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Public service motivation and job satisfaction: The role of social support during crisis
No full textResearch background: Different crises (COVID-19 pandemic, war, natural disasters etc.) usually require new ways for providing public services to the citizens and, from this, to reinterpret and adjust the role of the public servant as the strategic key for assuring the continuity of the governance at all levels.
Purpose of the article: The article establishes a relationship between the public service motivation dimension and job satisfaction aimed to analyze the mediating role of social support in a crisis.
Methods: The standardized questionnaires, i.e. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, Work Design Questionnaire, and Perry’s PSM scale, were used to observe variables in the research model. An exploratory factor analysis was used before hypothesis testing. We deployed a structural equation modelling (SEM), as a multivariate technique, to test and evaluate multivariate causal relationships between constructs.
Findings & value added: Based on a sample of selected Central and East European countries (namely Poland, Romania, and Serbia), the study confirms the significant impact of social support on the relationship between self-sacrifice and compassion, as a public service motivation dimension, and extrinsic job satisfaction and intrinsic job satisfaction. Social support received from colleagues and supervisor is identified as a powerful non-monetary means of neutralizing negative effects during crises and increasing job satisfaction
Power of innovation networks for the energy sector after COVID-19. A case study of the Enterprise Europe Network
No full textInnovation networks such as the Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) are an important element supporting the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from various economic sec-tors. Their operations focus mainly on organizing brokerage events, business mission conferences, etc. These events are to facilitate networking, learning about new industry trends, or exchanging experiences. The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly curbed the effectiveness of innovation networks, forcing them to look for new forms of contact. Entrepreneurs from the energy industry who have so far actively participated in events organized by the EEN have also been affected. The article analyzes the impact of EEN pandemic on the activities of the EEN and its effectiveness, focusing mainly on the quantitative aspect of the impact of the crisis. In particular, it shows how the number of events organized, their structure and the effectiveness of EEN’s activities have changed, which is reflected in the number of cooperation contracts between entrepreneurs participating in the events. The paper compares the impact of the pandemic on the organization of all types of promotional events for companies in the energy industry. Furthermore, based on a case study, the article discusses the problems faced by innovation networks during the pandemic and those faced by companies in the energy industry. The results of the study clearly show a decrease in the number of events organized by innovation networks in times of crisis, but the decrease in energy-related events is not as significant as in events related to other industries. At the same time, the effectiveness of organized events increased
A study of macroeconomic variables that effected employment in the United States from 1948 to 2021
No full textThe paper provides an analysis of important U.S. macroeconomic variables that effect aggregate employment. The paper seeks to answer the question “What are the deter¬minants of changes in aggregate employment in the United States of America (U.S.)?” This is an important research topic because significant increases in unemployment can have a profound effect on an entire society, not just on its unemployed workers. When employment declines, public health declines, crime increases, suicides increase, and public revenues decrease. This paper uses quarterly data from 1948-2021 to estimate the effect of important macroeconomic variables on aggregate employment. The macroeconomic variables include personal consumption expenditures, U.S. federal government expenditures, nominal GNP, international trade (imports plus exports), M3 money stock, the mini-mum wage level, non-residential fixed investment, non-manufacturing employment, and U.S. federal tax receipts
Employer branding in the micro, small and medium-sized enterprises sector. Results of qualitative research
No full textEmployer branding, succinctly explained as the creation of an employer brand, can be described as the effort by entrepreneurs to undertake focused actions aimed at ensuring stable employment within a company and creating competitive job positions. These positions, in the competition for so-called talent in the labor market, become an asset. This marketing direction is not unfamiliar to entrepreneurs operating in the microenterprise sector and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Recruiting an employee whose creativity directly impacts the efficiency of the company is a key task for many entrepreneurs. This paper aims to analyze employer brand management methods in the segment of micro-, small, and medium-sized enterprises. It posits the hypothesis that employer branding for SMEs and microenterprises is, in the era of a constant decrease in available, qualified labor in the market, a fundamental form of employer brand management. The research method used is in-depth qualitative interviews, which the author has continuously conducted since 2017 with entrepreneurs representing SMEs and microenterprises. These interviews enable the identification of practical solutions used in managing the employer brand. Due to this fact, the subject matter is presented exclusively from the perspective of entrepreneurs and the actions they undertake and initiate in the organization
