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Migracje zagraniczne w Polsce w latach 2016-2020
No full textZjawisko migracji nierozerwalnie związane jest z procesem globalizacji gospodarki światowej, która ułatwia przemieszczanie ludności dzięki szerokiej sieci powiązań z rodzinami i znajomymi znajdującymi się za granicą i oddziaływaniu na tę sieć międzynarodowego rynku pracy.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problemu migracji zagranicznych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski w latach 2016-2020.
W artykule przedstawione zostało pojęcie migracji, jej rodzaje oraz przyczyny i skutki. Zaprezentowano również statystyki będące wynikiem badań Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego związane ze skalą migracji w Polsce w latach 2016-2020 oraz głównymi kierunkami emigracji i imigracji na pobyt stały
Intertextuality in contemporary fantastic fiction
Get PDFThe article focuses on the elements of intertextuality in contemporary English literature at the theoretical level and then through literary analysis, and it also clarifies the notion of intertextuality in terms of the process of “Changes and Transformations” at two different levels. At the beginning, there is a description of the characteristics of the concept of intertextuality according to selected sources (F. de Saussure, J. Kristeva, M. Bakhtin, G. Genette, W. Benjamin, F. Jameson, G. Allen). Then the focus is on the examination of one particular intertextual work of a contemporary fantastic literature author, Theodora Goss, who based her work on the tradition of English Gothic and Victorian novels. Such novels exploit works of English classics in literary allusions (M. Shelley, A. C. Doyle, B. Stoker, H. G. Wells, R. L. Stevenson, O. Wilde) and motifs from works of American literature (N. Hawthorne). Eventually, there is an evaluation of the analysed novel, mentioning also the significance of classical literary works in the context of contemporary English prose
Distance education for the profit of newly recruited teachers: reinforcing inclusive classroom strategies through UFMC Algerian training
Get PDFAlthough the educational sector has witnessed an exceptional advancement in computer technologies, their smart use was fairly limited in the EFL context. Hence, the unexpected pandemic encouraged teachers to adopt a non-traditional approach to meet the students’ learning needs. Blended learning was readily arrogated to deliver the courses on-line and decrease the social distance at university. In parallel, UFMC Algerian training was scheduled by Constantine University –Algeria- for the benefits of newly recruited teachers to improve their on-line teaching. Thus, the new learned skills were momentarily applied to reinforce a blended approach to learning with Master Students at Ibn Khaldoun University, Algeria. Upon students’ consensus, on-line interaction was not accredited before the pandemic that is why a clash arose between distance education and face-to-face interaction. In this prospect, it is recommended to train teachers and learners in the usability of MOOCs to elevate learners’ inclusion in the classroom and raise their awareness vis-à-vis self-blend and flex models
Why should the horse care that the cart has tipped over? The horse in Kashubian and Polish paremiology
No full textThe aim of the article is to show the linguistic and cultural image of a horse on the basis of paremiological material preserved in Kashubian and Polish. We see that the experience of different cultures is habitually gathered and fossilized in proverbs. Additionally, as indicated by Mieder (2004, p. xi) (…) ‘there are no signs that proverbs have outlined their usefulness in modern technological societies either’. The author attempts to compare proverbs in which a set of features attributed to a horse has been preserved. To this end, she searches the equivalents of the proverbs in order to find an answer to the question of possible convergent observations testifying to the proximity or distinctiveness of the indicated cultures
Hybrid demand forecasting models: pre-pandemic and pandemic use studies
No full textResearch background: In business practice and academic sphere, the question of which of the prognostic models is the most accurate is constantly present. The accuracy of models based on artificial intelligence and statistical models has long been discussed. By combining the advantages of both groups, hybrid models have emerged. These models show high accuracy. Moreover, the question remains whether data in a dynamically changing economy (for example, in a pandemic period) have changed the possibilities of using these models. The changing economy will continue to be an important element in demand forecasting in the years to come. In business, where the concept of just in time already proves to be insufficient, it is necessary to open new research questions in the field of demand forecasting.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to apply hybrid models to bicycle sales e-shop data with a comparison of accuracy models in the pre-pandemic period and in the pandemic period. The paper examines the hypothesis that the pandemic period has changed the accuracy of hybrid models in comparison with statistical models and models based on artificial neural networks.
