008 and 2020.
Methods: The study was carried out using the Hellwig development pattern method and a comparative analysis of the technical infrastructure of Polish regions. The above approach makes it possible to measure the diversity of the state and availability of infrastructure for the communities of the regions.
Findings & value added: While implementing the study aim, particular attention was paid to the spatial differences in the level of development of the technical infrastructure of Polish voivodeships. The analysis enabled to distinguish groups of voivodeships with the highest, high, low, and very low level of technical infrastructure development. From a long-term perspective, the conducted research can be seen as a contribution to existing research and serve to further compare the impact of technical infrastructure on the economic development of countries. The strength of the study is the adequately long time span of the analysis (2008 ? the period of the financial crisis and 2020 ? the COVID 2019 pandemic), which provides a basis for the formation of the infrastructure in question. The added value of the article is also a regional perspective on the level of development of technical infrastructure using multidimensional methods of statistical analysis. The results of the study can be used to make decisions at the national level regarding the retrofitting of infrastructure in regions with a low level of infrastructure development. For the European Union\u27s decision-makers they can be a source of knowledge of where to direct EU funds the purpose of which is the infrastructural development of regions
Assessing the organizational commitment, subjective vitality and burnout effects on turnover intention in private universities
No full textResearch background: Faculties of private universities are under immense working pressure, which causes stress and burnout. The job burnout triggers the psychological pressure, which increases the turnover intention.
Purpose of the article: The undertaken study aims to evaluate the scale of burnout with its three-element model, which affects faculty members of private universities of Pakistan. This research also aims to examine the mediating effect of organizational commitment (e.g., affective, normative & continuance commitments), and moderating influence of subjective vitality in a relationship of job burnout and its constituents, for example exhaustion, efficacy & cynicism, and the turnover intention.
Methods: The 712 responses were collected through a structured questionnaire from the junior and senior faculty members of private universities of Pakistan. The data was examined by using second order partial least square ? structural equation approach ? PLS-SEM.
Findings & value added: The research findings exhibited that emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy have a direct significant influence on job burnout. The findings further demonstrated that the job burnout has a cogent and negative impact on faculty turnover intention. The findings demonstrated that elements of organizational commitment (e.g., normative, affective & continuance commitments) have a forceful serial mediating influence between burnout & its constituents for example exhaustion, efficacy & cynicism, and turnover intention. Finally, the findings have revealed that subjective vitality has a significant and positive impact as a moderating variable in a relationship between job burnout and turnover intention. This research has a long-term theoretical contribution, as it provides a novel conceptual framework, which can be replicated in different industries. Thus, this unique model provides the solution to reduce employees? turnover for other industries as well.
Hysteresis and stochastic convergence in Eurozone unemployment rates: evidence from panel unit roots with smooth breaks and asymmetric dynamics
No full textResearch background: Studying the dynamic characteristics of unemployment rate is crucial for both economic theory and macroeconomic policies. Despite numerous research, the empirical evidence about stochastic behaviour of the unemployment rate remains disputable. It has been widely agreed that most economic variables, including unemployment rates, are characterized by both structural breaks and nonlinearities. However, a little work is done to examine both features simultaneously.
Purpose of the article: In this paper, we analyse the stationarity properties of unemployment rates of Euro area member countries. Also, we aim to test stochastic convergence of unemployment rates among member countries. Our empirical procedures explicitly allow for simultaneous gradual breaks and nonlinearities in the series.
Methods: This paper develops a new unit root test procedure for panel data, allowing for both gradual structural breaks and asymmetric adjustment towards equilibrium. We carry out Monte Carlo simulations to examine small sample performance of the proposed test procedure and compare it to the existing test procedures. We apply the newly proposed test to examine the stochastic properties of the unemployment rates of Euro-member countries as well as relative unemployment rates vis-?-vis the Eurozone unemployment rate.
