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The approach to supply chain cooperation in the implementation of sustainable development initiatives and company\u27s economic performance
No full textResearch background: The idea of sustainable development, in the face of the challenges encountered by contemporary society, is gaining increasing popularity. Currently, it recognizes the substantial role that companies play in its successful implementation. Initiatives in the field of sustainable development may be undertaken by companies independently as part of their own activities, or together with entities forming the supply chain as an element of sustainable supply chain management.
Purpose of the article: Identification of groups of companies that are characterised by a different approach to cooperation in the field of sustainable development in the supply chain.
Methods: The quantitative research was conducted in September 2020 with the use of the CATI (Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview) technique and a standardised survey questionnaire. A total of 500 randomly selected companies located in Poland participated in this study. The respondents were representatives of top management of the companies. In order to identify various groups of companies, a cluster analysis was performed using the k-means method in SPSS.
Findings & value added: Based on the literature analysis, 3 areas of sustainable development have been identified, in which companies can become involved ? green design, sustainable operations, and reverse logistics & waste management. For each of the 3 areas, 3 clusters of companies were identified: companies that are not involved in sustainable development at all (1), companies that carry out most of the sustainable development initiatives independently (2), companies that carry out most of the sustainable development initiatives jointly with supply chain partners (3). The article also shows that the companies in different cluster differ in terms of perceived economic benefits achieved thanks to the implementation of sustainable development initiatives. This may suggest the need to develop separate sustainability solutions for such groups of companies in the future
How do European seniors perceive and implement the postulates of sustainable tourism?
No full textResearch background: Tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the economy, thus the implementation of sustainable solutions in tourism ought to be a worldwide adopted requirement. Tourists should seek to pursue sustainable development goals during their travels. Given the aging population, it is important to encourage seniors to practice sustainable tourism and tailor offerings to their needs.
Purpose of the article: Our study aims to identify the readiness of seniors within the European Union to travel in line with the sustainable development goals.
Methods: Representative data from Flash Eurobarometer 499 were used in the study presented in the article. Correspondence analysis, which is a multidimensional statistical method that facilitates the search for relationships between multiple characteristics of respondents, was used in the course of our study.
Findings & value added: We conclude that the offer of future tourist solutions must be diverse, because the perception of tourism is very different among seniors with varying ages, genders, levels of education, and places of residence. Only small groups of seniors are not ready to adopt sustainable tourism, but many European tourists intend to continue using sustainable solutions and introduce new ones into their tourism. The greatest determination to apply sustainable solutions was observed among German seniors, especially in the use of green transportation
Artificial neural network and decision tree-based modelling of non-prosperity of companies
No full textResearch background: Financial distress or non-prosperity prediction has been a widely discussed topic for several decades. Early detection of impending financial problems of the company is crucial for effective risk management and important for all entities involved in the company’s business activities. In this way, it is possible to take the actions in the management of the company and eliminate possible undesirable consequences of these problems.
Purpose of the article: This article aims to innovate financial distress prediction through the creation of individual models and ensembles, combining machine learning techniques such as decision trees and neural networks. These models are developed using real data. Beyond serving as an autonomous and universal tool especially useful in the Slovak economic conditions, these models can also represent a benchmark for Central European economies confronting similar economic dynamics.
Methods: The prediction models are created using a dataset consisting of more than 20 financial ratios of more than 19 thousand real companies. Partial models are created employing machine learning algorithms, namely decision trees and neural networks. Finally, all models are compared based on a wide range of selected performance metrics. During this process, we strictly use a data mining methodology CRISP-DM.