Models: In this study, hybrid models will be used, namely the Theta model and the new forecastHybrid, compared to the statistical models ETS, ARIMA, and models based on artificial neural networks. They will be applied to the data of the e-shop with the cycle assortment in the period from 1.1. 2019 to 5.10 2021. Whereas the period will be divided into two parts, pre-pandemic, i.e. until 1 March 2020 and pandemic after that date. The accuracy evaluation will be based on the RMSE, MAE, and ACF1 indicators.
Findings & value added: In this study, we have concluded that the prediction of the Hybrid model was the most accurate in both periods. The study can thus provide a scientific basis for any other dynamic changes that may occur in demand forecasting in the future. In other periods when there will be volatile demand, it is essential to choose models in which accuracy will decrease the least. Therefore, this study provides guidance for the use of methods in future periods as well. The stated results are likely to be valid even in an international comparison
Do owner-manager demographics in SMEs matter for corporate social responsibility?
No full textResearch background: According to the EU agenda, CSR should be considered an integral element of the current organizational strategy, including SMEs. While the debate continues about the optimal approach for successful CSR adaptation in SME, yet there is a need to shed light on the impact of owner-manager?s demographics on CSR practices.
Purpose of the article: The paper aims to examine whether owner-manager?s demographics (age, gender, education) matter for the implementation of CSR or not.
Methods: The study is based on a questionnaire filled in by owner-managers of SMEs operating in Czechia (454) and Slovakia (368). Factor analysis and nonparametric methods are used to test the hypotheses.
Findings & value added: This study shows that the relationships between CSR and owner-manager?s demographics are not alike between Slovakia and Czechia. Compared to owners, the evidence shows that the Czech managers are more oriented toward the CSR practices, while in Slovakia there is no difference. Such finding can be explained by Hofstede culture difference. In addition, analysis demonstrates that female Slovaks are more oriented to CSR than men, while it is not true in Czechia. Moreover, Czech individuals who graduated in the same field as their business are more oriented to the CSR, whereas in Slovakia this is not. In addition, young and old Slovak entrepreneurs are more oriented to the CSR than those 35-55 years old, manifesting a U-shape type of relationship. The originality of this work is manifested by the fact that it enriches the literature since it is among the first studies to analyze the relationships between owner-manager?s demographics and CSR in the SME segment for Czechia and Slovakia
Economic growth and labour market in the European Union: lessons from COVID-19
No full textResearch background: The world has been fighting the new pandemic caused by COVID-19 since March 2020. The subsequent restrictions on economic activity resulted in a supply shock, accompanied by a supply chain disruption, job layoffs, reduced work time and wages and decreased disposable incomes and taxes, which led to a demand shock. However, whether a close link exists between the number of confirmed cases, deaths and economic indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain.
Purpose of the article: The current study aims to analyse the impact of the number of infections and deaths on economic growth and labour market indicators in the member states of the European Union.
Methods: To achieve the main research goal, we conduct a panel data analysis on the quarterly data of 2020. Specifically, we developed three random-effects panel data econometric models to estimate the significance of infection and mortality rates for economic growth as well as employment and unemployment rates.
Findings & value added: This study contributes to the existing literature by analysing the link between the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19 and selecting macro-economic indicators within the European Union. The results show that the infection rate is not a significant variable for economic growth and labour market indicators. However, an increase in the number of confirmed deaths has a significantly negative impact on the economy. Moreover, an increase in the mortality rate has a worse impact on the labour market than on economic growth in general. These results can serve as a theoretical basis for future research on the interconnections between pandemics and macro-economic indicators. The findings can also contribute to developing efficient policy instruments for mitigating the negative impact of pandemics in the future, thereby ensuring the cooperation of fiscal, monetary and health policy authorities
Generating loyalty towards fast fashion stores: a cross-generational approach based on store attributes and socio-environmental responsibility
No full textResearch background: Faced with multiple media scandals concerning the pollution resulting from manufacturing activities, and encouraging the overconsumption of clothing, international fast fashion retailers have often had to resort to the elaboration and implementation of sustainable strategies aimed at environmental protection and reducing resource consumption. Generating customer satisfaction and loyalty depends increasingly on the extent to which retailers manage to employ socio-environmental responsibility besides the traditional retail store attributes.