Findings & value added: We find that the newly developed test procedure outperforms existing tests in highly nonlinear settings. Also, these tests reject the null hypothesis of unit root in more cases when compared to the existing tests. We find stationarity in the series only after allowing for structural breaks in the data generating process. Allowing for nonlinear and asymmetric adjustment in addition to gradual breaks provides evidence of stationarity in more cases. Furthermore, our results suggest that relative unemployment rate series are stationary, providing evidence in favour of stochastic convergence in unemployment rates. Overall, our results imply a limited room for coordinated economic policy to fight unemployment in the Eurozone
The National Innovation System in a catching-up country: empirical evidence based on micro data of a Triple Helix in Poland
No full textResearch background: There are two main directions for the research of the national innovation system (NIS): the international comparison of macro data from national statistic offices or specific micro research restricted mostly to analysing selected issues. There is a lack of empirical studies regarding the national innovation system as a whole based on micro raw data and using statistical models.
Purpose of the article: To identify and evaluate the impact of the triple helix (an input and output approach) on the NIS in Poland, including internal interactions between industry, science and government.
Methods: A questionnaire surveys were conducted by the authors over the past five years in 6,284 manufacturing enterprises. The multifactor stepwise logistics regression forward was used to evaluate what, where and how effectively the NIS institutions in catching-up and medium-sized countries such as Poland are working.
Findings & value added: The NIS of Poland is a complicated and non-mature system. Some parts of the network are effective, while others are not. It is noted that cooperation between enterprises stimulates innovation to a greater extent than cooperation with scientific institutions and public administration. The vertical supply chain is the main driver of NIS in Poland. Domestic scientific institutions have an impact that is often short-term, fragmented, and non-continuous, though it can be strong from time to time. Strangely, organizations with low knowledge potential support industry innovation activity more efficiently and in a more organised way than science institutes, excluding foreign ones. For catching-up countries, this is an important bridging of the knowledge gap - it turns out that the quantity and quality of domestic knowledge in the national innovation system is inefficient. Scientific institutions need to achieve sufficient critical mass to stimulate innovative activity. The value of the conclusions is underlined by the fact that the analyses were based on micro data, which allowed to capture the relationships between the different elements of the triple helix
Disentangling the impact of ICT adoption on SMEs performance: the mediating roles of corporate social responsibility and innovation
No full textResearch background: The literature on the effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on performance is extensive and shows a significant positive effect. Likewise, the use of ICT to facilitate and report on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices implemented by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contributes to improve business performance. Moreover, through innovative activities, firms also obtain competitive advantages that impact positively on their performance, even more so when they are impacted by CSR. For this reason, it is expected that the adoption of ICTs in companies through a CSR-oriented strategy will increase their impact on business performance.
Purpose of the article: This article tries to examine how ICT affects SMEs? performance through CSR and innovation.
Methods: We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 2,825 Spanish SMEs and by applying a Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) with a double confirmatory and predictive purpose: to identify the causal relationships between latent variables, and to evaluate the ability of the model to make predictions for individual cases.
Findings & value added: The results show that CSR-oriented ICT impacts innovation by changing strategies and business model in companies. Moreover, the implementation of CSR practices gave them competitive advantages to increase their performance. We highlight how innovation gives companies greater capacity to respond to changes in their environment and how innovation positively impacts the link between CSR and performance. Finally, our research makes two significant contributions to the literature by incorporating two sequential mediating effects into the model. On the one hand, the indirect effect of ICT on innovation through CSR. On the other hand, the indirect effect of CSR on SME performance through innovation
Challenges and threats of unmanned aerial vehicles for aviation transport safety
No full textThe research problem of the article is formulated as follows: How do unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) influence on aviation safety? New trends in the use of unmanned aerial vehicle technology have been correlated. The attention was paid to the most modern solutions of the battlefield. In each case of the implementation of drones in selected areas, an analysis of the risk for aviation was made. Bearing in mind the priority of using drones in a responsible and legal manner, taking into account the absolute safety of airspace zones, the hypothetical risk of the development of a given UAV branch should be assessed each time. In the paper the theoretical methods were used: analogy, system analysis, statistical, analytical and comparative method. Moreover, diagnostic survey carried out by aviation institutions was used. Analysis of the potential of unmanned aerial vehicles with an indication of development directions that are safe for aviation, bringing clear benefits from implementation in relation to standard, commonly used solutions. The results of the analysis performed, combined with the synthesis of selected facts and data from statistics, are to prove the necessity to apply remedial measures in the process of dynamic development of UAVs. The multidirectional opportunities created by the dynamics of UAV development is undeniably a challenge for companies producing specific unmanned utility devices. Risk assessment at every stage of the development of a new technology - in this case unmanned aerial vehicles is a key issue of implementation success