An empirical analysis of the Granger causality between the public debt and the level of inflation in selected European countries in the period 1990-2022
No full textWhile growing debt is not a problem for governments in the environment of low interest rates, such a high level of inflation, which makes debt servicing easier, may have a number of unfavorable consequences. The aim of this article is to verify the existence of causal relationships between the amount of public debt and the inflation level of selected countries. The conducted empirical study is based on the concept of Granger causality, which is one of the possible methods for examining interdependencies. The results of the study proved the occurrence of statistically significant granger causality in both groups of countries, i.e. those characterized by both high and low levels of debt
Current trends in sustainable organization management: A bibliometric analysis
No full textResearch background: Sustainability in organizations is a business approach to creating long-term value by taking into consideration how a given organization operates in the ecological, social, and economic environments. The organizational practices that eventually lead to sustainable development are referred to as sustainable organization management.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to examine the current trends in sustainable organization management over the time period of 2015?2022, highlight the emerging themes in this study area, and provide guidance for further research in the field.
Methods: This paper uses bibliometric meta-data analysis to present an analysis of current trends in sustainable organizational management. An in-depth analysis of a sample result of 619 papers from the Web of Science core collection was conducted with the use of biblioshiny, the R-Programming Language package, and the VoS Viewer software. A global representation of concepts was created using the relational directory network visualization technique based on VoS Viewer software. Keyword cooccurrence relationships were determined; relational techniques were used to visualize bibliographic coupling density to identify thematic areas with little research; and overlay visualization bibliometric techniques were used to identify new and old research themes.
Findings & value added: Emerging themes are modeling, tourism, and perceptions. Motor theme areas in the field of study include performance, impact, and management. The paper concludes that the study area of organizational sustainability management is still in its early stages and has great research potential, such as Africa as a study area, despite the fact that there have been few or no research findings. Future research should examine the role of technology and innovation in promoting sustainable practices within organizations and clarify how well an organization can survive global competition
Paths to low-carbon development in China: The role of government environmental target constraints
No full textResearch background: To achieve the targets for carbon peak and air quality improvement, local governments should propose environmental targets and develop realization paths that are tailored to their unique local conditions. They then promote low-carbon development through the implementation of multiple measures.
Purpose of the article: As the government performance appraisal system im-proves, the question arises as to whether governments take the initiative to com-bine environmental policies with government target constraints to reduce carbon emissions.
Methods: The announcement of environmental target constraints by local governments in government work reports is considered a quasi-natural experiment. This study examines the effect of government environmental target constraints (GETC) on carbon emissions (CEs) using differences-in-differences (DID), propensity score matching-DID (PSM-DID), and spatial-DID (SDID) with data from 241 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2019.
Findings & value added: The results demonstrate that GETC can effectively reduce local CEs, with the inhibitory effect being most effective in the first two years after setting environmental targets, but diminishing in the third year. GETC can reduce local CEs through three paths: reducing energy consumption, promoting industrial structure optimization, and encouraging green technology innovation. Spatial spillover effects show that GETC reduces local CEs while exacerbating CEs in neighboring cities, indicating a beggar-thy-neighbor effect in conventional environmental regulation policy. This effect is observed mainly in the geographic matrix and the economic-geographic matrix, but not in the economic matrix. According to heterogeneity analysis, GETC in the eastern and central cities can significantly reduce CEs. The inhibitory effect of GETC on local CEs is stronger in cities where secretaries and mayors have longer tenures and higher levels of education. The paper\u27s theoretical value lies in exploring the reduction of CEs through the combination of government self-restraint and environmental policies, providing a new solution for local governments to achieve CEs reduction. Furthermore, it offers practical insights into the improvement of the Chinese government assessment system
Circular economy practices as a tool for sustainable development in the context of renewable energy: What are the opportunities for the EU?