Findings & value added: The research contributes to the evolution of financial prediction and reveals the effectiveness of ensemble modelling in predicting financial distress, achieving an overall predictive ability of nearly 90 percent. Beyond its Slovak origins, this study provides a framework for early financial distress prediction. Although the models are created for diverse industries within the Slovak economy, they could also be useful beyond national borders. Moreover, the CRISP-DM methodological framework enables its adaptability for companies in other countries
Post-Brexit exchange rate volatility and its impact on UK exports to eurozone countries: A bounds testing approach
No full textResearch background: The Brexit referendum had a profound effect on the economic relations between the United Kingdom (UK) and continental Europe. Major economic and financial determinants were affected, including the impact of the GBP/EUR exchange rate volatility on the dynamics of UK exports to the Eurozone.
Purpose of the article: This paper seeks to assess the extent to which these dynamics have changed since Brexit and to estimate the magnitude of their impact.
Methods: To this end, the volatility behavior of the GBP/EUR exchange rate before and after Brexit is captured using EWMA, GARCH(p,q), and EGARCH(p,q) models for the period of January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2020. The post-Brexit change in the volatility structure of GBP/EUR exchange rates is then tested by including a dummy in the optimal volatility model. Finally, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing approach is employed to analyze the relationships between exchange rate volatility and exports.
Findings & value added: GARCH(1,1) was selected as the winning model and used to examine the volatility structure of the post-Brexit exchange rate, which revealed no significant change. By incorporating a well-grounded proxy for exchange rate volatility into the demand function of exports, and controlling for the industrial production index, terms of trade, and real exchange rate, the analysis showed that exchange rate volatility had a negative impact on export volume to the Eurozone in both the long and short run. Additionally, the industrial production index had a positive effect on export volume in both the long and short run, while an appreciation in the value of the pound relative to the euro adversely affected the competitiveness of UK exports in the Eurozone market in the long run, with no impact in the short run. This paper serves as a benchmark for future studies, as it follows a three-step modeling approach and provides valuable insights into the potential economic and financial consequences a European Union (EU) member state may face should it choose to exit the EU
Social benefits of solar energy: Evidence from Bangladesh
No full textResearch background: The Bangladeshi government has set a plan to generate one-tenth of its electricity from solar and other renewable sources by 2030. Solar adoption surged in Bangladesh up until 2015, setting a global precedent for electrifying areas that were previously unconnected. The enhanced lighting offered by solar systems provides immediate benefits, including additional hours for household and business activities and extended study hours for school-going children.
Purpose of the article: This study seeks to identify the determinants and welfare gains of solar adoption in rural areas by analysing three rounds of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey from 2011–12, 2015, and 2018–19. In addition to presenting new estimates of economic, environmental, and educational welfare gains, our research offers insights into how solar adoption relates to rural employment and the nutrition of children under five.
Methods: We utilized both ordinary least squares and propensity score matching techniques to estimate the welfare effects of solar adoption. Only households that do not use electricity as their primary lighting source, such as those relying on solar or kerosene, are considered in our sample.
Findings & value added: We have discovered that adopting solar is linked to higher income, increased expenditure, and growth in asset value. Additionally, there is a significant reduction in kerosene expenditure among adopters compared to non-adopters. Other observations reveal that households with solar setups tend to transition from sharecropping to trading and poultry farming. Children in these households also benefit from solar adoption in terms of education and nutrition. This study illustrates how solar energy can effectively address various welfare concerns in areas where the government cannot supply electricity. Given that recent global events have rendered underdeveloped countries more vulnerable to providing consistent electricity to their entire populations, this research suggests solar energy as a resilient electrification solution during crises
Big data management algorithms in artificial Internet of Things-based fintech
No full textResearch background: Fintech companies should optimize banking sector performance in assisting enterprise financing as a result of firm digitalization. Artificial IoT-based fintech-based digital transformation can relevantly reverse credit resource misdistribution brought about by corrupt relationship chains.
Purpose of the article: We aim to show that fintech can decrease transaction expenses and consolidates firm stock liquidity, enabling excess leverage decrease and cutting down information asymmetry and transaction expenses across capital markets. AI- and IoT-based fintechs enable immersive and collaborative financial transactions, purchases, and investments in relation to payment tokens and metaverse wallets, managing financial data, infrastructure, and value exchange across shared interactive virtual 3D and simulated digital environments.
