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Exploring potential drivers of innovation-related activities in Poland: evidence from Polish business clusters
No full textResearch background: Innovations are introduced by competitive companies. One of the most common methods, increasingly used by companies, is organizing clusters or cluster initiatives operating within a specialized sector, competing with each other, exploiting the potential of cooperation and its impact on creating new business ideas. However, these efforts could be unviable due to the lack of an effective leader of the group. One should underline a crucial role of the leader in such an organized network, since the leader makes improvements and takes initiatives for all the network and its partners. These concepts prompt us to undertake the research on the role of clusters? characteristics on enhancing willingness to innovate in general. This study aims to point out the main characteristics of clusters and to investigate their impact on companies? innovativeness. The main problem to address is the magnitude of specific effects that might boost introducing new solutions in firms? networks.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of factors describing cluster environment (characteristics like cooperation within clusters and beyond them, incentives of a leader, and localization factors) that might affect the innovativeness of companies.
Methods: The authors collected data using questionnaire. This type of primary source enables the authors to construct a model consisting of latent variables such as incentives of coordinator of cluster or cluster initiative, cooperation of firms with local authorities, cooperation between entrepreneurs, or localization. The results are subject to the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis.
Findings & value added: The conducted analysis leads to several findings. Firstly, incentives provided by the cluster coordinator enable companies to increase the willingness to introduce innovations in general. Secondly, however, the influence of other cluster characteristics on the propensity to innovate for firms functioning within specific Polish business clusters is scant. These findings point to the fact that actions leading to assign the official coordinator of a cluster need to be done, as it should result in better flow of knowledge, more symmetric information among companies within cluster, and more productive and innovative way of functioning firms in general. Regarding innovation clusters (and regional innovation systems), these actions need to be supported by forming policy on regional level, because effective clusters would induce more competitive regional economy in long-term scenario
A novel advertising media selection framework for online games in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment
No full textResearch background: The critical role of online games in e-commerce and the great competition among providers to enhance market share has significantly increased the need to use effective advertising patterns, techniques, and tools to attract users. There are two significant challenges to planning online media game selection. The first challenge is that there is no agreement on media selection criteria for online game advertising. The second challenge relates to the complexity of choosing advertising media.
Purpose of the article: Given the multidimensionality and uncertainty in evaluating and selecting advertising media, especially in the case of online games, the need to provide a systematic framework for evaluating and selecting media is critical.
Methods: The present study aims to provide a systematic framework based on multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods to evaluate and select the appropriate media for online game advertising. For this purpose, first, by reviewing the literature, a relatively comprehensive list of media selection criteria for online game advertising was extracted and then provided to experts in online game marketing and advertising in the fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. Then, based on their opinions, a localized decision model was obtained. Also, the Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method helped to determine the criteria? importance. In the next step, a preliminary list of online game advertising media was prepared and evaluated by experts based on the criteria obtained in the previous step. Finally, the media was ranked using the Additive Ratio ASsessment (ARAS) method.
Findings & value added: Awareness of the criteria affecting the selection of online game advertising media and having a systematic framework for applying these criteria in advertising media selection decisions play a vital role in practical decisions. This research addresses one of the main gaps in the field of study by proposing a quantitative methodology for integrating information based on the knowledge of experts in the decision-making processes select advertising media for online games. Most traditional media selection processes are based solely on experience and estimation, and in practice, they are unable to systematically prioritize the alternatives due to the multiplicity of media available and the complexity of the decision-making process Interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers (IVTFNs) can address the shortcomings of previous research while considering the uncertainties in this decision-making process. The findings of this framework can be good support for e-commerce managers and online game advertising practitioners
Risk and uncertainty in supply chains as a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe paper demonstrates enterprises gathered in supply chains and their condition in under the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is treated here as a black swan phenomen. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risks and uncertainty in the supply chains being a consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is based on a literature survey (LS) own research and business management practices. In addition, the authors provide some recommendations for increasing the resilience and robust of enterprises affected by the pandemic
Two decades of hybrid electric vehicle market
No full textThe article presents a cross-sectional view of the development of the HEV car market over the last two decades. Hybrid cars are currently the widest group of cars equipped with alternative to classic drive systems. They are also the most numerous group among electric vehicles. The historical meanders of HEV development were described, as well as the current level of development of this market and the real prospects for the popularization of HEV cars. The level of world production of this category of motor vehicles in the twenty-year period 2001-2020 was also characterized. The article attempts to estimate the real size of the world\\u27s HEV fleet. The level of sales of this category of vehicles by individual countries and their changing percentage share in the passenger car market were also presented. Sales of electric hybrids even in the crisis year 2020 increased from 3.2 million to approx. 4 million vehicles, despite a decrease in sales of new passenger cars from 64 to 54 million units. The above fact also proves the market attractiveness of this type of vehicles and the constantly growing interest in them
Analysis of inland waterway vessel propulsion by criterion efficiency, ecology and safety