Problems of diagnosing fire alarm systems in transport facilities
No full textThe publication presents problems concerning to the implementation of the diagnosis process in the FAS with different functional structures supervising fire safety in transport facilities. The implementation of this process and the test results should be visualized at the FAC installation site (LCD panel) and sent via two independent ICT channels to the ARC. The results of diagnostic tests will enable immediate renewal of the system, and the remote service located in ARC has the ability to identify the type of inoperability and start repair using spare parts from a handy warehouse. This approach makes it possible to rationalize the value of the FAS readiness indicator in transport facilities
Rozwój raportowania niefinansowego w Polsce
No full textW artykule omówiono kwestie dotyczące raportowania niefinansowego, które stało się obowiązkowe dla dużych przedsiębiorców od 2017 roku w Polsce. Praca omawia podstawy prawne, zmiany, jakie zaszły w raportowaniu ESG oraz nowe standardy, jakie zostały wprowadzone. Autorki poruszają także temat statystyk, z których jasno wynika rosnący trend raportowania niefinansowego również wśród tych podmiotów, które nie zostały do tego zobowiązane. Koniec niniejszego artykułu zwieńczony został informacjami na temat organizowanego od 2007 roku konkursu zrównoważonego rozwoju, w ramach którego sprawdzane są raporty niefinansowe za poszczególne lata
... for I have sincerely attached myself to this family, as if to my own, and I share all its sorrows and joys." Oskar Kolberg\u27s ties with the Konopek family
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to analyze the contacts and relationships of the ethnographer and folklorist Oskar Kolberg with the Konopek family, who lived in Mogilany, Modlnica and Tomaszowice, located near Krakow. Kolberg\u27s relations with the Konopki were reconstructed on the basis of extensive correspondence and memoirs recorded in writing. The article contains a biography and an outline of Oskar Kolberg\u27s work, the characteristics of the Konopek family members and a part devoted to the relations between the researcher and individual representatives of the Malopolska family
Regional smart specialisations in the light of dynamic changes in the employment structure: the case of a region in Poland
No full textResearch background: Among the determinants of the socio-economic development of the region, an important role is played by its endogenous potential. It is reflected in the industry structure of the region, formed in the process of its historical development. The industry structure is the basis for the development of regional specialisations. One of the criteria for defining specialisations is the employment structure by sections and divisions of the national economy. The definition of regional specialisations is indispensable for planning the development policy and for formulating regional strategies.
Purpose of the article: The main objective of the paper is the analysis and evaluation of employment structure as a criterion for the delimitation of industries identified as smart specialisations in the region. The study covers the case of selected region in Poland at NUTS-2 level ? the voivodeship of Małopolska.
Methods: The study is based on GUS unpublished data (Statistics Poland) for 2009 and 2018. It makes use of descriptive statistical analysis methods and structure and dynamics ratios, as well as Florence?s specialisation coefficient.
Findings & value added: The research has shown that the employment structure indicating the presence of the region\u27s specialisation in given industries is an important, but not sufficient criterion for the evaluation, whether the delimitation of industries recognized as smart specialisations was appropriate. In the light of the conducted research, it seems fully justified to grant the status of smart specialisation in Małopolska to Information and Communication Technologies as well as to Creative and Leisure Industries. In the context of changes to employment dynamics and structures, the possible development-oriented smart specialisations are as follows: Manufacture of metals and metal products, Electronics and machine industry, and Chemistry. On the other hand, the identified specialisations: Life science and Sustainable energy are not in line with changes in the region?s employment structure. The paper proposes one of the possible ways of precise identification of distinctive regional industries with high development potential. The structure of employment and changes occurring in this area make it possible to determine the main forces of the region\u27s endogenous potential, and thus may form the basis for the determination, and in the longer term, assessment of the relevance of identified regional smart specialisations. The added value of the study is, therefore, an attempt to assess, on the example of a selected region, to what extent changes in regional specialisations reflected in the existing employment structure confirm the accuracy of the selection of industries identified as regional smart specialisations. The presented case is an exemplification of the proposed method, which can also be successfully applied to other European regions