The purpose of this article: The objective of the paper is to evaluate the influence of consumer-oriented store attributes in generating satisfaction and loyalty towards the fast fashion store, highlighting the influence of socio-environmental responsibility on the two constructs.
Methods: Based on the literature review, a conceptual model considering the effects of stores? attributes on store satisfaction and store loyalty and influenced by socio-environmental responsibility is proposed. Data were collected with the help of face-to-face administrated questionnaires before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in an emerging market (Romania). The data were analyzed via structural equation modeling in SmartPLS, for the three considered consumer generations: Generation X, Millennials and Generation Z.
Findings & value added: For all consumer generations, all store attributes contribute to the direct generation of fast fashion store satisfaction and store loyalty; nevertheless, the intensity varies in levels of significance. Socio-environmental responsibility does not significantly determine store satisfaction, but does have a strong influence on fast fashion store loyalty. The results detailed according to the generations indicate a similar situation: each store attribute influences the satisfaction of one or other generation, apart from socio-environmental responsibility. This work makes an essential contribution to the extension of the generational theory, highlighting the various individualities, perceptions, and behaviors. This cross-generational research broadens knowledge on how different consumer generations behave when shopping from fast fashion stores. The research also extends the S-O-R model, which is used to understand the relationship between store attributes (stimulus), consumer satisfaction (organism), and consumer loyalty (response) towards fast fashion stores
Financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs in their export decision
No full textResearch background: Due to having lack of financial power and low amount of revenues, most of SMEs? major concerns are bankruptcy and low financial performance. Those issues are risky situations for SMEs when making for their exporting activities. Therefore, depending on their performance and bankruptcy risk, they might more intensively perceive export barriers and this fact might determine their export decisions.
Purpose of the article: This paper examines whether financial performance and bankruptcy concerns of SMEs affect their perceptions of export obstacles or not.
Methods: This research performs random sampling method and directs an internet-mediated questionnaire to the selected respondents who are the executives of 408 Czech, Slovakian and Hungarian SMEs. To examine the influences of firm performance and bankruptcy on the perceptions of export impediments by SMEs, this paper employs Ordinal Logistic Regression Test.
Findings & value added: The results show that SMEs having less healthy financial conditions less intensively perceive cultural-linguistic export barriers in comparison with SMEs having better financial performance. Moreover, firm performance is not a predictor variable in the perceptions of export costs, legislative and tax-related barriers by SMEs. On the other hand, while SMEs having more bankruptcy concerns more intensively perceive tax-related and cultural-linguistic barriers, bankruptcy concerns of SMEs do not influence their perceptions of export costs and legislative differences. Although many studies have investigated the impacts of financial conditions of SMEs on their internationalization and exporting decisions, they are isolated with only a market or only with a financial issue. The limited extents of those studies cause a partial investigation of export and financial issues of SMEs and make readers having a narrow perspective in this specific area. By focusing on various export obstacles and financial issues that SMEs face in different markets, this research offers a detailed understanding of SMEs? perceptions regarding their financial conditions and export barriers, from a comprehensive perspective. In this regard, this is the research gap that this paper aims to fill
A new database on Green GDP; 1970-2019: a framework for assessing the green economy
No full textResearch background: Numerous modern indicators are attempting to integrate better economic, political, social, and environmental ambitions to uncover potential synergy, trade-offs, and future views that center around the notion of a so-called green economy. As long as the various indicators are not bounded in one comprehensive measurement, utilizing knowledge of relevant information and statistics that are crucial for monitoring the progress will not give us answers on the progress towards green growth either. Without an adequate measurement framework and robust statistics, the evaluation of the green economy is open to subjective reasoning.
Purpose of the article: This paper aims to offer a strong standpoint for green topics by exploring the concept of Green GDP. The paper introduces a new, updated database on Green GDP for the set of 160 countries from 1970?2019.
Methods: This database is distinctive due to its balanced coverage of two components of the green economy: quantitative feature (standard methodological algorithm) and qualitative feature (opportunity costs) within a common Green GDP accounting framework.
Findings & value added: Standardizing new methodologies and procedures for estimating environmental costs with a statistical foundation provides added value, which we hope will support the creation of reliable accounting and valuation systems for the green economy on a developing "green platform.