Methods: AMSTAR is a comprehensive critical measurement tool harnessed in systematic review methodological quality evaluation, DistillerSR is harnessed in producing accurate and transparent evidence-based research through literature review stage automation, MMAT appraises and describes study checklist across systematic mixed studies reviews in terms of content validity and methodological quality predictors, Rayyan is a responsive and intuitive knowledge synthesis tool and cloud-based architecture for article inclusion and exclusion suggestions, and ROBIS appraises systematic review bias risk in relation to relevance and concerns. As a reporting quality assessment tool, the PRISMA checklist and flow diagram, generated by a Shiny App, was used. As bibliometric visualization and construction tools for large datasets and networks, Dimensions and VOSviewer were leveraged. Search terms were “fintech” + “artificial intelligence”, “big data management algorithms”, and “Internet of Things”, search period was June 2023, published research inspected was 2023, and selected sources were 35 out of 188.
Findings & value added: The growing volume of financial products and optimized operational performance of financial industries generated by fintech can provide firms with multifarious financing options quickly. Big data-driven fintech innovations are pivotal in banking and capital markets in relation to financial institution operational efficiency. Through data-driven technological and process innovation capabilities, AI system-based businesses can further automated services
The customs system of the European Union in the face of the current challenges of customs handling in supply chains
No full textThe global environment, with its dynamic and varied changes, creates unstable and demanding conditions for the customs system of the European Union to cope with. The article aims to identify and describe the most pressing challenges to the EU customs system in the context of the customs handling of supply chain actors. The hypothesis for verification is that the EU system is not static in the face of the volatility, uncertainty and ambiguity of the environment; instead, it responds to all challenges arising, so as to ensure guarantee professional customs handling to participants in supply chains. The article is composed of two parts followed by a summary. The first part addresses the role of customs in supply chains; the second part presents the most important challenges to the EU’s customs system directly related to the customs handling of participants in international supply chains. The summary concludes the issues raised in the investigation. The study relies on traditional research methods: deductive reasoning and comparative analysis
Urban parks as public goods: A comprehensive review of benefits and costs in metropolitan landscapes
No full textThis article examines urban parks in metropolitan landscapes from a public goods theory perspective, highlighting their significance in providing recreational spaces, improving air quality, and offering ecosystem services. It traces the concept of urban parks from historical roots to modern implications for city planning and environmental management. Focusing on a case study of Warsaw\u27s green areas, the review identifies correlations between the costs of maintenance and user satisfaction, underscoring the economic and social benefits of urban parks. By exploring the non-excludable and non-rivalrous nature of parks, the study advocates for their recognition as public goods that merit sustained investment. The findings suggest that strategic development and maintenance of urban parks are crucial for sustainable urban living, emphasizing their role in enhancing the quality of life in cities. Future research directions are proposed on managing and financing urban green areas
The programmable steering machine for the electric lightweight vehicle
No full textIn this paper a programmable steering machine (PSM) and the lightweight electric powered vehicle, designed and made at the Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom (UTH Radom) have been presented. Both these technical objects are the result of the project carried out by the Student Research Group ?Turbodoładowani?. The steering machine has been developed with the programmable algorithms allowing to execute a controllable movement of the vehicle steering wheel. After execution, the system does not need an interaction with the driver. For this reason, a higher repetition of the vehicle traction measurements can be achieved. Such confirmation obtained in tests within which the time waveforms of rotation angle of the steering wheel by a set value of 45, 90, 180 and 360 degrees was recorded. In particular, the accuracy index for mentioned test conditions was calculated. Obtained results, expressed by the average value of the sensitivity index were lower than 2% within the tests carried out for ?45 degree maneuvers. In case of other tests i.e., for ?90, ?180 and ?360 degree maneuvers the accuracy index value was lower than 0.3%. In this way, it was confirmed that the tested PSM reached the appropriate operating parameters necessary for vehicle traction tests