No full textResearch background: In order to tackle climate change and ensure Paris agreements are met, countries are forced to look for alternative ways of producing, consuming, and wasting and adopt a circular economy. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions becomes one of the key elements. The demand for electricity is increasing, and most greenhouse gas emissions derive from the energy sector. Because of that, it is crucial to ensure the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Renewable energy, as a part of the circular economy, also contributes to sustainable development. Only the efficient implementation of circular economy and renewable energy practices can ensure that sustainable development goals are achieved.
Purpose of the article: The study aims at determining the efficiency of European Union countries implementing circular economy practices through renewable energy to attain SDGs. The study focuses on the significance of renewable energy as a tool for the circular economy to achieve sustainable development and highlights the progress achieved in SDG through renewable energy in the EU.
Methods: For efficiency assessment of the circular economy represented by the renewable energy indicators, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was performed.
Findings & value added: This study presents a relation analysis of the circular economy and renewable energy and the importance of efficiency in achieving SDGs through a circular economy. The study helps to understand the circular economy represented by renewable energy and how it transforms into sustainable development and contributes to necessary actions needed for countries to improve. Based on the results, Sweden, Luxembourg, Ireland, Latvia, Estonia, Malta, the Netherlands and Bulgaria are considered the most efficient countries, while Austria is the least efficient. Unused solar and wind power potential can slow down sustainable development; however, EU programs and renewable energy strategies help countries move towards clean energy and ensure efficient implementation of sustainable development goals
Human capital convergence in European NUTS 2 regions
No full textResearch background: The role of human capital in modern economy development is as important as that of material growth factors. According to the three-sector model theory, economic growth is associated with the process of labour force leaving the primary sector. The research issue addressed in this paper was the human capital level estimation in European NUTS 2 regions and the relationship between the human capital level and sectoral structure of the economy.
Purpose of the article: The article aimed to verify the hypotheses of absolute and conditional human capital convergence in European NUTS 2 regions. The analysis covered the 2005-2020 period for European NUTS 2 regions and two subgroups: the CEE regions and the Western European regions.
Methods: A composite indicator approach was adopted to measure human capital levels in NUTS 2 regions. In order to verify the absolute and conditional b-convergence hypotheses, dynamic panel data models were estimated. The Blundell and Bond system-GMM estimator with parameter standard errors robust to heteroscedasticity was used.
Findings & value added: The study positively verified the hypotheses of absolute and conditional convergence in each group of regions. Percentages of employees in sectors proved to be the steady-state determinants. The time needed to reduce differences occurring in human capital levels by half (a half-life) was about 11 times greater for the CEE regions than for the Western European ones. The value added of the article lies in proving the relationship between the sectoral structure of employees and the pace of human capital convergence in European NUTS 2 regions
State-level Taylor rule and monetary policy stress
No full textResearch background: Taylor rule is a widely adopted approach to follow monetary policy and investigate various mechanisms related to or triggered by monetary policy. To date, no in-depth examination of scale, determinants and spillovers of state-level monetary policy stress, stemming from the Federal Reserve Board?s (Fed?s) policy has been performed.
Purpose of the article: This paper aims to investigate the nature of monetary policy stress on US States delivered by the single monetary policy by using a quarterly dataset spanning the years between 1989 and 2017.
Methods: We apply a wide array of time series and panel regressions, such as unit root tests, co-integration tests, co-integrating FMOLS and DOLS regressions, and Spatial Panel SAR and SEM models.
Findings & value added: When average stress imposed on states is calculated, it is observed that the level of stress is moderate, but the distribution across states is asymmetric. The cross-state determinants behind the average stress show that states with a higher percentage of working-age and highly educated population, as well as those with higher population density and more export-oriented are negatively stressed (i.e. they experience excessively low interest rates), whereas higher unemployment rate contributes to a positive stress (too high interest rates). To the best of our knowledge, the contribution of this paper lies in estimating monetary policy stress at the state level and unveiling some of the determinants of this stress. Moreover, the paper makes the first attempt to empirically test spatial spillovers of the stress, which are indeed found significant and negative