No full textThe paper analyses the propulsion systems of inland waterway vessels according to the criteria of economic efficiency, ecology and safety. The professional experience of the authors and their expert knowledge indicate that always the increase of safety level as well as ecological solutions are realized at the expense of economic efficiency. Therefore, arguing for the result of such analysis, the features of water bodies, port infrastructure and elements which should influence the selection of propulsion systems, features of various types of power and fuels with their energy value guaranteeing the swimming range were described. Types of propulsion systems were characterized and a model of selection of propulsion system to the type of sailing was presented. The analysis presented in the article is necessary for a reliable assessment of the accuracy of the selection of the propulsion system for the actual conditions of operation of sea and inland waterway vessels, i.e. for the type of the vessel and its suitability to perform operational tasks on specific waterways
Econometric models - a method for examining factors of implementation of public-private partnership projects in selected European countries
No full textModern science is based on the study of economic phenomena and tries to quantify them in a measurable way. Econometric models are used for this purpose. The object of this research was to develop econometric models that show the strength of the influence of various factors on the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) projects in the area of transport infrastructure in France, GB, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. The models express the dependence of the value and number of PPP contracts on the value of measurable PPP success factors. Projects with a value of at least EUR40 million were included. A linear model and seven models transformable to linear were used. Four groups of factors were considered as explanatory variables. Fourteen indicators were obtained. Principal components determined based on covariance and correlation matrices were also used. The best models for the number of PPP contracts are linear and hyperbolic I models. For the value of contracts - linear and hyperbolic I and logarithmic models. The best models were indicated taking into account the type of explanatory variables and regardless of the type of explanatory variables. Nine criteria were used to assess the quality of the models. Factors having a significant impact on the value and number of PPP models were identified from the best models. Factors having no significant influence were also indicated
Innovative solution of mobile robotic unit for bricklaying automation
No full textThis study presents an innovative solution for a mobile robotic unit intended for the construction industry, the task of which is to automate time-consuming and burdensome masonry work performed manually using bricklayers. A ZSM mobile robotic bricklaying system (ZSM in Polish Zrobotyzowany System Murarski) was designed and developed in a demonstration version. The mobile ZSM consists of an ABB six degrees-of-freedom (6 DoF) industrial robot with a replaceable hydraulic gripper, a Hinowa tracked undercarriage with a hydraulic unit, hydraulic lifting and leveling module, a brick warehouse, a brick belt feeder, a mortar applicator, a control cabinet, and a control panel. Simulation tests were performed in a virtual ABB RobotStudio environment to verify the functioning of the robot and individual ZSM modules during the bricklaying process. ZSM control is based on the Siemens Simatic S7-1500 programmable controller in the fail-safe version, which supervises the correct operation of all devices. ZSM was tested under laboratory conditions and on the construction site. The robotic technological process of building a wall consists of the following stages: the robot grips the bricks, picks them up, manipulates them, applies mortar to them, and places them on the wall
Effects of independent magnetic fields in the very low frequency range elf generated by selected elements of an electric traction unit on the ambient environment and electronic systems
No full textThe article presents research results and issues related to of magnetic component of electromagnetic field on the environment and electronic systems used in the electric traction unit. The electronic systems used and built into an electric power unit are operated in a wide variety of environmental conditions. Electrical and electronic systems with different purposes coexist on the vast railroad area, and an important operational problem, apart from environmental changes in which these technical objects are operated, is also the issue of external and internal electromagnetic compatibility. Depending on the extent of the railroad area, the intentional or unintentional emission of electromagnetic fields over a range of frequencies, the construction, technical configuration and method of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility for the electrical and electronic systems in use and electronic systems in use are different. It is necessary to skillfully and appropriately use all measures included in the electromagnetic compatibility pyramid to ensure the appropriate level of robustness, immunity and susceptibility of the above mentioned systems. Due to the impact and propagation of electromagnetic waves in the railroad environment, individual frequency bands of interfering signals should be considered separately for the whole spectrum of interfering signals. The article presents the results of research on the generated magnetic fields from the very low frequency (ELF) range by electric power units. Diagnosing the electromagnetic environment over the entire frequency range enables the realization and proper protection of the electrical and electronic systems used in an electric power train from the effects of unintended interference. Knowledge of the parameters of interfering signals - e.g. amplitude, frequency range, spectrum, etc. - will enable designers of electrical and electronic train systems systems to properly protect these facilities from adverse environmental conditions
Some analysis problems of the linear systems
No full textNew approaches to the transformations of the uncontrollable and unobservable matrices of linear systems to their canonical forms are proposed. It is shown that the uncontrollable pair (A,B) and unobservable pair (A,C) of linear systems can be transform to their controllable (A,B), and observable (A,C) canonical forms by suitable choice of nonsingular matrix M satisfying the condition M[AB]=[AB] and M=[A,B] , respectively. It is also shown that by suitable choice of the gain matrix K of the feedbacks of the derivative of the state vector it is possible to reduce the descriptor system to the standard one
Determination of the current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic cells using the CoachLabII+ measuring console
No full textThe Coach6 software and the CoachLabII+ measuring console coupled with a computer and equipped with appropriate voltage and current sensors were used to determine the current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic cells. The current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics for a single cell and cells connected in series and in parallel were tested depending on the light intensity. Using a simplified theoretical model of a photovoltaic cell based on the one-diode equivalent circuit and Shockley diode equation, the ideality factor, diode saturation current and source current were determined, fitting the appropriate theoretical relationship to the measurement results. Based on the current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics, the short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, maximum power, fill factor, conversion efficiency and load resistance were determined. The dependence of the determined parameters on the light intensity was discussed